Pls, contact me in need: pastirikova.gma@gmail.com

UČEBNICA

Find enclosed copy of YES B1 book for further reference yes-b1.pdf.

SKVELÝ SLOVNÍK s výslovnosťou

http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.co 

HOMEWORK

HEALTH CARE

6. HEALTH CARE

a) human body

b) common diseases and diseases caused by current lifestyles, injuries, mental and physical conditions, seeing a doctor, at the chemist’s/pharmacy

c) healthy lifestyles, physical and mental hygiene

d) health care (prevention, vaccination)

e) national/public and private health care, health insurance, specialists

More and more people today start to realise that good health means a longer and happier life. That is why they take better care of their health than before.

Most kinds of medicine begin when you’re ill. Preventive medicine begins when you’re well. The idea is very simple. If you make your body strong and healthy, then you won’t become ill. There are three ways to do this. They are: diet, relaxation, exercise. In general, a healthy person does not smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises. The trick to healthy living is making small changes – taking more exercise, adding fruit and vegetables to your diet (strava), adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water, having enough sleep, avoid stress – these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic changes.

For many people, bad health begins with a bad diet. Some eat the wrong kind of food. Others eat too much or too little. It’s not surprising that people like this often become ill. On the other hand, people concerned about their health eat healthier food. They try to eat regularly, avoid eating chips, hamburgers, food in tins and packets. Instead, they try to eat fresh fruit and vegetables, brown bread, fish and white meat and reduce the amount of salt, fat, and sugar.

Modern life is full of pressure and problems. Some people can control these. They sleep well, enjoy life, don’t worry very much and try to avoid stressful situations as much as possible. They know how to relax and that relaxation helps the body to rest and repair itself. Others are the opposite. They sleep badly, don’t enjoy life and worry all the time. People like this are suffering from stress. Stress is a kind of illness itself and it can lead to many others.

Exercise is very important for good health. Without it the body becomes slow and fat. It also becomes weak and less able to fight illness. Unfortunately, modern life makes it very easy to be lazy.

When we are ill, we usually see a doctor (GP – general practitioner). The doctor examines our body, asks about the symptoms and usually prescribes some medication, which is usually available on prescription in a pharmacy. In some cases we need to make an appointment with a specialist. When the illness is too serious to be treated at home, we are taken to hospital and sometimes even undergo surgery.

People who are employed pay their health insurance monthly. They do not need to pay for basic health care and basic medication. When they want extra care or special treatment, they have to pay the extra costs. Some people decide to go to a private health care establishment (zariadenie), usually for surgical interventions, delivery or dental care.

Everybody goes through various diseases during their childhood and adult life. Most of the diseases are not serious and do not take a long time to cure because we have efficient medication against them. Such diseases are flu, tuberculosis, or scarlet fever. However, there are diseases which we have problems to cure or cannot cure at all yet, such as cancer, AIDS or heart attacks (infarkt, srdcový záchvat).

A healthy lifestyle, prevention and personal responsibility for our health can help us avoid possible dangers. Many people care about their health, go to the doctor for check-ups (kontroly), get eye exams done, weigh themselves regularly, get vaccinated and see the dentist twice a year. Others still need to learn that good health means a longer and happier life and that they need to care about themselves.

                Human body consists of a head, neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs. It consists of blood, bones, muscles, skin and inner organs. The most important organs include a heart, lungs, stomach, liver (pečeň) and kidneys (obličky). A head consists of  hair and a face with eyes, ears, nose, mouth, lips, teeth, tongue, cheeks, chin, eyebrows, eyelashes, forehead and moustache or beard in men. An upper limb consists of a shoulder, an arm, an elbow, a wrist, a hand with fingers (index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and a thumb). Trunk consists or chest in men and breasts in women (u žien), back, waist, sex organs and hips (boky). A lower limb consists of a thigh, a knee, a calf (lýtko), a shin (píšťala), an ankle, a foot with toes and a heel.

