Pls, contact me in need: pastirikova.gma@gmail.com

Find enclosed copy of YES B1 book for further reference yes-b1.pdf.

SKVELÝ SLOVNÍK s výslovnosťou

http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/

HOMEWORK 

People and NaturePEOPLE AND NATURE YES!book 178-184 + below

The ENVIRONMENT [ɪnˈvairənmənt] (životné prostredie) means the surroundings (prostredie, okolie) in which people, animals and plants grow and exist. The branch (vedný odbor) of biology that studies the relationships between animals, plants and humans (ľuďmi) and their environment is called ECOLOGY.

The main ecological problems

Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, we are facing (čelíme) various ecological problems.

1.      climate changes-global warming, e.g. the polar icecaps are melting, so sea levels around the world are rising and scientists predict that some seaside areas will disappear under the sea in the future

2.      weather-related disasters: floods, tsunami, earthquakes, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, avalanches...

3.      deforestation: destruction of/cutting down the tropical rainforests, especially in South and Central American countries like Brazil and Costa Rica

4.      pollution: air/soil/water pollution: the ozone hole, acid rain, greenhouse effect, chemicals and harmful emissions

The air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil we plant our foods in are all polluted (air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution). We produce a large number of dangerous chemicals (chemikálií) that endanger (ohrozujú) all life. We produce huge  amounts (množstvá) of CARBON DIOXIDE (kysličník uhličitý – CO2). Plastics technologies destroys the ozone layer (ozónovú vrstvu) which surrounds (obklopuje) and protect our planed from the dangerous UV (ultraviolet) sunrays/sunbeams (slnečnými lúčmi). The ultraviolet radiation (UV) of the sun can cause skin cancer. Acid rain is caused by (zapríčinený) chemical SO2 (sulphur dioxide) from factories and exhaust fumes (výfukových plynov) which is mixed in the air with water from clouds and creates H2SO3 (sulphuric acid). It is dangerous and poisonous because it is an acid and it damages buildings, kills trees, plankton and pollutes the soil.

All pollution is caused by chemicals which get into our water, soil and air. These chemicals are not just from factories but from products we use daily (denne), things such as laundry detergents/washing powders (pracie prášky), used to wash our clothes and pesticides and fertilizers (hnojivá) used to grow our food. The cars we use every day produce exhaust fumes which pollute our air, and the waste (odpad) and rubbish (smetie), for example packaging (obaly), paper, old bottles, plastic bottles and cans, we produce is either (buď) buried (zakopaný), polluting the soil, or (alebo) burned (spálený), polluting the air. All these chemicals get into the atmosphere or leak (preniknú, presiaknu) into the soil and pollute our water.

5. the disappearance of many animal and plant species;

6. many plant and animal species are in danger (endangered) of extinction and have to be protected in national parks, zoos, botanical gardens and game reserves. Nowadays, the existence of some plants and animals is in danger. The Red List of Threatened Species (zoznam ohrozených druhov) created in 1963 is a list of species that are in danger of the extinction (vyhynutia). There are many world-wide organizations for example World Wildlife Fund that try to protect endangered (ohrozené) animals and plants. Threatened animals are elephants, tigers,pandas, rhinos, whales, corals, great apes, marine turtles, polar bears, snow leopards, dolphins. In Slovakia chamois (šaemoa - kamzík), marmot (svišť) and lynx (rys), from plant species the most endangered is edelweiss (plesnivec)

A lot of animals do not live in the wild, they live only in ZOOs. In the ZOO we can find animals that do not normally live in our country or are protected and endangered, there are cages (klietky) with monkeys, parrots, flamingos (plameniaky), chamoises (kamzíky), linxes (rysmi), lions, tigers, crocodiles, turtles, spiders and many other. In our ZOO, there is also a DINO PARK where visitors can see dinosaurs made of plastic and rubber and listen to the sounds they make.  

THINK GLOBALLY, ACT LOCALLY

What can you personally do to protect the environment?

·         save water - have a shower rather than a bath; make sure that the water isn't left dripping

·         save energy - switch off the light when leaving, use LED lights, turn off your computer and other electrical equipment, when not in use and save on electricity

·      eat less beef and rice, livestock farming (chov dobytka) and rice growing (pestovanie ryže) are both major sources of methane production

·      bring your own bag or basket to the store

·      leftover food (zvyšky jedál) and vegetable and fruit peels (šupky zo zeleniny a ovocia) should be recycled - composted if possible; compost kitchen garbage

·      buy things that have less packaging and are recyclable

·      not to buy products with phosphates (detergents, washing powder)

·      not to use many fertilizers and pesticides in the garden

·      throw your chewing gum in the waste bin, not in the street

·      buy products CFCs free, e.g. deodorants without chlorofluorocarbons

·      put litter only into litter bins

·      not to be noisy in the woods, not to pick flowers and branches

·      use public transport (cars are the main pollutants), ride a bike

·      contact people who are "green", join them and help them with organising events aimed at protecting nature, e.g. plant trees, clean lakes and rivers

·      REDUCE. Reduce your usage of disposable/one-time-use items (jednorazové výrobky) and reduce the amount of solid waste (množstvo tuhého odpadu).

·      RECYCLE. Sort out waste - recycle glass; plastics: plastic bottles and plastic packaging; paper, metals.

·      REUSE. Recycled materials can be reused, e.g. recycled material from plastic bottles is used for making door mats.

 

USEFUL VOCABULARY

waste - odpad

spread - rozširovať

groundwater- spodná voda

leak into - presakovať

seep into - vsakovať

trash - haraburdy, odpad

discharge into - vypustiť, vylievať

dispose of sth - likvidovať, zbaviť sa

landfill area - verejná skládka odpadu

sawage – kanalizačné splašky

SEASONS AND WEATHER

Spring begins on the 21st March. The weather is clear and sunny but the temperature almost never arises to more than twenty degrees. Nature begins to awake from a long winter sleep, nights get shorter and days get longer. Woods and first flowers appear: snowdrops, dandelions, daffodils, forget-me-nots, violets and many more.

 

June 21st is the date when summer begins. Schoolchildren have two months holidays and a lot of people set on journeys and take holidays. The temperature rises to 25 degrees and more, sky is clear and bright, there is a lot of sunshine, no wind blows and sometimes we suffer from a heat, which means the weather is sultry, hot and dry. Summer rains often come in the form of a storm. Then there is a crash of thunder and a flash of lighting and a heavy downpour. Occasionally it starts hailing or there is a cloudburst, but when the storm dies down, a rainbow may appear in the sky.

 

Autumn is usually colder than summer with foggy mornings. It starts on the 23rd September. We can still enjoy a few fine days of Indian summer. It is the most rainy season and the nature is preparing for the winter. It is the time of harvest gathering fruit like apples and pears. The leaves of maples, beeches, birches, oaks and ashes are changing to red, yellow, orange or brown.

 

After autumn usually comes winter, the coldest season of the year on 21st December - winter. Everything is covered by snow and ice, animals and plants are hibernating, Children enjoy throwing snowballs, sledging, sliding and skating on frozen lakes. The temperature sometimes drops to 20 degrees Celsius below zero. The hands get numb and stiff, fingers tingle with cold and we sometimes suffer from frostbite. The roads become icy and slippery, which make driving hazardous.

 

FLORA  AND FAUNA  ADAPTATION TO THE CLIMATE

 

FLORA

Plants are adapted to the climate. Trees in rainforests have broad leaves so that the heavy rain run off the leaves easily. The large leaves help the plants not to overheat.

Cactuses due to tiny spines reduce transpiration to almost nothing so they store water and adapt to the dry climates.

Coniferous plants also have small spiky leaves so that they don't lose too much water during the frozen winters.

Plants affected by strong winds have thicker stems to streghten and prevent themselves from being blown over.

 

FAUNA

Many animals are adapted to the weather in the local climate. Animals living in the coldest parts of the world, such as seals and polar bears, have thick layers of fat under their skin to protect them from the cold. Polar bears have hair on their feet to help them keep footing on slippery ice.

Brown bears hibernate during the coldest part of the year, living off stored fat and water to survive.

Toads do the same during periods of drought, lying in the mud until the next rains.

Many animals migrate to breeding areas to escape starvation during the winter season when food is harder to find, e.g. swallow.

In hot places, animals can often store water in their bodies such as camels. Nocturnal animals come out only at night to hunt and feet. Nights are a little bit colder.

 

VOCABULARY

Spine – pichliač

stem - stopka

hibernate – prezimovať

starvation – vyhladovanie

coniferous – ihličnatý

hair – srsť

drought – sucho

nocturnal - nočný

 

The Environment, People and Nature

• What is an ecosystem?

An ecosystem is a group of living things and the whole place where they live. They all live together and need each other. For example, one kind of ecosystem is a desert. It has special plants that can live only there, lizards, snakes, vultures, and special insects.

• Are there any environmental problems in your region? What are they caused by?

Yes, there are some problems. The main problem is ... [water pollution/air pollution, etc.] There are many factories in my region, and many people ... [drive cars/burn coal, etc.]

• Are you aware of any global environmental issues? Which is most serious and why?

Yes, I know a bit about global warming. This is a very serious problem. Most scientists agree that it could seriously harm our lives, unless we stop it. Glaciers and polar ice are melting, rain forests are dying, and farms are turning into desert.

• Tell me a bit more about global warming. What is it?

This is the general increase in air and water temperatures around the world. It’s normal for temperatures to sometimes be cooler for many hundreds of years, and then sometimes to be warmer. But this time, humans have caused the increase, with carbon from cars and factories.

• What is the Greenhouse Effect? What is it caused by?

The Greenhouse Effect is when the air or atmosphere gets too hot. Air warmed by the sun gets trapped close to the ground. It can’t escape. It is caused by too much carbon in the air, from factories, electricity plants, and cars.

• What is the ozone layer and what is its function?

The ozone layer protects us from the harmful rays of the sun. It is in the atmosphere and surrounds the Earth like a clear blanket.

• Now there is a hole in the ozone layer. How did it get there? Is it dangerous?

I don’t think scientists are sure how it got there. They only think that maybe too much carbon has destroyed part of it. It is very dangerous for us because it lets the strong sunlight through to the Earth’s surface. This can cause cancer in humans.

• Why is it dangerous to cut down the rainforests?