                When you get ill, for example when you get food poisoning, flu, twisted ankle or cold you should see a doctor. If you want to see GP (general practitioner) you don’t have to make an appointment. If you need to see a specialist (an eye doctor) you have to make an appointment. You wait in the waiting room until the nurse calls your name. At the doctor’s surgery he usually asks about your symptoms. You tell him your symptoms. Then he takes your temperature and he examines your body. He tells you your diagnosis and prescribes you some pills, tablets, painkillers or drops. You go to the pharmacy/chemist’s and you show your prescription. They give you your medicine, you pay for the prescription and you go home. When you have got flu, you have to stay in bed, take your medicines, drink plenty of herbal tea with lemon and honey.

conventional/classical vs. alternative healthcare

Encyclopaedias offer a definition of medicine as any science or practice concerned with sickness and health.There are several types of medicine which can help us to beat illness. Classical (western or conventional) medicine offers treatment with painkillers. It fights against illness and disease with drugs and surgery by which doctors can save millions of people. On the other hand, taking a lot of medicine can destroy other organs of your body, e.g. liver or kidneys. That is why many people prefer other kinds of treatment which are sometimes called traditional, complementary or alternative medicine. The term traditional fits ancient arts such as herbalism but hardly applies to acupuncture or shiatsu. Alternative medicine looks at the whole person, not just the illness. This includes your age, your family background, eating habits, sleeping habits, regular exercises, job conditions, bad habits like drinking or smoking and problems you have to face in your everyday life.

There are different types of alternative medicine like acupuncture, homeopathy and osteopathy. Acupuncturists use needles to make a person's energy to flow in a more balanced way. The needles are rotated clockwise or anticlockwise, according to whether energy is to be stimulated or lessened.

Everything we need exists in nature which is why homeopathy uses natural plants and flowers to beat illness. Homeopathy is not concerned with the processes or causes of disease, but with its symptoms. Doctors regard their patients as unique individuals.

Osteopathy is a system of movements which correct problems with the bones and muscles. Osteopaths push, pull and twist the body with their hands which puts all the bones or muscles in the right place.

One of the reasons for the popularity of alternative medicine is that most alternative therapists give a patient more time than conventional doctors. In most European countries doctors see a new patient every ten or twenty minutes. Many symptoms are due to overwork or stress and an important part of a treatment is for patients to talk about their problems. Doctors themselves are tired and have very high stress levels. Both doctors and patients would benefit from more time for having consultation.

While alternative medicine treats the body without using chemicals, western medicine is very important in accidents and emergencies. The best solution is when western and alternative medicine work hand in hand.

 

1. Describe your illness (or your friend's if you are healthy). 

2. Complete the dialogues with suitable responses (use different ones):

1st dialogue

Doctor:   Hello. What's the problem?                                   

You:       Well,...............................................................        

D:            Does it hurt badly?                                                                                                                                                             

You:         ......................................................................   

D:      How long have you had this?                                    

You:    ..............................................................................   

D:      I'd like to examine you. Take off your shirt, please                                        

You:    .............................................................................

D:      No, it doesn't look too bad. It's just normal tonsilitis. Here's a prescription for some medicine. Take it               

three times daily. Come to see me next Tuesday.

You:    .............................................................................     

2nd dialogue 

D:        Good.........................     What's............................    

You:   I'm running a fever, coughing badly, I sneeze, feel tired and sleepy.

D:      OK. Open..............................................................

You:  "Ah." It hurts me to swallow and I ache all over.

D:      Strip.............................; take............................and now stop.......................................................

You:   Is it very serious, doctor?

D:        No, ....................; it's just ......................: get this medicine from..................and..................a day.

You:   Am I allowed to go to school?

D:      No,........................ .................... warm and drink ............................ You'll ...........................soon. In

a week you............................................again.

3. What children's diseases have you had and what diseases have you been vaccinated against?

What common ailments do children have?

mumps [mamps], measles [mi:zlz], rubeola [rubiola], chicken-pox [t/ikan poks], scarlet fever [skarlet firve], be a scarlet fever carrier, otitis [au'taitis] (zapal ucha), vaccination certificat('veksi'neisnt sa:tifikit], tuberculosis [tju:,be:kju'lausis], tetanus [tetanas], polio [paulisu], smallpox [smo:lpoks], diphtheria [diftieria], whooping cough [hu:pii\ kofj, rabies [reibi:z]

have a cold, (the) flu, cough, a sore throat, to cough, bronchitis [bron'kaitis], tonsilitis [tonsi'Iaitis], pneumonia [nju:'mäuniä], be hoarse [ho:s], lack of appetite, vomit, have stomachache, heartburn, nausea [no:sjä], indigestion [indi'dzestfän], constipation [konsti´peifän], diarrhoea [daiä:riä], ulcer [alsa], bilious attack [biljäs ätäk], appendicitis [äpendi'saitis], jaundice [dzo:ndis], backache, slipped disc, rheumatism [ru:mätizm], earache, encephalitis [ensäfä'laitis], be dizzy [dizi], veneral disease [vi'niäriäl], typhoid fever [taifoid], plague [pleig], cholera [kolärä]