This is dangerous for many reasons. We need the oxygen that comes from rainforests. Rainforests are the homes of many insects, plants, and animals that we need for medicine and other reasons. Rainforests help catch water and give it back to the Earth in the form of clouds, which bring us water. The roots of trees and plants in the rainforest keep water and soil in place; without the rainforest, there are many problems like floods and mudslides.

• What types of extreme weather have you been in? Is it connected with environmental problems?

I’ve seen/been in/ a flood in ... [place, year]. It was scary – water came down our street like it was a river. ... There was a lot of wind damage in our town in [year/month] when there was a [tornado/hurricane/gale-force wind]. Extreme weather is a part of nature but I don’t think / and I do think / it is connected with environmental problems because ...

• Which chemicals or chemical products do you use at home? Are they harmful to the environment?

Well, we have a refrigerator, of course. It contains the gas called “freon,” which is very harmful to the atmosphere. We also have some things for cleaning, which contain strong chemicals.

• How can you tell that a product you buy is ‘environmentally friendly’?

I can look on the package and see if it has the symbols for this: information on how to recycle the package, whether the product uses some recycled materials, and so on. I can read about different products on the internet, and find out where I can buy recycled things like ink cartridges for my printer.

• What can you do to help our environment as a single individual?

There are many ways I can help the environment: I can use special light bulbs, turn off the tv or radio when I’m not really paying attention to it, and put my computer on stand-by mode, all to save electricity. I can ride my bike or walk instead of taking the car or the bus, to save petrol. And I can recycle all my paper, glass, and plastic.

• What is the difference between ‘recycled,’ ‘recycling,’ and ‘recyclable’?

“Recycled” means that some or all of the materials in something have been cleaned and can be used again – for example, a glass bottle. “Recycling” is the activity of not throwing something into the garbage, but putting it into a special bin where it will be taken away and used again.

“Recyclable” means it’s possible to be used again, but it’s up to me to put it into the recycling bin for this.

• What are some types of alternative energy? Which do you like best, and why?

There is nuclear energy, water and steam power for electricity, solar energy from the sun, and wind power. Some cars can run on alternative energy like electricity or hydrogen....

12_PEOPLE_AND_NATURE.ppt

spoznámkovať naučiť

LEARN 3Rs https://www.veolia.co.uk/nottinghamshire/recycling/recycling/3rs-reduce-reuse-and-recycle

3Rs - Reduce, Reuse and Recycle

We cannot stop waste production entirely, but everyone can make a significant contribution. Think before you bin! It saves energy and natural resources, helps to reduce pollution and reduces the need for landfill.

The 'Reduce', 'Reuse' and 'Recycle' elements are referred to as the '3 R's'

If items cannot be reused or recycled,  it is sometimes possible to recover the energy that they contain through a waste treatment process.
At Home

Reduce

• Avoid giving presents with much packaging
• Consider using doorstep delivery services for organic vegetables, milk and other fresh produce - goods often come in little or returnable packaging
• Buy solar-powered items such as pocket calculators and watches.
• Choose products that can use mains power rather than batteries. Use rechargeable batteries when appropriate.
• Consider growing your own vegetables - many varieties can be grown in small gardens.

Reuse

• Donate (Pass someone who need it) unwanted furniture and appliances
• Reuse your household packaging
• Repair broken items rather than buy new ones
• Take old carrier bags to the shop with you to use again or use them as bin liners
• Scrap paper (šmirák) can be used both sides, for children's drawings, shopping lists
• Reuse containers like margarine tubs for storage of nails or colouring pencils
• Donate unwanted clothing and small household items to charity shops
• Reuse items wherever possible. For example yoghurt pots are ideal for growing seeds, swap magazines with friends, or give them to surgeries for waiting rooms.

Recycle

• If you can, compost your garden waste and vegetable peelings
• Use local recycling facilities such as glass bottle banks, plastic bottle banks, can banks, shoe banks, textile banks etc.

Shopping

Shopping provides many opportunities for using your influence as a consumer to purchase low-waste products. 

Reduce

• If you are buying a computer, enquire (zistí si ) whether it can be upgraded easily. You will only need new components rather than a completely new computer
• Buy concentrated products or products sold in refill packs (náhradné ekologické balenie) such as detergents, fabric conditioner, household cleaners and herbs and spices
• Avoid buying lots of different cleaning products which are designed for different purposes, choose one multi-purpose cleaner instead
• Avoid buying mini portions of food such as cereals, jam and coffee on a regular basis
• Use crates (prepravka) to take home your shopping, or support 'bags for life' scheme
• Buy re-useable products instead of disposable (jednorazové)  ones, like rechargeable batteries, plastic picnic tableware instead of paper ones.

Reuse

• Buy products made from recycled materials e.g. toilet/kitchen rolls
•  Take your reusable bags with you to the shops.

Recycle

• Choose products that come in packaging which you know can be recycled.

Young Families

Reduce

• Consider using real nappies rather then disposable ones. It cuts down on waste and can save money too

Reuse

• For babies, consider buying good quality, second-hand clothing and baby equipment
• Donate or loan unwanted baby equipment.

At work

There are many ways you can help your employer or business save money on waste disposal costs.

Reduce

• Pack your lunch in a reusable box rather than foil or cling film (fólia)
• Avoid wasting paper and other materials - use only what you really need
• Encourage your company to adopt waste reduction techniques throughout the organisation
• Share memos, journals and other publications rather than everyone having their own copy. Make better use of notice boards for shared information
• Avoid using paper when a phone call, e-mail or personal visit might do instead
• Only print or photocopy when really necessary - use the double-sided

Reuse

• Choose refillable items (repasované) such as printer cartridges
• Reuse folders (zakladače, odkladače) rather then order new ones
• Use scrap paper to take notes and messages.

Recycle

• Recycle toner cartridges
• Purchase recycled and low waste products.
• Recycle cans, plastic and glass bottles, paper, card, etc.

In your garden

Gardeners are very good at finding all kinds of new uses for items that might otherwise end up in the bin. Here are some suggestions:

Reduce

• Remember to compost your garden, vegetable peelings and kitchen waste
• Only grow what you need.

Reuse

• Empty, cut-down mineral water bottles can be used as mini 'green houses' for young plants
• Old carpets, cardboard, newspapers and lawn mowings  make excellent mulch
• Use old wood and pallets to build your own compost bin.

Recycle

• At the garden centre look for products that are made from recycled materials such as plant pots, containers and garden benches made from recycled plastic, recycled paper liners for hanging baskets and compost and soil conditioners made from recycled organic materials

EIGHT COMMON INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhTcuUvLGOE

CV

https://europass.cedefop.europa.eu/editors/en/cv/compose

Deadline CV and COVER letter: 27th APRIL 2018.

YES!book 60-62 + vocabulary 65-66

REVISE EDUCATION , GIVING A PRESENTATION ABOUT OUR SCHOOL

JOBS

Write a COVER LETTER as a response to the advertisement.

GRAPHIC DESIGN SPECIALIST

SMG, the leader in privately managed public assembly facilities, has an excellent and immediate opening for Graphic Design Specialist for SMG managed PA Convention Center. The Graphic Design Specialist will provide support to the operation, integrity and security of the Digital Signage Systems for Show Management, Event Management, and Marketing. The specialist will assist with web and print materials as well.

Essential Duties and Responsibilities
 

• Create and design content for the Center's digital signage inventory. Work closely with clients and sponsors to convey messaging in a creative and innovative manner.
• Assist in the development and graphic design of high quality marketing, advertising and collateral materials (including traditional print materials) for web-based promotional materials.
• Design projects included but not limited to direct mail (flyers, postcards, brochures, self-mailers and invitations), newspaper ads, creative Pennsylvania Convention Center publications, e-mail marketing components, internet (banners, pop-ups and other design elements), sponsorship elements, promotional items and internal communication pieces.
• Assist in managing creative materials for ad campaigns and venue marketing.
• Assist with inventory control of all equipment.
• Responsible for website graphic art maintenance
• Serve as a checkpoint with Communications Manager regarding logo usage, graphic standards etc.
• Produce independent design projects as assigned
• Assists with public relations and press-related functions
• Assists with development and production of promotional and collateral materials
• Assist with general administrative duties as necessary.
• Performs other duties as assigned by IT Manager.

 

Qualifications

To perform this job successfully, an individual must be able to perform each essential duty satisfactorily. The requirements listed below are representative of the knowledge, skill, and/or ability required. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.

Education and/or Experience

Bachelors' degree preferred in Graphic Arts, Advertising, Marketing or related field and a minimum of 1-year experience in graphic/web design projects or equivalent combinations of education and experience.

Skills and Abilities
 

• Demonstrate excellent technical problem-solving, creativity, organization and learning skills.
• Work independently, exercising judgment and initiative.
• Experience with print production and graphic design.
• Demonstrate knowledge and experience in web design, content management, basic print production process and how it affects design.
• Display knowledge and techniques in Microsoft Office products, Adobe Creative Suite CC (Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, Acrobat, After Effects), HTML and other related software. Additional experience with Video Editing software helpful.
• Ability to multi-task under extreme deadline pressure in a fast-paced environment.
• Maintain an effective working relationship with clients, employees, exhibitors, patrons and others encountered in the course of employment.
• Ability to work flexible hours based on events, including daytime, evening, weekends and holidays as needed.

 

Physical Demands

The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
While performing the duties of this job, the employee is regularly required to move around the facility; to stand for long hours during events; talk and hear. This position may require work inside or outside of the building, as needed by events.

Hours of Work and Travel Requirements

This position will generally work standard business hours, but the candidate may be required to work off-schedule hours including holidays and weekends.

Note
The essential responsibilities of this position are described under the headings above. They may be subject to change at any time due to reasonable accommodation or other reasons. Also, this document in no way states or implies that these are the only duties to be performed by the employee occupying this position.

Applicants that need reasonable accommodations to complete the application process may contact- 1-800-428-9000

SMG is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer, and encourages Women, Minorities, Individuals with Disabilities, and protected Veterans to apply. VEVRAA Federal Contractor.

Equal Opportunity Employer Minorities/Women/Protected Veterans/Disabled

 

http://10_JOBS.ppt

http://9.Jobs_and_employement.docx

9. JOBS AND EMPLOYEMENT B2

Work (or our occupation – zamestnanie) plays an important role in our lives. This way we do not only earn (zarábame) money but also find our place in society, spend time with other people and feel useful. Choosing one’s job can be difficult and it can take time to make a final decision (konečné rozhodnutie) and choose the job we would like to do.