4.   What diseases are considered to be "civilization al diseases"? What causes them? How can they be avoided?

mental disorders:                                               -

nervous breakdown, stress, depression, a headache, insomnia [in'somnie], suffer from nerves

diseases of the blood system:            .

high blood pressure, a heart attack, anaemia [ä'ni;mjä], leukaemia [lju:'ki:miä], varicose veins [värrikäus veinz]

skin diseases:                                                          .

rash [räs], acne [äkni], eczema [eksimä], itch, scratch, pimple [pimpl], scurvy [skä:vi]

eating disorders:

anorexia, bulimia

others:

backache, defective hearing (poskodeny sluch), allergy, overweight, asthma [äsmä], diabetes [daiä'bi:tiz], malignant tumours [mä'lignänt tju:mäz], cancer [känsä], drug addiction [drag ä'dikfän], drug addict [ä'dikt] (narkoman) , be addicted to alcohol, die of an overdose (zomriet na predavkovanie), break the habit, veneral diseases (pohlavne choroby) , AIDS, hectic life style, lack of vitamins (nedostatok vitaminov), polluted environment, unhealthy daily routine, insufficient sleep (nedostatocny spanok)

Naučiť sa YOUR DIET z pracovného listu Food and diet + slovnú zásobu

Dokončiť pracovný list Housing and decoration + naučiť sa slovíčka, YES!book 30-31 téma Housing + ppt. prezentácia a link, resp. text nižšie. Home, types of dwelling. country versus town - advantages and disadvantages

Naučiť sa YOUR DIET z pracovného listu Food and diet + slovnú zásobu

Revise the topic HEALTH, human body, lifestyle and prevention

 

Dokončiť pracovný list Housing and decoration + naučiť sa slovíčka, YES!book 30-31 téma Housing + ppt. prezentácia a link, resp. text nižšie. Home, types of dwelling. country versus town - advantages and disadvantages

Napísať       My Dream House (120-150 words)

                                             (A description)

• what type of house it would be
• where it would be situated
• how you would furnish it
• what colours would be dominant
• 04_HOUSING.ppt
• 4.housing.docx

·          ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF   LIVING IN THE TOWN/CITY/COUNTRY

Use the linking words:

Ist paragraph - Inroduction  - General (Start with - Nowadays, a lot of people have decided to move from a village/a city and settle down in a town/village/a city.....)

...have both advantages and disadvantages/pros and cons,

2nd paragraph (pluses, advantages, pros)

On the plus side,/One advantage is that/ Also, First of all/Fistly/Secondly/Thirdly

For example,/For instance,

What is more,/Moreover,

All in all,/To sum up

3rd paragraph (minuses, disadvantages, cons)

However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing,/One disadvantage is that,

particularly/especially

Also, First of all/Fistly/Secondly/Thirdly

Last of all,/Finally,

Despite.../ Inspite of ...

4th paragraph - Conclusion plus your own opinion (sum it up, rephrasing the best and the worst about living there and say whether the advantages outnumber the disadvantages, say where you live and how you like it there and whether you would like to move, where and why)

In conclusion,/All things considered, To sum it up,

I think that.../ In my opinion,

                   

     SPORTS AND GAMES

Each link below helps find the answers, just click and read, write and learn.

1 Name sports fields and areas sports

2 Name reasons for doing sports

3 Name sports events

YES!book 25-29 +

03_SPORTS_AND_GAMES.ppt

3_Sport.docx

SPORT_AND_GAMES.pdf

10_CARD_sport.pdf

how to write a recipe      

TEST - recipe, a translation. Revise verbs and instruc

 

“I’m drawn to music that takes me to another place – a place I can escape to.”

20th October

watch the following videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhX9Dlp0Ds

vocab food likes, dislikes, flavours https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50syDdhrVPc

at a restauranthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CcYEoAyArE

Prepare the short text  on page 92 TASK 1

Yes!book Learn FOOD.89-94   17.food.docx      05_FOOD.ppt

+ Food vocabulary

Kitchen utensils (náradie, náčinie)

Dishwasher, dishdryer, microwave, cooker, blender (mixér), toaster, grill pan, frying pan, pot, lid, casserole, cake pan (tortová forma), baking sheet (plech), rolling pin (valček), kettle (kanvica, thermo (termoska, kitchen tools (náčinie), ladle (naberačka, spatula, turning spatula (obracačka, beater/whisk – šľahač, scissors, grater (strúhadlo, bowl, garlic press, peeler, ice cream scoop, can, can opener, drainer – sitko, bootles, bottle opener, kitchen towel, chopping board, cork (korok, štupeľ), knife/knives, spoon (varecha, lyžica, fork, juicer (odšťavovač), timer, potato masher (pučidlo na zemiaky), tongs – kliešte, cake server (lopatka na tortu)