                The economically active population (obyvateľstvo) includes people who are willing and able to work and people who search for work (ktorí si hľadajú prácu) – the unemployed (nezamestnaní). The first group includes self-employed people (živnostníkov) and employees (zamestnancov). The economically inactive people are those under 18, students, the retired (dôchodcovia), the disabled (zdravotne postihnutí), the sick (chorí) or those who do not wish or are unable to work.

                Employement (zamestnanie) is a contract (zmluvný vzťah) between an employer and an employee. The employer (zamestnávateľ) is a person who hires (si najíma) employees. It can also be an institution. The employee receives wage (mzdu) or salary (plat) for his/her work.

                In large organizations the personnel selection (výber personálu) is organized by the Human Resources Department (oddelením ľudských zdrojov). The available positions are usually published in the newspapers or on the internet. The candidates send the job application (žiadosť o zamestnanie) and their CV (životopis), together with a motivation letter (motivačný list). Their CV should include personal data and details (podrobnosti) about their education, skills and work experience (pracovné skúsenosti). The ones who are chosen are invited to an interview (pohovor). At an interview they usually answer questions, describe (opíšu) their motivation and expectations (očakávania). It is important to prepare for the interview, find information about the company, answer clearly (zrozumiteľne) and stay calm (zostať pokojný). If a candidate succeeds [səksíds](uspeje, he or she is given an official offer of employement (oficiálnu ponuku na prácu) with a defined starting salary (so stanoveným nástupným platom), position, medical benefits (nemocenskými dávkami) and vacation days (voľnými dňami, dovolenkou). Employees can be hired to work full-time (na plný úväzok) or part-time (na polovičný úväzok) and have a permanent contract (zmluvu na dobu neurčitú) or part-time contract (zmluvu na dobu určitú). They are organized into trade unions (odborov) which protest in case the employees are unhappy with low wages or few benefits.

                The working time (pracovný čas) in Europe varies between 33 and 41 hours a week. In Slovakia, the working time is 40 hours a week (8 hours a day). However, there are jobs where people work long hours (dlho). Majority of people work regular hours, it means from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Shift work (práca na smeny) describes regular employment outside the normal daytime hours and is typical for healthcare services (zdravotníctvo) (doctors, nurses, ambulance drivers,), firefighters, policemen and production (workers in car companies) and transport (dopravu) (truck drivers). In Slovakia, people in general start to work at 8.00 and finish at 4-5 p.m. They normally have a lunch break at lunch time. Some people have flexible working time, which means they can work at different times or work from home. New technologies, especially the Internet have enabled people to work from home. In Britain people start work at 9 o’clock and finish at 5.30 (half past five).

                When a child is born to a couple (páru), it is usually the mother who takes maternity leave (kto ide na materskú dovolenku). In Slovakia it takes three years. The maternity pay is very low. When the child grows a little and is able to attend a nursery school (jasle), the mother often goes back to work. She has responsibility for childcare (starostlivosť o deti) and the household (domácnosť), so flexible working time is very convenient for her (je pre ňu veľmi vhodný). Many families cannot afford this (si to nemôžu dovoliť), so women often continue working full time and take care of the child and the household too. It is difficult for every woman to have both a good family life and a successful (úspešnú) career.

                Many people are self-employed and run their own business. They can but do not have to employ other people. People who are not paid wages and work are called volunteers (dobrovoľníci) – they usually work for free in regions in war or regions hit by natural catastrophes.

Choosing a career

When we are young, we don’t think hard about our future job. Most of us want to be rich and famous. As we grow up (ako dospievame), we become wiser (múdrejšími) and realise the importance (umedomujeme si dôležitosť) of choosing our job. We start thinking about what we would like to do and what job would be appropriate (vhodný) for us. It is not easy to choose the right profession, especially at a young age. We need a job that fulfils us (potrebujeme zamestnanie, ktoré nás napĺňa), as well as a job in which we can make enough (dosť) money to cover our living costs (na pokrytie našich nákladov na živobytie). We also have to consider (zvážiť) several factors, such as the type of work, possible promotion (možné povýšenie) and career development (kariérny rast), salary (plat), working hours, travel opportunities, place of work and others. The time to make this final decision is when we study at a secondary school. We decide whether (či) we want to do a manual/physical job, which requires (si vyžaduje) physical powers or a better-paid job that requires more qualifications. Professions like a lawyer, economist, manager, teacher and doctor require college or university education and it takes hard work to get the qualification.

 

Physical and intellectual work

We basically, differentiate (rozlišujeme) between physical and intellectual work. Physical work requires physical powers and manual skills (manuálne zručnosti). Most manual workers work in manufacturing (production) or construct buildings (stavajú budovy). There are many different types of intellectual work. Some professions require detailed knowledge (podrobné znalosti) – scientists, doctors, lawyers [lójrs], accountants (účtovníci), others talent and creativity (artists). There are more and more professions that require communication and organization skills (zručnosti, schopnosti), such as public relations (styk s verejnosťou) managers, interpreters (tlmočníci), teachers, psychoanalysts, sales representatives (obchodní zástupcovia) and others. Nowadays, in most professions it is important to improve (zlepšovať sa) one’s skills and abilities by attending seminars and trainings, reading books or news in their field on the Internet.

                In some occupations (v niektorých zamestnaniach), people have responsibility (zodpovednosť) for other people’s lives (doctors, pilots, drivers). Professions like a policeman, pilot, construction worker and truck driver belong to very dangerous professions because there is a high risk (vysoké riziko) of an injury (zranenia) or an accident (nehody).

               

The labour market (trh práce) in Slovakia has changed a lot in the past decades. More work opportunitites have been created thanks to foreign investors (vďaka zahraničným investorom) coming to the country to set up (založiť) their companies here. A lot of people had to retrain (preškoliť sa). The working conditions, especially the pay and benefits, are still insufficient. The salaries of Slovaks are much lower than the ones in Western Europe.

                In Slovakia it is becoming more and more difficult to get a job. The rate of unemployment (miera nezamestnanosti) varies according to the regions – the Bratislava region has the lowest, while the Eastern Slovak region the highest rate. The most concerned are the young graduates (absolventi) and the people over 50. Many people decide to leave Slovakia and work abroad. They get more money, have better benefits, learn foreign language and gain working experience. In many regions it is common that father works abroad, comes home two times a month and it is the mother who takes care of the household and children.

On the other hand there is a lack of qualified labour force (nedostatok kvalifikovanej pracovnej sily) in some fields, such as car industry, mechanical engineering or building industry. People who are not willing to work are on the dole (sú na podpore v nezamestnanosti).

 

1. Revise EDUCATION and HEALTH, also Giving a presentation by heart
2. Write a letter (200–220 words) to your English penfriend about the school you attend and your student´s life. After introducing it, include:

 po úvode 1 odstavec:

• • the setting you are studying in
• • relationships between teachers and students and their personalities
• • the subjects you are learning
• • testing

Druhý odstavec:

• • extra-curricular activities

Tretí odstavec:

• • two things you like about attending it
• • two things you would like to change and how.

 Záver

                                                                                                      M.C. Sklodowskej 25

                                                                                                 323 04 Bratislava

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bratislava 12^th April 2018

Dear George,

      Thank you for your letter in which you were writing about your school and the way of your student life. In my letter I want to write, also in detail, about my school, schooling and my student´s life.

      The setting you are studying in ... follow everything what to include.

 

 

 

 

      In the end, I think that being a student at our school isn´t the worst thing you could have met in your life.

      I am looking forward to your respose.

 

      Best regards,

 

      XY

Revise the topic HEALTH, human body, lifestyle and prevention. Get ready for your 3-minute talks on Wednesday, April 4th. Topics for talking in case you have lost yours are below School and study.

LEARN THE TOPIC EDUCATION + Yes!book 36 - complete GIVING A PRESENTATION about our school and schooling

http://09_EDUCATION.ppt

http://8.School_and_study.docx

Get ready for your 3-minute talks on Wednesday, April 4th
topics for talking in case you have lost yours:
1. what makes you depressed and how you manage depression?
2. what makes you stressed and how you manage stress? what do you do to overcome it?
3. when did you last time go to the doctor's? Describe your symptoms, talk about seeing the doctor and your recovery.
4. Describe seeing a doctor in Slovakia.
5. Talk about parts of a human body, its layers and senses.
6. talk about common illnesses and their symptoms, curable and incurable illnesses/diseases.
7. talk about coventional (traditional) and alternative ways of treatment.
8. talk about civilizational diseases and disorders.
9. talk about healthy lifestyle. What do you personally do to keep fit and stay healthy? What do you avoid doing/eating/drinking?
10. How does your lifestyle affect your health? Talk about the relation of lifestyle and health in general.
11. What should one do to keep fit and healthy? Talk about preventive healthcare. Talk about healthcare in Slovakia.
12. Talk about young people and their lifestyles in relation to their health. Do you think young people do enough exercise? what negative phenomena, which affect heir health are quite common among the young? describe and talk about them in detail. Try to suggest what they should do to be healthier.
13. Talk about stress and fitness. Suggest what people who have sedentary jobs should do to improve their health. Talk about health issues they might suffer from and the ways to improve their medical conditions.
14.Describe seeing a doctor in Great Britain.

1 Make notes:  TRAVELLING

2 Learn in detail  Health CARE and prepare one dialogue  At the doctor´s (Have a look below).

 

MY BEST STORY ABOUT A HOLIDAY written on an extra paper

TALKING ABOUT VACATION IN ENGLISH

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=oxford+online+english+vacation

+ Health care: Parts of the human body, Stress and Relax, GP

http://08_HEALTH_CARE.ppt

http://6._healthcare.docx

ew final exam topic: TRAVELLING!

watch the video: going on holiday https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9pFeMKZR1I

travel arragements (going on holiday via travel agency) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfG7A3ASblU
staying at the hotel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVtdM-76Mfg

7. Travelling

Reasons (dôvody): People usually travel on business (pracovne) or for pleasure (pre radosť). They go on business trips (služobné cesty), they go on conferences, study stays, or they go on holidays. Students often take a year off (the school) to travel around the world, visit new cities and countries, see sights (pamätihodnosti) and monuments, meet new people, make new friends, and get to know (spoznať) new cultures and meals (jedlá). There are people who go abroad to learn a foreign language. Some people work abroad. In summer students travel to foreign countries to find some summer jobs (brigády). We also travel to visit our relatives (príbuzných) and family and to go to concerts or see some theatre performances, visit museums, exhibitions, and galleries. In Slovakia people usually go on holiday when their children have holidays at school, it means at Christmas, during (počas) the spring holidays and summer holidays.