Verbs:

Pour water, steam vegetables, roll the dough (vaľkať cesto) break/beat the eggs (rozbiť/vyšľahať), knead the dough (miesiť cesto), measure the oil, sprinkle with herbs, season (dochutiť), stir – miešať, whisk – šľahať, strain/drain (odkvapkať, vysušiť), mash (popučiť, add salt, beat eggs, chop the bacon, bring to the boil, cook for five minutes, cut the meat, fry bacon, heat oil, grate cheese, melt sugar, peel onions, crush garlic, pre-heat the oven, sift flour, simmer gently, slice tomatoes, serve with brown bread, mix together, skin the fish, bake a cake, mince (pomlieť) the pork, thaw/defrost, marinate, dice – cut into cubes, spread with butter (natrieť, weigh out (odvážiť), squeeze (vytlačiť), overcook, fry until golden (opražte do zlatova), taste, smell, have lunch, dinner, breakfast, supper, snack, tea, tv dinner, be fussy about food, be undercooked, burnt (pripálený), complain, thank, ask for, Are you ready to order? Cause heart disease, be on decline (byť na ústupe), change eating habits,

Raw (surový), ripe (zhnitý),rotten (pesnivý), flavoured (dochutený), be rich in flavour, be bland (bez chuti, nedochutený), rich in calories, prefer, served, with no added sugar

17. FOOD

1.       Food and drinks during a day, your favourite meal. How do you make it?

2.       Places where people eat (restaurants, at home, at school canteen)

3.       National cuisine – traditions, specialties, table manners

4.       Eating habits, healthy food

People are different all over the world. People who live in colder countries need to eat more fatty (mastný) products and food which give them a lot of energy. People who live in hot countries need to eat a lot of fruit and vegetables to give their body enough energy and liquids. People who do physical work need a lot of energy and they also eat a lot of fatty products and food. In China people use chopsticks (paličky) when they eat, in Europe we use spoon (lyžica), knife (nôž) and fork (vidlička), in Africa they use their fingers or a piece of bread.

4. We have different eating habits (stravovacie návyky). Our eating habits depend on (závisia od) our lifestyle (životný štýl), our work, our mood (nálada) and feeling, our financial situation, our age and of course, the country we come from. Rich people usually eat healthier meals (jedlá) and poor people usually eat fast-food meals or junk food and they do not eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. Women usually eat healthier food than men. Those who want to eat healthy, eat a lot of low-fat products (yogurts, cheeses, skimmed milk), their food is rich in minerals, fibre (vláknina) and vitamins. They eat whole-grain (celozrnný) bread, they avoid (vyhýbajú sa) fatty meals. Women who want to lose weight eat as little as possible and kids are often fussy (vyberavý) about their food. Children often like fast-food meals such as (ako je) hamburgers, fish and chips, doughnuts, cakes, and also pasta, pizza and sausages. They love ketchup, but a lot of them hate healthy food. They like drinking fizzy drinks, lemonades and Coke is their favourite drink. They love sweet meals such as pancakes, cakes, puddings, jelly, ice-cream etc. (and so on).

 

1.       Normally, we eat three times a day – we have breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Breakfast. Slovaks usually have bread or a bread roll (rohlík) with butter, jam, honey, ham, some cheese or salami for breakfast. Some prefer scrambled eggs (praženica) or sausages. Others have a bowl (miska) of cereals (cereálie) such as cornflakes or muesli with milk. We usually drink a cup of coffee or a cup of tea for breakfast. Children have a glass of milk or cocoa for breakfast. They like yogurts, toasts with chocolate spread, bread and butter with honey or jam. The English usually begin the day with a cup of tea or coffee. British people have for breakfast toasts with butter and cheese, a bowl of cereals with milk, a cup of tea or coffee or a glass of orange juice. They do not drink tea with lemon; they put milk in it instead. Then they have a cup of tea again and finish with toast and marmalade. But nowadays more and more people prefer lighter meal for breakfast. Later in the morning the English people have another cup of tea and some biscuits.

                The traditional English breakfast starts with cereals. It is often a bowl of cornflakes (ovsené vločky) with milk or porridge (ovsená kaša). This is sometimes followed by fried bacon and eggs or sausages (párky) and fried tomatoes, often at weekends. Children often eat toasts with beans in tomato sauce.

At about 10.00 o’clock in the morning we usually have a little snack, students at school eat their home-made (doma pripravené) snacks during their break after the third lesson.

The English lunch is a light meal consisting of warm dish (teplé jedlo) and a dessert, or ham and cheese sandwich, some fruit, pudding and ice cream. Lamb (jahňacina), beef or chicken is served with potatoes, vegetables and gravy (šťava z mäsa).

In the afternoon the English have teatime again. They meet friends and have a tea party. They eat thin slices of bread with cheese and some fish and vegetables.

Dinner is the main meal of the day in Great Britain (and also in the USA). It is served at about 6 o´clock when all the members of the family are at home. This meal is often eaten in front of the television. Most dinners during the week are simple, people often use pre-cooked (predvarené) food – CONVENIENT FOOD (tinned or frozen) with frozen (mrazené) vegetables, which can be heated (môže byť zohriate) quickly. A lot of supermarkets sell frozen “TV dinners” which can be quickly prepared in the oven or a microwave. During the week the meal consists of soup and fish and chips which is considered to be typically British. The British often have chicken and boiled vegetables with pasta or rice for dinner. Sometimes they eat pork or beef steaks with vegetables. Then later in the evening around 10 o´clock it is time for light supper.

A lot of Americans love to have lunch and dinner “out” – at snack bars, fast food restaurants or expensive hotels. They also use take-away services. You go to the take-away restaurant, you buy your food, take it home and you eat it at home. Typical take-away food includes pizza, Chinese food, Indian food and the traditional fish and chips.

In our country lunch is the main meal of the day. It usually has two courses (chody). The first course is a soup and the main course consists of some meat with the side dish (príloha). Sometimes we have dessert. For lunch, Slovaks have some meat (mäso), it is usually pork (bravčové), beef (hovädzie) or poultry (hydina) with potatoes or rice. But we also eat a lot of pasta (veľa cestovín) and sweet meals.

The Slovaks prepare dinner themselves at home. It is either (buď) a warm meal or a sandwich. Sometimes they order pizza. Some people have light supper, often cheese and biscuits and a glass of milk or a mug of cocoa before they go to bed. Men usually have a glass of beer or a glass of wine in the evening.

 

2. People who are at work have their lunch at canteens (v jedálňach) or they go and buy something in fast-food restaurants (KFC or Mc Donald’s) or take-away restaurants. Pupils and students have lunch at school canteen or they eat their packed lunch (which their mums made for them the day before) at school. Businessmen often invite their business partners for lunch or dinner to a restaurant. There they can choose from daily menu which is usually cheaper and is usually offered during lunchtime. 

3. Each country has some traditional meals. Fish and chips are typically British. Pasta and pizza are considered typically Italian. Hamburger with chips is a typical American meal. In China they eat noodles and rice. Typical Slovak meal is “bryndzové halušky” (potato dumplings with sheep cheese). It is a kind of food prepared from potatoes and flour. Another traditional Slovak meal is “lokše” which are potato pancakes cooked on the stove (platni) or on a frying pan without oil. Another typical Slovak meal is cabbage soup (made of cabbage, pork, beef, plums, bacon and cream which we eat on Christmas Eve). For Christmas dinner the Slovaks usually have lentil soup (šošovicová polievka) or cabbage soup and potato salad with fried fish. We usually eat carp. The English and Americans have roast turkey with vegetables for their Christmas dinner. The British also eat Christmas pudding, which is a special cake and they eat it only on Christmas day. At Easter we usually eat smoked ham with potato salad and the English have hot cross buns on Easter Sunday.

Table manners – decide whether these manners are considered polite or impolite.

·         Use your knife to cut and your fork to put the food in your mouth.

·         Chew food with your mouth closed.

·         Have a cigarette while other people eat.

·         Sip your soup if it is too hot.

·         Ask for things to be passed to you, don't lean over the table.

·         If you have chewed the spice, spit it on the plate

·         If you need to blow your nose, excuse yourself and go out of the room first.

·         Answer your phone at the table and talk loudly and long enough.

·         Don't grab everything you want first - help others to get their food and be prepared to share.

·         Don't talk with your mouth full of food. It is not a good look!

·         Eat with fingers if nobody tells you that you cannot do that.

·         Put your elbows on the table, it is more comfortable.

·         Do not pick anything out of your teeth. If it bothers you that bad, excuse yourself and go to the toilet to pick it.

·         Always use a napkin to wipe your mouth, which should be on your lap when you do not use it.

·         If you have a cold you can blow your nose with a napkin. You don’t have excuse yourself and go to the toilet.