In summer Slovak people go on holiday to seaside resorts (prímorské letoviská). Our favourite destinations (destinácie) are: Italy, Croatia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, France and Spain. Those who have more money travel to Caribbean (Cuba, Jamaica), America, Australia, Canada, China, India, Bali or Seychelles. Young people go on tours (poznávacie zájazdy). (Activities on holiday - lie on the beach, sunbathe, swim in the sea, go shopping, go to bars and discos, go on sightseeing tour, visit historical monuments/buildings, sights, go to the theatre, go to the cinema, galleries, exhibitions, museums, go on a boat trip, ship cruise – výletná plavba). Some Slovaks spend their holidays in Slovakia, they go camping (chodia stanovať), or hiking/walking (na turistiku) to the mountains or to water parks, to spa resorts (Piešťany with bath mud procedures, Trenčianske Teplice, Smrdáky with healing springs (s liečivými prameňmi).

In winter we go to ski resorts (lyžiarske strediská). Slovaks go to The High Tatras, The Low Tatras, The Little and Great Fatras here in Slovakia or they go to the Czech Republic to Šumava, Jesenníky, Krkonoše, to the Alps in Austria and to France. (Activities - go skiing, snowboarding, cross-country skiing (bežkovať), sledging)

In the past (v minulosti) people had to go everywhere on foot (museli všade chodiť pešo), it took them too long to get from one place to another, the journey was tiring (cesta bola únavná), the roads were in bad condition, they did not have maps. Later, they travelled on horses and in carriages (v kočoch) and coaches (dostavníkoch) pulled by horses. They travelled by land and also on rivers, lakes, seas (by boats and ships).

Now: there are many possibilities. It often depends on money and the length (dĺžke) of journey. For short journeys we usually choose a car and a plane for longer journeys. Some people travel long distances by trains, coaches and buses because it is cheaper than to travel by plane. We can travel by car, train, bus, coach, tube (underground), plane, boat, ship.

In the future there will be more tunnels, more motorways/highways and better infrastructure. We might travel to space on a spaceship and spend our holiday on Mars. Agro tourism and eco tourism are getting more and more popular.

What should you do before you travel? First of all, it is important to decide where to go, find out some information about the resort and the country on the Internet or in a travel guide (cestopis), find out how to get there, what to do and see there. Then it is important to book (zarezervovať) flight/train/travel tickets, accommodation (ubytovanie), arrange holiday insurance (vybaviť poistenie), get vaccinated (dať sa zaočkovať) especially if you go to Africa, Asia or Middle East, ask for vacation at work, check (skontrolovať) whether (či) your passport is valid in case you travel outside European Union. If you travel to USA or some other countries, you need VISA, you get them at the Embassy. So, the last thing you should do is to pack (zblaliť si) your luggage (batožinu). It is important to remember five “Ps” (peniaze – money, pas – passport, pyžamo – a pair of pyjamas, poistenie – insurance, plavky – swimsuit/trunks).

Individual travelling – some people choose to travel alone, not to address travel agency (cestovku). They arrange their travel by themselves, buy their ticket, book their hotel and travel tickets. Sometimes it is cheaper to travel alone than to use a travel agent, especially if you want to visit different places in one country. These people take such travel as an adventure; they find it interesting to travel alone, they meet new people, make new friends, they can travel where they want and stay at one place as long as they want to, they do not have to visit places and sights they do not want to. On the other hand it is more dangerous than group travelling, because you have to take care of yourself, you can be robbed or you can get lost. Therefore it is important to speak at least one foreign language. If you can speak for example English language you can ask for information in most countries, you can ask how to get where you want to go.

Group travelling/Packed holiday (dovolenka, ktorú celú zariaďuje cestovka) – in Slovakia people usually ask travel agencies to arrange their holiday for them. They do not have to worry about anything; the only thing they have to do is to write an email and book a holiday and to pay for it.

Travel agent/agency – a company which arranges your holiday for you (accommodation (ubytovanie) – hotels, motels, hostels, apartments) (catering – bed and breakfast, half board (polopenzia), full board (plná penzia), all inclusive, self catering (bez jedla). In the resort there is usually a travel agency representative (sprievodca, zástupca CK) who works for that agency and he gives you all the information about your stay (o vašom pobyte): accommodation, catering possibilities, programme and trips, basic info about the country, seaside/ski resort, shops and services (bank, post office, phone box, doctors, hospital, emergency services, vet).

Means of transport: car – you need a driving licence, you can get it when you are 18, you need petrol/diesel to run a car, you buy petrol at petrol station, you have to follow certain rules – you cannot drink alcohol, drink-driving and speeding (prekročenie rýchlosti) is fined (pokutované), you cannot use your mobile while driving, you have to pay attention to traffic signs (dopravné značky) and traffic lights (semafory). In Slovakia we drive on the right side of the street, in England they drive on the left side. During the rush hour (počas dopravnej špičky) there are traffic jams (sú dopravné zápchy) and there are many car accidents (dopravné nehody). Sometimes it is difficult to find a free car park/parking place. Car can take you wherever you want. You can take as much luggage/baggage as you want. It is very comfortable, you can stop when you need, you can have a rest and you can sleep in it - caravan. Car fumes pollute the environment and the air (výfukové plyny znečisťujú životné prostredie a ovzdušie).

Bus, coach, train: you need tickets to travel by them (one-way/single ticket (jednosmerný), return ticket (spiatočný), it is cheaper to travel by bus/train than to travel by car. They are more environmentally-friendly than a car, if more people used them, the environment would be less polluted. They are comfortable, you don’t have to pay attention to traffic, on bus/train you can read, listen to music, have a snack (in a snack/bar/dining car – jedálenský vozeň), watch the world passing by, have a conversation, sleep (sleeping car – spací vozeň), but you cannot take too much luggage (batožina).

Tube/Underground (metro) – is only in big cities, takes you whenever you want in a couple of minutes, very fast, no traffic jams (žiadne zápchy), reliable (spoľahlivé)– arrives on time, you need tickets or tokens (žetóny). There is usually very bad air and it is hot in it, it is crowded especially during rush hour, relatively safe but sometimes it is dangerous because there are many thieves/pickpockets/robbers and there have been several terrorist attacks recently.

Plane: very comfortable, fast, suitable (vhodné) for long distances, flight attendants (letušky, steward and stewardess) serve you drinks and meals; you can watch films, read newspapers, sleep. Flight ticket are quite expensive (dosť drahé); you are not allowed to bring sharp things and tools (nástroje), knives, scissors on board (na palubu). When you arrive at the airport you have to go to a “check-in” desk, where they take/drop off your luggage, you show your passport and flight ticket and they give you a boarding card/pass with the number of your seat. Then you go through security check, customs and passport control and you enter a plane through a boarding gate. (take off/depart, landing/arrivals, terminal, non-smoking flights, on a board, shuttle bus, lounge, boarding pass/card, seat by the window/aisle)

Boats/ships/cruise ships – are used for holiday cruises (výletné plavby), you can sleep and eat there – some are like hotels, have shops, bars, restaurants, casinos, swimming pools. It is possible to travel by boats/ships only on sea/rivers/lakes.

Taxi/cab – are cars that take you everywhere you want, quite expensive, in UK – black cabs – the most expensive ones, NY – is known for its yellow taxis.

Bike –  is most environmentally-friendly, no fumes, uses human power, not suitable in bad weather, it does not cost you anything to run it, you do not need any fuel (palivo), suitable for short distances (vhodný na krátke vzdialenosti), as a hobby/sport/form of exercise, cycling tours.

Hitchhike – stopovať, hitchhiking – (stopovanie) – popular among young people and students, costs no money but it is very dangerous

 

HEALTH CARE

6. HEALTH CARE

a) human body

b) common diseases and diseases caused by current lifestyles, injuries, mental and physical conditions, seeing a doctor, at the chemist’s/pharmacy

c) healthy lifestyles, physical and mental hygiene

d) health care (prevention, vaccination)

e) national/public and private health care, health insurance, specialists

More and more people today start to realise that good health means a longer and happier life. That is why they take better care of their health than before.

Most kinds of medicine begin when you’re ill. Preventive medicine begins when you’re well. The idea is very simple. If you make your body strong and healthy, then you won’t become ill. There are three ways to do this. They are: diet, relaxation, exercise. In general, a healthy person does not smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises. The trick to healthy living is making small changes – taking more exercise, adding fruit and vegetables to your diet (strava), adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water, having enough sleep, avoid stress – these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic changes.

For many people, bad health begins with a bad diet. Some eat the wrong kind of food. Others eat too much or too little. It’s not surprising that people like this often become ill. On the other hand, people concerned about their health eat healthier food. They try to eat regularly, avoid eating chips, hamburgers, food in tins and packets. Instead, they try to eat fresh fruit and vegetables, brown bread, fish and white meat and reduce the amount of salt, fat, and sugar.

Modern life is full of pressure and problems. Some people can control these. They sleep well, enjoy life, don’t worry very much and try to avoid stressful situations as much as possible. They know how to relax and that relaxation helps the body to rest and repair itself. Others are the opposite. They sleep badly, don’t enjoy life and worry all the time. People like this are suffering from stress. Stress is a kind of illness itself and it can lead to many others.

Exercise is very important for good health. Without it the body becomes slow and fat. It also becomes weak and less able to fight illness. Unfortunately, modern life makes it very easy to be lazy.

When we are ill, we usually see a doctor (GP – general practitioner). The doctor examines our body, asks about the symptoms and usually prescribes some medication, which is usually available on prescription in a pharmacy. In some cases we need to make an appointment with a specialist. When the illness is too serious to be treated at home, we are taken to hospital and sometimes even undergo surgery.

People who are employed pay their health insurance monthly. They do not need to pay for basic health care and basic medication. When they want extra care or special treatment, they have to pay the extra costs. Some people decide to go to a private health care establishment (zariadenie), usually for surgical interventions, delivery or dental care.

Everybody goes through various diseases during their childhood and adult life. Most of the diseases are not serious and do not take a long time to cure because we have efficient medication against them. Such diseases are flu, tuberculosis, or scarlet fever. However, there are diseases which we have problems to cure or cannot cure at all yet, such as cancer, AIDS or heart attacks (infarkt, srdcový záchvat).

A healthy lifestyle, prevention and personal responsibility for our health can help us avoid possible dangers. Many people care about their health, go to the doctor for check-ups (kontroly), get eye exams done, weigh themselves regularly, get vaccinated and see the dentist twice a year. Others still need to learn that good health means a longer and happier life and that they need to care about themselves.

                Human body consists of a head, neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs. It consists of blood, bones, muscles, skin and inner organs. The most important organs include a heart, lungs, stomach, liver (pečeň) and kidneys (obličky). A head consists of  hair and a face with eyes, ears, nose, mouth, lips, teeth, tongue, cheeks, chin, eyebrows, eyelashes, forehead and moustache or beard in men. An upper limb consists of a shoulder, an arm, an elbow, a wrist, a hand with fingers (index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and a thumb). Trunk consists or chest in men and breasts in women (u žien), back, waist, sex organs and hips (boky). A lower limb consists of a thigh, a knee, a calf (lýtko), a shin (píšťala), an ankle, a foot with toes and a heel.

                When you get ill, for example when you get food poisoning, flu, twisted ankle or cold you should see a doctor. If you want to see GP (general practitioner) you don’t have to make an appointment. If you need to see a specialist (an eye doctor) you have to make an appointment. You wait in the waiting room until the nurse calls your name. At the doctor’s surgery he usually asks about your symptoms. You tell him your symptoms. Then he takes your temperature and he examines your body. He tells you your diagnosis and prescribes you some pills, tablets, painkillers or drops. You go to the pharmacy/chemist’s and you show your prescription. They give you your medicine, you pay for the prescription and you go home. When you have got flu, you have to stay in bed, take your medicines, drink plenty of herbal tea with lemon and honey.

conventional/classical vs. alternative healthcare

Encyclopaedias offer a definition of medicine as any science or practice concerned with sickness and health.There are several types of medicine which can help us to beat illness. Classical (western or conventional) medicine offers treatment with painkillers. It fights against illness and disease with drugs and surgery by which doctors can save millions of people. On the other hand, taking a lot of medicine can destroy other organs of your body, e.g. liver or kidneys. That is why many people prefer other kinds of treatment which are sometimes called traditional, complementary or alternative medicine. The term traditional fits ancient arts such as herbalism but hardly applies to acupuncture or shiatsu. Alternative medicine looks at the whole person, not just the illness. This includes your age, your family background, eating habits, sleeping habits, regular exercises, job conditions, bad habits like drinking or smoking and problems you have to face in your everyday life.

There are different types of alternative medicine like acupuncture, homeopathy and osteopathy. Acupuncturists use needles to make a person's energy to flow in a more balanced way. The needles are rotated clockwise or anticlockwise, according to whether energy is to be stimulated or lessened.

Everything we need exists in nature which is why homeopathy uses natural plants and flowers to beat illness. Homeopathy is not concerned with the processes or causes of disease, but with its symptoms. Doctors regard their patients as unique individuals.

Osteopathy is a system of movements which correct problems with the bones and muscles. Osteopaths push, pull and twist the body with their hands which puts all the bones or muscles in the right place.

One of the reasons for the popularity of alternative medicine is that most alternative therapists give a patient more time than conventional doctors. In most European countries doctors see a new patient every ten or twenty minutes. Many symptoms are due to overwork or stress and an important part of a treatment is for patients to talk about their problems. Doctors themselves are tired and have very high stress levels. Both doctors and patients would benefit from more time for having consultation.

While alternative medicine treats the body without using chemicals, western medicine is very important in accidents and emergencies. The best solution is when western and alternative medicine work hand in hand.

 

1. Describe your illness (or your friend's if you are healthy). 

2. Complete the dialogues with suitable responses (use different ones):

1st dialogue

Doctor:   Hello. What's the problem?                                   

You:       Well,...............................................................        

D:            Does it hurt badly?                                                                                                                                                             

You:         ......................................................................   

D:      How long have you had this?                                    

You:    ..............................................................................   

D:      I'd like to examine you. Take off your shirt, please                                        

You:    .............................................................................

D:      No, it doesn't look too bad. It's just normal tonsilitis. Here's a prescription for some medicine. Take it               

three times daily. Come to see me next Tuesday.

You:    .............................................................................     

2nd dialogue 

D:        Good.........................     What's............................    

You:   I'm running a fever, coughing badly, I sneeze, feel tired and sleepy.

D:      OK. Open..............................................................

You:  "Ah." It hurts me to swallow and I ache all over.

D:      Strip.............................; take............................and now stop.......................................................

You:   Is it very serious, doctor?

D:        No, ....................; it's just ......................: get this medicine from..................and..................a day.

You:   Am I allowed to go to school?

D:      No,........................ .................... warm and drink ............................ You'll ...........................soon. In

a week you............................................again.

3. What children's diseases have you had and what diseases have you been vaccinated against?

What common ailments do children have?

mumps [mamps], measles [mi:zlz], rubeola [rubiola], chicken-pox [t/ikan poks], scarlet fever [skarlet firve], be a scarlet fever carrier, otitis [au'taitis] (zapal ucha), vaccination certificat('veksi'neisnt sa:tifikit], tuberculosis [tju:,be:kju'lausis], tetanus [tetanas], polio [paulisu], smallpox [smo:lpoks], diphtheria [diftieria], whooping cough [hu:pii\ kofj, rabies [reibi:z]

have a cold, (the) flu, cough, a sore throat, to cough, bronchitis [bron'kaitis], tonsilitis [tonsi'Iaitis], pneumonia [nju:'mäuniä], be hoarse [ho:s], lack of appetite, vomit, have stomachache, heartburn, nausea [no:sjä], indigestion [indi'dzestfän], constipation [konsti´peifän], diarrhoea [daiä:riä], ulcer [alsa], bilious attack [biljäs ätäk], appendicitis [äpendi'saitis], jaundice [dzo:ndis], backache, slipped disc, rheumatism [ru:mätizm], earache, encephalitis [ensäfä'laitis], be dizzy [dizi], veneral disease [vi'niäriäl], typhoid fever [taifoid], plague [pleig], cholera [kolärä]

4.   What diseases are considered to be "civilization al diseases"? What causes them? How can they be avoided?

mental disorders:                                               -

nervous breakdown, stress, depression, a headache, insomnia [in'somnie], suffer from nerves

diseases of the blood system:            .

high blood pressure, a heart attack, anaemia [ä'ni;mjä], leukaemia [lju:'ki:miä], varicose veins [värrikäus veinz]

skin diseases:                                                          .

rash [räs], acne [äkni], eczema [eksimä], itch, scratch, pimple [pimpl], scurvy [skä:vi]

eating disorders:

anorexia, bulimia

others:

backache, defective hearing (poskodeny sluch), allergy, overweight, asthma [äsmä], diabetes [daiä'bi:tiz], malignant tumours [mä'lignänt tju:mäz], cancer [känsä], drug addiction [drag ä'dikfän], drug addict [ä'dikt] (narkoman) , be addicted to alcohol, die of an overdose (zomriet na predavkovanie), break the habit, veneral diseases (pohlavne choroby) , AIDS, hectic life style, lack of vitamins (nedostatok vitaminov), polluted environment, unhealthy daily routine, insufficient sleep (nedostatocny spanok)

Naučiť sa YOUR DIET z pracovného listu Food and diet + slovnú zásobu

Dokončiť pracovný list Housing and decoration + naučiť sa slovíčka, YES!book 30-31 téma Housing + ppt. prezentácia a link, resp. text nižšie. Home, types of dwelling. country versus town - advantages and disadvantages

 

Oral performances: Housing and Shopping and services

 

YES!book page 38/Task C, D, learn Shopping 36-37 + vocabulary 39-40

Marko a Adam, complete your notes:  Shopping vocabulary

Ways of shopping: DIRECT SALE - market, small speciased shops, large shopping centres

INDIRECT SALE - mail order (objednávska poštou), hire purchase (na splátky), catalogue sale, online sale, door-to-door sale (has been on decline)

 

Po praxi: 22nd January -  YES!book str. 33/ TASK 1, 2 160-180 slov

Housing 31-32, 33 Vocabulary 34-35

Advantages and disadvantages of living in the village

Use the linking words:

Ist paragraph - Inroduction  - General (Start with - Nowadays, a lot of people have decided to move from a village/a city and settle down in a town/village/a city.....)

...have both advantages and disadvantages/pros and cons,

2nd paragraph (pluses, advantages, pros)

On the plus side,/One advantage is that/ Also, First of all/Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly

For example,/For instance,

What is more,/Moreover,

All in all,/To sum up

3rd paragraph (minuses, disadvantages, cons)

However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing,/One disadvantage is that,

particularly/especially

Also, First of all/Fistly/Secondly/Thirdly

Last of all,/Finally,

Despite.../ Inspite of ...

4th paragraph - Conclusion plus your own opinion (sum it up, rephrasing the best and the worst about living there and say whether the advantages outnumber the disadvantages, say where you live and how you like it there and whether you would like to move, where and why)

In conclusion,/All things considered, To sum it up,

I think that.../ In my opinion,

04_HOUSING.ppt

4.housing.docx

4. Housing (bývanie)

- my home (address, part of the town, description of your house/flat, domestic appliances – domáce spotrebiče, furniture - nábytok), neighbourhood (susedstvo, sídlisko, blízke okolie), facilities (zariadenia) in my neighbourhood

- housing in towns and villages – advantages and disadvantages (výhody a nevýhody)

- ideal housing (your ideas about your own house or flat)

- compare housing in Slovakia and Great Britain and the USA

We all are very much influenced by (ovplyvnení) the place where we grow up (vyrastať). Our whole life is marked by (poznačený) places where we live, stay or work. There comes a time when we want to settle down (usadiť sa) and create our own home. Every one of us has a dream home in a dream country which would correspond (zhodovať sa) to all our needs and desires (túžby). In real life we try to make the best possible compromise.