·         Lick your mouth when need it, do not have to use a napkin

·         It is OK to put a knife into your mouth.

·         You can start eating as soon as you are served. You do not have to wait for the others to be served

·         You can make unpleasant noises when you are at home (belching - grganie, farting-prdenie, sipping, smacking)

·         When you eat rolls, tear off a piece of it and then spread butter on it. Do not take a whole piece of a bread roll

 

Revision from 11th-12th October - Talk about Mood Food using the epressions below and Yes!book the topic  FOOD - Vocabulary on 93-94

• daily life makes us feel tired, stressed, or depressed
• alternative therapies
• food contain substances which affect how you think and feel
• food high in carbohydrates - pasta and creamy sauce
• be on a diet
• make us feel awake and focused
• food rich in proteins - meat
• food low/lower in proteins , e.g. white-flour bread, rolls
• a secret weapon in the fight against crime
• late-night violence
• nightclub owners came up with a solution
• a reduction in vilent incidents
• the brain releases feel-good chemicals caleed endorphines
• chocolate  can help stoplate-night tiredness
• a powerful mood changer
•  
•  Please check the following PPT presentation concerning the final exam topic FAMILY 01_FAMILY.ppt
•  Pls, learn the following text about families
•  Written homework - 1.  pick one member of your family and characterize him of her in detail based on DESCRIBING PEOPLE (appearance)  on page 19 + personality adjectives + the copy My Uncle Joe

             2.  based on TASK B on page 16 in your YES!book write and learn about your family in detail.

             3. You should be able to talk about your family for 3 minutes. You will give your talks on Friday 27th October

Please, divide your essays into paragraphs - introduction, body, conclusion.

MY FAMILY                                         

I Introduction     - What comes to  mind when you hear the word “family”?

II Body       - What kind is your family? Describe a functioning family.

                   - What kind of parents do you have? How well do you get on with them?

                   - How do you share housework in your family?           

                    - Characterize a family member - his/her character and character traits

                      and describe his/her physical  appearance.

                      Write  a little bit about  his/her past life,  your relation to him/her,

                      your opinion of him/her, and his/her current life

III Conclusion    - Are you happy with your family?

 

LEARN THESE EXPRESSIONS:

make beds (ustlať postele), hang the clothes on the washing line (zavesiť bielizeň na šnúru)

working in the garden: sow seeds (posiať semená), plant (sadiť) flowers/bushes/trees, weed the flowerbeds (poliať kvetinové záhony), cut the grass (kosiť trávu), mow the lawn (pokosiť trávnik kosačkou)

other activities: doing the shopping, picking up children from school, cooking, walking the dog, feeding pets, fixing broken things (opravovať pokazené veci) 

FAMILY

• Name, age, date of birth, address, marital status, weekdays (daily routine) and weekends, important moments in your life
• Members of your family (appearance –výzor, character, hobbies), housework
• your perfect partner, your vision of your own family
• Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?

A family usually consists of (pozostáva z) a mother, father and their children (siblings (súrodenci) – brother, sister), and grandparents (grandfather and grandmother) who live together in one home. They are members of an immediate family (najbližšia rodina). But a family doesn’t consist just of our immediate family. We have cousins, uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, mothers-in-law, fathers-in-law, sisters-in-law, brothers-in-law, who are members of our extended family (širšie príbuzenstvo).

A functioning family should provide protection (ochrana), education, help and security (bezpečnosť) to all its members. Strong relationships (vzťahy) are often created between siblings (súrodenci), cousins, parents, aunts, uncles, grandparents and other relatives (príbuzní).

All family members have some duties (povinnosti) and responsibilities (zodpovednosti). Parents should teach their children what is good and bad, how to solve problems (riešiť problem) in life, how to become an independent (nezávislý) person and care about (starať sa o koho) others. Democratic parents talk with their children and respect them. Strict parents (prísni rodičia) do not make compromises, which often creates a generation gap (generačná priepasť/rozdiel) between them and their own children. The main duty of children is learning and going to school. They should also help their parents with housework (domáce práce). (I do the shopping, I do the washing up, I tidy up my room, I take out the trash; my mum cooks, washes and dries the dishes, hoovers the floor, clears the table, sets the table, does the washing/washes the clothes, takes the dog for a walk; my father is responsible for feeding the dog, washing the windows, shoveling the snow (odhadzovanie snehu), washing the car, cleaning the toilet and bathroom; my sister’s duty is (povinnosťou mojej sestry je) to dust the furniture (utierať prach z nábytku), to hang out (vyvesiť) the clothes/washing, to put away books, to make her bed, to water the flowers, to watch my little brother (dávať pozor na malého brata) and sometimes she goes shopping with me and my mum.