                Living in towns and cities has both advantages (výhody) and disadvantages (nevýhody). On the one hand (na jednej strane), there are many job opportunities (pracovné príležitosti), better schooling possibilities, a rich social life, and a lot of sports facilities (športové zariadenia). There are many cultural events held, such as concerts, art exhibitions, operas, theatre performances. People can go out to cafés, pubs, and night clubs. There are lots of shops, shopping malls or shopping centres where one can buy all sorts of goods (Tovar) under one roof (strecha). There are usually a few local hospitals which provide (poskytovať) a high standard of health care. On the other hand (na druhej strane), city inhabitants (-citizens, obyvatelia mesta) live in a polluted (znečistený), noisy, crowded (preplnený) and hectic place. The air in towns and cities is often polluted by fumes (dym) from factory chimneys (komín) and cars. There is often a lot of mess and dirt in the streets. A lot of city people live in housing estates (sídliská), which is not an ideal place to raise (vychovávať) children. The most serious problem of towns and cities is a high level of criminality caused by pickpockets (vreckári), shoplifters (vykrádači obchodov), burglars (lupiči), murderers (vrahovia) and drug dealers.

                In the past, there was a strong tendency to move to towns. Nowadays, more and more people move back to the country where they look for peace and a healthy way of living. The houses in village are cheaper than the ones in towns.

                Many Slovaks live in flats. A flat is situated in the same building as other flats, often forming part of a block of flats (panelák) or town house (bytovka). During the communist period a lot of huge (obrovský) housing estates (sídliská) were built in our country. These days, a lot of them are being reconstructed and new ones are being built but not as many as before. A flat may be very large with nearly as much space as a house or it may be just one room with a kitchen and a bathroom. Most of the flats in Slovakia are two-, three- or four-room flats.

                British people prefer to live in houses rather than flats. There are several types of houses in Britain: terraced houses (radové domy), back-to-back houses (domy, ktoré majú spoločnú zadnú stenu, houses which share their back wall), town houses, semi-detached houses (dvojdomy, houses which have one wall in common), detached (samostaný) houses and bungalows (single-storey detached house). Terraced houses are built in a row (rad), back-to-back houses share a back wall, and semi-detached houses are joined (spojený) together by one common (spoločný) wall. A detached house stands by itself and a bungalow is built on one level. Slovak houses are usually quite big and the older ones are sometimes shared (deliť sa o niečo) by two families – grandparents, their children and grandchildren.

                Slovaks and British people love gardening. Slovaks tend to (inklininovať k niečomu) have bigger gardens behind (za) their houses and they spend quite a lot of time growing (pestovať) vegetables and fruit. There is a lot of work around the house throughout (počas celého roka) the whole year. Both Slovaks and British are very skillful (zručný) and do a lot of work themselves.

                A cottage/cabin (chalupa), a small traditional country house, is quite popular in our country. Some families have cottages near woods (lesy) or lakes (jazerá) and like to spend their weekends there. British people also like country houses. Some British families have them in France.

                A typical British house is set in/is situated in (je umiestnený v) a small garden and has two storeys (poschodia). It is usually designed for a family of four or five people. There is a hall, a front room, a back room, a dining room (jedáleň), an utility room (špajza), a kitchen and a storage space downstairs (dole, na prízemí). A garage is normally attached to the house. Upstairs (hore, na poschodí), there is one big bedroom and two smaller ones, a bathroom and a lavatory (- toilet, WC). Parents usually have bedroom with en-suite bathroom

                The furniture (nábytok) in British and Slovak rooms is not very different nowadays. The living room has a sofa (sedačka) and armchairs (kreslá), a wall unit (stenová zostava nábytku) with the hi-fi system, television and video, a bookcase and a coffee table (servírovací, nízky stolík). There is a carpet on the floor to make the room warm and comfortable (pohodlný). Most of the British houses have a fireplace (kozub) because of cold weather. The kitchen furniture includes the kitchen cupboards (linka), sink (výlevka, umývadlo v kuchyni), cooker (šporák) and fridge (chladnička) and freezer (mrazák). They are usually built‑in (vstavaný). There is also a table with chairs or stools (stolička bez operadla, stolček). The floor in the kitchen is often tiled (vykachličkovaná). Slovak families usually have their washing machine in the bathroom, the British in the kitchen. The bedroom has a double bed, built-in wardrobes (vstavané šatníkové skrine), dressing table (toaletný stolík) with a mirror on the wall and a stool in front of the table.

                In the USA an average American family lives in a large house with many rooms. In large American cities, many people live in downtown apartments (flats). Like the British, Americans do not usually stay in the same house their whole lives. Aome families like to move to other parts of the country and change houses every 10 years.

                As the standard of living (životná úroveň) is generally very high in the USA, the average (priemerný) American family can live comfortably (pohodlne) and well. Many wealthy (zámožný) people have very large houses with many rooms, tennis courts and swimming pools. In the centre of big American cities, many people live in apartments (flats, byty) situated in (umiestnený v) large apartment buildings. The houses are well-furnished (dobre zariadený) and equipped (vybavený) with modern household appliances (domáce spotrebiče). Each child in the family has his/her own room. Like the British people, Americans do not usually stay (zostať) in the same house their whole lives. Some families like to move (sťahovať sa) to other parts of the country and change houses more than once in a decade (desaťročie).

                Both in Slovakia and Great Britain, it is not easy to buy one’s own flat or a house. In both countries, the prices of property (majetok, nehnuteľnosť) are extremely high. It is impossible for a young family to buy a flat without the help of parents or a mortgage (hypotéka). In order to buy a house, a family does not need to have all the money – there are many banks from which it is possible to borrow (požičať) up to 90 per cent of the value (hodnota) of the house as a mortgage. Almost half of all British families own (vlastniť) the houses in which they live. A lot of them pay off (splácať) the mortgage for many years after moving into a house. In Slovakia more and more people take advantage of (využiť niečo) the mortgage too. Some take out a loan (brať si pôžičku) for the reconstruction of their flats or houses.

                Homelessness (bezdomovstvo) is a big social problem in many countries. A lot of homeless people (bezdomovci) are alcoholics, mentally-ill (duševne chorí) or just unemployed people left (ponechaní) without means of living (prostriedky na živobytie). In our country more and more asylum houses (azylové domy) are built for them.

 

Answer these questions:

 

1.        Is it necessary to have all the money to buy a house in Britain? Explain.

2.        What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in towns?

3.        What is the difference between a flat and a house?

4.        What are the basic types of houses in Britain?

5.        What does a typical British house look like?

6.        What kinds of gardens do the houses in Slovakia normally have?

7.        Where do the majority of American people live?

8.        Do Americans stay in the same house all their lives?

9.        Compare the household equipment an average American and Slovak family has.

10.     Why is it complicated to buy a house or a flat?

11.     Describe your house or flat. (I live in a four- room flat. It is on the fifth floor. I live in the housing estate called

12.     What is your idea of a perfect home?

13.     Translate these words into Slovak: armchair, bookcase, bedroom, carpet, bunk bed, double bed, single bed, en-suite bathroom, sauna, winter garden, garage, front door, back door, loo, rug, walls are painted white, dining room, hall, refrigerator, freezer, kettle, oven, cooker, hoover, lamp, wardrobe, chest of drawers, hanger, poster, picture, toilet, bathroom, living room, kitchen, bedroom, dishwasher, sink, coffee table, sofa, water tap, windowsill, curtains, bedside lamp, remote control, switch, to plug in, to turn the TV on, to turn off the computer, blinds, bedside/night table.

14.     Describe your room. Use the phrases given: there is + jednotné číslo /there are + množné číslo

I have/don’t have my own room. I share my room with my brother. My room is painted green/bright orange/light green.

Opposite the door there is/are ….. On the right/left there are/is …. I have got pictures, posters, paintings on the walls. …is next to (je pri) my bed, …..is behind (za), under (pod) on (na), floating floor (plávajúca podlaha), cupboards/wardrobe, shelf/bookshelf (shelves). On the windowsill I have pots with flowers, I have/don’t have curtains, blinds. I like my room because….. I spend/don’t spend a lot of time in my room. In my room I….. (listen to music, watch TV, use computer, go on the Internet, play games, chat with friends, text/phone my friends, have a mess, make love, read books, do my homework, paint/draw pictures, talk to my friends, play with my sister, have a lot of toys, fluffy toys, pillows, electronic gadgets…… . If you opened my wardrobe/drawer, you would find a complete mess, lots of papers, pencils, clothes, shoes, t-shirts, tops, dresses, board games (spoločenské hry), earings, make-up staff, brushes, toiletries, love letters …….

 

Veľa -Lots of, a lot of (kladné vety, počítateľné aj nepočítateľné podstatné mená.

Veľa - Many + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle (zápor, otázka)

Veľa - Much + nepočítateľné podstatné čísla (zápor, otázka)

Nejaký, niektorý - Some + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle a nepočítateľné podstatné mená v kladných vetách

                + otázky keď niečo ponúkam: Would you like some tea? Would you like something to eat?

Nejaký, žiadny - Any + nepočítateľné  a počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle v otázke a zápore!

Málo - Little + nepočítateľné podstatné mená (málo), a little (trošku)

Málo - Few + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle. (málo); a few - zopár

V jednotnom čísle počítateľných podstatných mien používame a/an!!!!!!

Some – something, somewhere, sometimes,

Any – anything, anywhere, anytime.

Doplň:

I’ve got …………………………….. good friends but I haven’t got …………….best friend.

There are …………………..nice pictures by my classmates on the wall. ……………..of them I like very much.

There are …………….flower pots on the windowsill. I don’t have ……………time.

Would you like …………sugar into your coffee? Yes, but just ………………. .

There isn’t ……………… I hate about my school. Well, maybe ………….things.

…………… Slovak people live in flats. There isn’t ……………milk in the fridge.

I’ve got ……………….news for you.

Have you heard ……………….. of Pete? I haven’t been in touch with him for …………… weeks.

Have you got ………….money on you? Yes, but just …………….

Just ……………….. of my subject I like but most of them I loathe.

In towns and cities there ……. ……………………….sports and cultural facilities, but just …………… places where you can be alone.

In Bratislava there ……  ………… museums, art galleries, theatres, concert halls and restaurants.

There …………… too ………….. pubs and cafés in villages, just a church and one local pub.

… friend in need is … friend indeed.

… lot of my homework I do at school. Not ……… of it I do at home.

I have never cheated in ………….. tests. …………… I passed but not too ……………… .

My English teacher is absolutely horrible because she gives us …………….. homework and I don’t have …….. time to do it on time.

We have been through ……….. of our final exams topic but there are still ………………… left.

Is there ……..thing I can help you with? No, thanks a lot. I haven’t got …….left.

I am living with my friends until I find ……………………… to live

…………………….can learn English, it just a matter of will.

I don’t want to tell you ……………………..

8th December

SPORTS AND GAMES

Each link below helps find the answers, just click and read, write and learn.

1 Name sports fields and areas sports

2 Name reasons for doing sports

3 Name sports events

YES!book 25-29 +

03_SPORTS_AND_GAMES.ppt

3_Sport.docx

SPORT_AND_GAMES.pdf

10_CARD_sport.pdf

28th November

Dokonalé naučená téma / You have learnt the topic perfectly CULTURE and ARTS, you have revised the topic FOOD perfectly, sústreďte sa na slovnú zásobu vo vetách textov v učebnice a tu - you have been focused on vocabulary used in the sentences of the text in your YES!book and below.

presentation:02_CULTURE_AND_ART.ppt

topic:2_Culture_and_Art.docx

2_CULTURE_and_ART_Voc.doc

2 CULTURE AND ART

1. Cultural options in the city and in the country (museums, exhibitions, theatres, cinemas, concerts, the circus, dance)
2. Popular forms of culture and art (genres, famous personalities)
3. Attending cultural events
4. Music, film, theatre and folk festivals, atmosphere
5. Other forms of art – folk music, dance, painting, sculpture, architecture – well-known artists/performers

 

A man should hear a little music, read a little poetry and see a fine Picture every day of his life. (J. W. Goethe)

 

                Culture and art are part of everyday life of people. They add aesthetic value to our lives, enrich our mind and please our senses. Various cultural events present an interesting way of spending the free time of individuals, couples and families. Both culture and art are parts of national heritage of every country – all of them do their best to develop and promote it. Cities offer many cultural attractions to citizens and tourists.

                Art is a way of communicating feelings. Artists express themselves in many forms – music, literature, architecture, painting, drawing, sculpture. Music, dance and theatre are performing arts. Painting, sculpture, architecture and photography are decorative arts.

                 Music has become a hobby, a profession and a part of the lifestyle of many people. Those who like classical music can enjoy a concert of philharmonic orchestra in a concert hall or attend a festival. Some of the festivals are held annually, such as the Bratislava Music Festival. Composers like Mozart, Beethoven and Bach have become the most important figures of the European musical heritage. Ode to Joy, a part of Beethoven’s masterpiece Ninth Symphony, became the anthem (hymna) of the European Union. Opera lovers can chose from a list of opera performances in one of the many opera houses, such as the Royal Opera House in London, where visitors can see both opera and ballet performances. A very famous concert venue in New York City is Carnegie Hall where concerts of classical as well as popular music are held. Spectators can enjoy it extraordinary acoustics.

                Fans of different music styles – pop, rock, jazz, blues or country can enjoy the music at music festivals of the different genres, go to see their favourite singers or groups live at concerts or simply listen to CDs, MP3 players or watch concerts on DVDs. Thanks to digital technology the music industry supplies the market with all possible music genres recorded on many different types of media.

                Slovakia is famous for its tradition of folklore music. Folklore groups dressed in traditional costumes dance at folklore festivals (the most famous is the one held in July in Východná). Young people prefer modern dance which includes many different types. Oriental dance is becoming very popular among women throughout the whole of Europe.

                Dramatic art has a very long tradition in countries like England and France. The famous English theatre company, the Royal Shakespeare Company Theatre, brings together famous actors and directors of the world to work on the greatest plays. Numerous London theatres are concentrated in the West End, the entertainment heart of London, which remained a fashionable place for theatre and opera throughout the years. One of the major cultural events in Scotland is the Edinburgh International Festival which is a festival of classical music, opera, theatre and dance. Slovak theatre-goers can also enjoy various types of theatre performances. Musicals, performed at the New Scene Theatre in Bratislava, have become very popular in the last few years. Other favourite theatres in this town include the Slovak National Theatre, the Small Scene of the Slovak National Theatre, the Hviezdoslav Theatre, the Arena Theatre and many others.

                Cinema generally enjoys great popularity. In Slovakia most films are of American productions; in the cinemas they are often shown with Slovak subtitles (titulky), on the TV they are dubbed (dabované). French, Spanish, and other foreign language film are quite rare, mostly presented at film festivals or in special film clubs. The most famous international film festivals are held in Cannes, Venice and Berlin. Ordinary small cinemas are now being replaced by large multi-screen air-conditioned complexes in shopping centres. Some of them have introduced three-dimensional (3D) films. In summer, people like to go to open-air cinemas. The number of cinema-goers has dropped throughout the years because films are now available on DVDs. They can be rented from DVD rental shops. Every year, actors, actresses, directors and screenplay writers are awarded a prize for their achievements in filmmaking. The Academy Award (Oscar) is the main national film award in the USA.

                There is a great variety of media in which an artist can work. Paintings (Fine Art) of famous painters and sculptors (sochári) like Picasso, Van Gogh, Rembrandt, Claude Monet or Michelangelo are immortal and their artworks can be seen in a number of museums around the world. The National Gallery in London houses on of the greatest collections of European paintings in the world. The Tate Gallery is the national gallery of British art, also located in London.

                Visitors to Bratislava can admire the colour paintings, landscapes, portraits and other works of arts in the Slovak National Gallery or the Bratislava City Gallery. The works of artists can be categorised into so called styles – Impressionism, Modernism, Surrealism, Naïve Art, Pop Art and others.

                Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings. It includes town planning, urban design, landscape architecture (development of gardens, parks) and interior design (furniture). Many architectural works may also be seen as cultural and political symbols and they are often works of art. They can have both a functional and aesthetic character. Some new architectonic structures were made possible only thanks to new materials and the development of technology. Famous architects of the Renaissance period were Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, who were also artists and scientists. At that time there was no clear dividing line between an artist and an architect one of the most famous architects of the 20^th century was the controversial Austrian architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser, known for his revolutionary architectural designs.

                Cultural events in the countryside are not that frequent. People who live in villages all their lives prefer gardening, visiting friends or watching TV. Many inhabitants of Bratislava have recently moved to villages, trying to get away from the busy city life as they do not live too far from the city, they can still enjoy the cultural life the city offers.

 

Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist and architect. He lived from 1452-1519 and is a great figure of the Italian Renaissance. His painting an Italian nobleman’s wife called Zanoki del Giocondo, has become the most famous painting in the world, either under the tile La Giconda or the Mona Lisa.

                Picasso was born in 1881 in Spain although he did most of his painting in France. He is generally recognised as one of the most inventive painters of the 20^th century. He was already an accomplished (hotový, skvelý, majstrovský) artist at the age of 10, had his first exhibition aged 16 and continued painting well into his 80s. He is probably best known for his surrealist paintings.

                The Impressionist movement was named after Monet’s painting Impression, Sunrise. The movement (smer, hnutie) is particularly concerned with light effects and Monet often painted his subjects at different times of day to explore these effects. Born in Paris, I 1840, he began his Impressionist paintings in the 1860s. The First Impressionist exhibition was held in 1874. Monet produced many paintings which are still popular today, including Haystacks and Rouen Cathedral.

                Van Gogh is famous not only for his post-impressionist paintings but also for the wild temperament which led him to cutting off part of one ear and later committing suicide in 1890. The Dutch painter was born in 1853 and first worked as a schoolmaster in England before becoming a pointer. Like Picasso, he did most of his work in France, including his most famous paintings, The Sunflowers and The Chair.

                As well as being an artist, Andy Warhol, was also an accomplished filmmaker. He was born in Pittsburgh in 1928, a son of Slovak immigrants. After studying at an art college, he became one of the leading commercial artists of the 1950s, with his Pop Art style – including pictures of soup cans and drinks bottles. He was shot by a radical feminist in 1968 but survived. He carried on painting until his death in 1987.

Modern art is not about any one thing in particular. It reflects many concerns of modern life. For instance, with its strange jumble (zmes, miešanica) of colours, lines and shapes, it may not appear to be anything recognisable. It may depict real objects but in an unusual or distorted (prekrútený, skreslený, skomolený) way. Modern art does not usually tell a story. Instead, it may evoke feelings, ideas, and impressions which are hard to put into words. At the beginning of the last century, many artists turned away from the traditional depiction of nature. Photography, which was developed in the 1830s, had freed artists from the need to copy what they saw. They instead began to explore ideas about art itself or tapping their own feelings. They were also trying to express their feelings about changes that they experienced in the world around them.

 

 

2 CULTURE AND ART

CULTURE – the word is used to speak about music, art, literature that are a part of our lives.

Culture and cultural life is represented by fine arts, art exhibitions and museum exhibits, as well as going the cinema, the theatre and concerts of classical and pop music.

ART - a way of communicating feelings. Artists

• add aesthetic value to our lives-pridať estetickú hodnotu do nášho života
• enrich our mind- obohatiť naše myslenie, myseľ
• please our senses-potešiť naše zmysly

A:  DECORATIVE ARTS

• works of art-umelecké diela

1 PAINTINGS:  landscapes (krajinky),  life size portraits (portréty  v životnej veľkosti ),still lifes (zátišia), sketches, miniatures, engravings (rytiny), etchings (ečinz lepty), graphic art (prints)

VOCABULARY

• art galleries display sculptures and paintings – galérie umenia vystavujú sochy a maľby
• to look with pleasure (pležr) at paintings– s radosťou / potešením  sa pozerať na
• to have a high regard for paintings  = to admire the paintings  
• paint in watercolours / oil – maľovať vodovými farbami / olejovými farbami
• draw in pencil  / pen – kresliť ceruzkou / perom

 2 SCULPTURE: statues and sculptural groups (sochy a súsošia)

VOCABULARY

• cut in sandstone / granite / marble – vytesať z pieskovca, žuly, mramoru
• carved in wood – vyrezať z dreva
• mould in clay / plaster / mould in bronze – modelovať z hliny, sadry, odlievať z bronzu

 3 ARCHITECTURE:     

• landscape architecture (green outdoor spaces-parks, gardens)
• town planning
• urban design (buildings)
• interior design (furniture)

B: PERFORMING ARTS (umenie vo forme predstavení)

MUSIC:

• classical-serious (opera, operetta, choir, chamber- komorná, ...)
• pop music,
• other genres: rock, punk, funky, hip-hop, jazz, brass, folklore, alternative, underground,   indie, church- religious, ...