Modern European families are monogamous (monogamné) most of young people get married (sa vydáva/žení) in their late twenties or early thirties. Many young people live together in the same home but are not a husband and wife. This is called cohabitation (spolužitie “na divoko”). Older generations think this is not correct.

The wedding (svadba) is a formal act and it takes place in a town hall (radnica) or in a church (kostol). The engaged couple(snúbenecký pár) exchange their wedding rings (obrúčky) and promise themselves (sľúbiť si navzájom) to live together in good and bad and in illness too. Nowadays, many couples are divorced (rozvedené). Their frequent reasons for a divorce are problems with trust (dôvera), money, living with parents and parents-in-law, alcohol, drugs, gambling (gamblerstvo) and unemployement (nezamestnanosť).

When one of the parents dies, children stay with a single parent (jediný rodič). A woman who loses (stratí) her husband (manžel) is called a widow (vdova) and a man is called a widower (vdovec). When they get married again, the new parents are called step- parents (nevlastní rodičia) and their children are step-sisters and step-brothers. Sometimes, divorced parents get married once again. Bad relationships with new step-parents lead to (viesť k niečomu) problems and frequent arguments(časté hádky).

Family life is different all around the world. In Slovakia many families meet together for special days, such as on birthdays, at weddings, feasts (hody/hostiny) and funerals (pohreby), graduation ceremonies (promócie). A family, a real home and relatives (príbuzní) are what we need for life. They always help us when we need them.

• Biography, address, date of birth, marital status (single-slobodný, married- ženatý/vydatá, divorced-rozvedený/á, widow-vdova, widower, single mother – slobodná matka, single parent family, bachelor [bečlr](starý mládenec), spinster (stará dievka), boy/girlfriend, fiancé (snúbenec) [fionsei] – man you plan to marry/fiancée – woman you plan to marry, engagement – zásnuby, engagement ring, to be engaged – byť zasnúbený, wedding – svadba, bridegroom –ženích, bride – nevesta, wedding ceremony, honey moon – svadobná cesta, marriage – manželstvo, orphan – sirota, husband, wife, parents, mother, father); nuclear family – people you live with (najbližšia rodina, mother, father, siblings), step (nevlastná)- mother, brother, sister, mother-in-law (svokra) ; extended family – all your relatives (príbuzní) – cousin, uncle, aunt, grandparents,
• Important moments in your life (birth of your brother or sister, wedding anniversaries of your grandparents and parents, your birthday, family celebrations and holidays, moving from one place to another, the day when I went to school for the first time, the day when I learned that I had passed the talent exams and was accepted at the secondary school of arts, the day when I met my boyfriend/girlfriend, etc.)
• Members of your family – appearance (výzor), character (vlastnosti, charakter), hobbies. O najbližšej rodine vedieť a aspoň nejakého bratranca, prípadne uja, tetu), describe your family tree (rodostrom)
• Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?
• Family relations –celebrations (oslavy, sviatky, narodeniny, Vianoce, Veľká Noc when all members of your family get together), your daily routine – weekday, weekend (čo robíš cez deň, čo cez víkendy – pozor, prítomný jednoduchý čas, dej sa opakuje) (I wake up/get up at 6.oo o’clock, make my bed, clean my teeth, wash my face, have a shower, get dressed, comb my hair, have breakfast, put on my coat, leave home  at 7.00, I go to school by bus, my mum takes me to school, it takes me about 30 minutes to get to school, my lessons start at... and usually finish at, I have/do not have lunch at school canteen, I come back home/get home at..., I have a rest, have something for my lunch, do my homework, help my mother, watch TV, draw, paint, prepare for school, revise for my exams, go out with my friends, read a book, listen to the music, have a bath, go to bed.
• Generation gap (medzigeneračné rozdiely) – do your parents understand your problems, do they help you with them, do you talk to them about common things and about your relationships with your friends? Are they strict?
• How do you help your parents – house chores (domáce práce) ( I do the washing up, I go shopping, I walk my dog, take out the rubbish, I do the hoovering, every day I make my bed, on Sundays I usually tidy up my room / clear up the mess in my room, I play with my younger sister, etc.) Ako sú rozdelené domáce práce, kto čo robí
• Typical Slovak family, compare (porovnaj) your family life with family life in other countries (napr. In China  they have a single child policy; in less developed countries – all members of a family usually live together, in developed countries – when children grow up, they tend to move and live on their own.
• Slovakia - typical Slovak family is a complete family (úplná rodina) with 2 children, often one of the parents is unemployed (nezamestnaný). They live in a family house in a village together with grandparents or they live in a town in a three-room flat or four-room flat in a housing estate (na sídlisku). Mother works in an office or in a shop and father is a driver or worker. They go on holiday once a year, usually to Croatia. But the number (počet) of incomplete (neúplných) families has increased (vzrástol), there are a lot of single parent families – usually mother and one child. There are a lot of divorces. People get divorced because they have problems with money, trust (dôvera), one of the partners has a love affair, they don’t understand each other, they have different interests, a husband is drug addict or alcoholic or gambler (hazardný hráč), they don’t love each other anymore. Families in towns do not live together, in villages it is common that 3 generations live together – grandparents, parents and their children, in Slovakia you can get married when you are 18, but in case there is a serious reason (e.g. pregnancy – tehotenstvo) you might get permission to get married starting with the age of 16. You can have a civil or churchwedding ceremony.
• Great Britain – children live with their parents until they finish their schools, but then they move and live on their own. A lot of families consist of one parent; there are lots of single-parent families. People often get divorced and get married again. Children often visit their parents at weekends, they go on holiday together and they spend Christmas together.
• The USA - children live with their parents until they finish their studies, but then they move and live on their own. They often live far away (veľmi ďaleko) from their parents, sometimes in a different state. Families usually get together on special days and occasions. They meet on Thanksgiving Day and eat roast turkey and vegetables. They have fun, they talk together and have family celebration. Families also meet at Christmas.
• Orphan – a child whose parents are dead, an orphan lives in an orphanage or a foster home, it is difficult to adopt children in our society, you have to fill in a lot of forms and they (the authorities) check your family, living conditions, income.

Otázky: 1. What does family mean to you?

2. What are the functions of a family?
3. What are the main roles of children and parents in a family?
4. What is cohabitation?
5. Why do people get divorced?
6. When does your family usually get together?
7. Describe your mother (appearance, character, hobbies)
8. Who are you closest to in your family and why? (kto ti je najbližší v rodine a prečo)
9. Make the pairs from the following words. Example: mother-father

Mother, brother, mother-in-law, aunt, niece, grandfather, daughter, sister-in-law, husband, father, sister, uncle, nephew, father-in-law, grandmother, wife, son, brother-in-law

10. What do you think, what are the qualities of an ideal father and mother? Use the phrases and vocabulary below to help you.

I think that an ideal father/mother should/shouldn’t be ……. (friendly, democratic, liberal, strict, helpful, reliable, emphatic, responsible)

In my opinion ideal parents should/shouldn’t…. (listen to their children, talk to their children, make compromises, solve their children’s problems, buy their children what they want, spend weekends with their children, punish their children)

Describing people – their appearance (opis ľudí – ich zovňajšok) How do they look like? 11. Describe 2 members of your family:

Age: young; middle-aged (v strednom veku); older; elderly (postarší), he is in his ealy 30s (má asi do 35 rokov), she is in her mid 30s (má asi 35 orkov); they are in their late 30s (majú takmer 40 rokov); he is retired (je na dôchodku)

Figure – build (postava): slim (štíhly); skinny (vychudnutý), thin (tenký, chudý), he is of medium build (je strednej postavy- ani chudý, ani tučný); he is well-built (je urastený); plump (bacuľatý); fat (tučný); overweight (obézny)

Height (výška): small, tall, short; he is of medium height (je strednej výšky)

Face (tvár): thin, chubby (bucľatý), round (okrúhla; oval (oválna) square (štvorcová); sun-tanned (opálená); pale (bledý), full lips (plné pery); thin lips; long/straight/turned up (vyvrátený) nose.

Skin (pleť): dark (snedý, tmavý), fair (svetlý).

Hair: long/short/straight (rovné)/curly (kučeravé) / wavy (vlnité); fringe (ofina), ponytail (vrkoč), spiky (na ježka), he is bald (on je plešatý), highlighted (melírované); dyed (farbené), blond, dark, fair (plavý, svetlý), grey, red, white.

Clothes: he/she usually wears casual (neformálne), smart (elegantné), fashionable (módne), old-fashioned (staromódne), conservative, elegant, comfortable (pohodlné), scruffy (rozgajdané) clothes, he/she is always neat (upravený);

Other features (iné znaky/črty): He wears glasses (nosí okuliare). He is scarred (je zjazvený). She has freckles (má pehy), he has a beard (bradu), moustache (fúzy), wrinkles (vrásky), he is unshaven (je neooholený).

 

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