VOCABULARY

• to listen to music
• to come into contact / to get in touch with – prísť do kontaktu s
• to have musical talent / to be talented in sth –
• to take music  lessons – chodiť do hudobnej školy
• to play the piano/the recorder /the flute/ the bass /the guitar /the drums/the pipe/ the clarinet / the bassoon /the accordion /the violin /the viola /the violonchello ...
• concert-goer – návštevník koncertov
• to enjoy performances – užívať si predstavenia
• Large towns often invite renowned (slávny, renomovaný) symphonic orchestras with outstanding conductors (vynikajúci dirigenti)  and hold (uskutočňujú)music festivals.
• composers of all styles and periods – skladatelia všetkých štýlov a období
• to have in the repertoire
• tunes – melodies
• to tune (tju:n)  the musical instruments – ladiť hudobné nástroje
• musicians at concerts give encores – hudobníci na koncertov hrajú prídavky

 C:  DANCE:

• classical-ballet (´bälei  )
• ballroom dances (spoločenské tance): standard (e.g. Waltz, Viennese waltz,  jive, foxtrot, tango, ...)
• Latin-American (e.g. samba, rumba, salsa, cha cha, ...)
• oriental dances (e.g. belly dance...)

VOCABULARY

• to take dancing lessons – chodiť do tanečnej školy
• to develop a liking for dances – rozvíjať záľubu v tancoch

 D: THEATRE:

• plays, comedies, tragedies, historical plays,
• musicals
• puppet shows (papit šouz) – bábkové predstavenia

VOCABULARY

• theatre-goers – návšteníci divadla
• dramatic art -  divadelné umenie
• to give a performance – uviesť predstavenie
• to be performed at  e.g. the New Scene Theatre... – uvádzaný na Novej scéne
• to act on the stage of the cultural house –hrať na pódiu kulturného domu
• to go to the theatre/the opera or to a ballet
• to be on the programme – mať na programe
• to be dressed up – vyobliekať sa
• to take their coats in the cloakroom – odložiť si kabáty v šatni
• a cloakroom attendant – šatniarka
• an attendant/ an usher shows us to our seat – uvádzačka nás uvedie na  naše miesto
• to get tickets to the stalls, to sit in the box/in the dress circle-1st balcony/in the upper circle=2nd balcony,  to stand in the gods = dostať lístky na prízemie, sedieť v lóži/na prvom balkóne/na druhom balkóne, stáť na najvyššom balkóne
• to know a synopsis of the opera, e.g. The programme gives a brief synopsis of the plot.
• to know who designed the stage scenery and costumes- kto navrhol scénu a kostýmy/who rehearsed (rihrzd) the programme – kto naštudoval program s hercami
• to see the cast – vidieť obsadenie/to see who stars –zistiť,  kto hrá hlavnú úlohu/who plays the supporting roles-kto hrá vedľajšie úlohy/ who is a conductor – kto diriguje
• during intermissions (cez prestávku medzi dvoma dejstvami): to get refreshments in the theatre bar (občerstviť sa v bare), to share opinions with friends about the performance,
• the audience applauds - diváci tlieskajú/ the cast even get a standing ovation - herci sú odmenení potleskom v stoji
• there were many curtain calls („kláňačky“)
• children love pupet shows –deti milujú bábkové divadlo

CINEMA:

Cinema enjoys great popularity. - Kino sa teší veľkej popularite.

• first-run films – premiérové filmy/films have a long run-sú dlho na programe;/be on the programme for a long time

• cinema-goers- návštevníci kina
• the repertory of cinemas is focused on commercial films, e.g. action films, comedies  -repertoár kín sa zameriava na komerčné filmy, napr. akčné filmy, komédie
• action-packed star-studded Hollywood blockbusters –akčný hollywoodský trhák s hviezdnym obsadením
• all-action blockbuster movies – akčné trháky
• films are shown with subtitles or are dubbed- filmy sa uvádzajú s titulkami alebo sú dabované
• screenplay-filmový scenár/screenplay writer - scenárista
•  large multi-screen air-conditioned complexes in shopping centres – klimatizované kiná s veľkými premietacími plátnami v nákupných centrách
• to go to the open-air cinema – ísť do kina v prírode, amfiteáter
• three-dimensional (3D) films
• film makers, film making, directed by
• playwright – autor hier
• a film shows the tiny details of our daily lives – film detailne zobrazuje náš život

 

music and  films recorded (zaznamenané, nahrané) on media such as DVDs, CDs

• to download  and burn a film/music
• illegal,  cheap,  convenient (pohodlné)

Cultural events in the countryside are not so frequent like in large towns.

Cultural events: feltivals, concerts, discos, balls, book sales ... are held in... (...sa konajú v ...)

The Academy Award – an annual cinema award in many categories given since 1927 by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The award is the cinema´s most prestigious symbol taking the form of a gold plated statuette, nicknamed Oscar since 1931.

TASK FOR WRITING

You have just been to the worst concert of your life. Write an e-mail (160-220 words) to an American friend who asked your opinion because the tour is going to his/her city next month and he/she would like to go.Talk about the band (performers and instruments), lighting, the music and special effects.

ROLE-PLAY

A: You and a friend love playing your guitars together and have done so since you were little. Now, your friend wants to start a band and play publicly, maybe even for money. You´re not very happy about this idea. Try to talk your friend out of his idea. Give at least 2 reasons to persuade him to leave things as they are.

B: You and a friend love playing your guitars together and have done so since you were little. You´ve decided that that you’re both good enough to start your own band. Convince your friend to join you. Give at least 2 reasons why you think it’s a great idea.

27th November

On Monday next week, i.e. November 27th, you are going to give your presentations about your favourite artists (3-min talks)

learn art and culture

focus on:

why are culture and art important to us

kinds of art (performing, decorative) and how we can enjoy them

music - pop, classical, how, where, festivals, Reduta, Carnegie Hall, Royal Albert Hall, folklore, give encore, support (predkapela), orchestra, conduct an orchestra, chamber music

cinema - blockbusters, mainstream, art cinemas, air-conditioned multiscreen cinema complexes, dubbed, subtitled, in original language, movies of American/European production, open air cinemas

theatre - kinds of theatre performances, the Slovak National Theatre - going to the theatre step by step

compare going to the theatre to going to the cinema (obtaining the tickets, dress code vs casual clothes, lenght, meals and drinks allowed, etc.)

Fine arts - galleries, museums, contemporary art, permanent, temporary exhibitions, famous painters and their artworks - Da Vinci - Mona Lisa, Louvre, Van Gogh - The Sunflowers - The National Gallery, London, etc.

folklore music, dance, festivals, songs

Culture in the country and rural areas - House of Culture - events

 

2nd NOVEMBER

 

Read and learn Yes!book Culture and art on page 20, learn vocabulary 23-24 and do TASK 2 and TASK 3

17th October

FOOD, learn vocabulary behind exercises, and introductary text +

watch the following videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhX9Dlp0Ds

vocab food likes, dislikes, flavours https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50syDdhrVPc

at a restauranthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CcYEoAyArE

Food vocabulary

Kitchen utensils (náradie, náčinie)

Dishwasher, dishdryer, microwave, cooker, blender (mixér), toaster, grill pan, frying pan, pot, lid, casserole, cake pan (tortová forma), baking sheet (plech), rolling pin (valček), kettle (kanvica, thermo (termoska, kitchen tools (náčinie), ladle (naberačka, spatula, turning spatula (obracačka, beater/whisk – šľahač, scissors, grater (strúhadlo, bowl, garlic press, peeler, ice cream scoop, can, can opener, drainer – sitko, bootles, bottle opener, kitchen towel, chopping board, cork (korok, štupeľ), knife/knives, spoon (varecha, lyžica, fork, juicer (odšťavovač), timer, potato masher (pučidlo na zemiaky), tongs – kliešte, cake server (lopatka na tortu)

Verbs:

Pour water, steam vegetables, roll the dough (vaľkať cesto) break/beat the eggs (rozbiť/vyšľahať), knead the dough (miesiť cesto), measure the oil, sprinkle with herbs, season (dochutiť), stir – miešať, whisk – šľahať, strain/drain (odkvapkať, vysušiť), mash (popučiť, add salt, beat eggs, chop the bacon, bring to the boil, cook for five minutes, cut the meat, fry bacon, heat oil, grate cheese, melt sugar, peel onions, crush garlic, pre-heat the oven, sift flour, simmer gently, slice tomatoes, serve with brown bread, mix together, skin the fish, bake a cake, mince (pomlieť) the pork, thaw/defrost, marinate, dice – cut into cubes, spread with butter (natrieť, weigh out (odvážiť), squeeze (vytlačiť), overcook, fry until golden (opražte do zlatova), taste, smell, have lunch, dinner, breakfast, supper, snack, tea, tv dinner, be fussy about food, be undercooked, burnt (pripálený), complain, thank, ask for, Are you ready to order? Cause heart disease, be on decline (byť na ústupe), change eating habits,

Raw (surový), ripe (zhnitý),rotten (pesnivý), flavoured (dochutený), be rich in flavour, be bland (bez chuti, nedochutený), rich in calories, prefer, served, with no added sugar

 

17. FOOD

1.       Food and drinks during a day, your favourite meal. How do you make it?

2.       Places where people eat (restaurants, at home, at school canteen)

3.       National cuisine – traditions, specialties, table manners

4.       Eating habits, healthy food

People are different all over the world. People who live in colder countries need to eat more fatty (mastný) products and food which give them a lot of energy. People who live in hot countries need to eat a lot of fruit and vegetables to give their body enough energy and liquids. People who do physical work need a lot of energy and they also eat a lot of fatty products and food. In China people use chopsticks (paličky) when they eat, in Europe we use spoon (lyžica), knife (nôž) and fork (vidlička), in Africa they use their fingers or a piece of bread.

4. We have different eating habits (stravovacie návyky). Our eating habits depend on (závisia od) our lifestyle (životný štýl), our work, our mood (nálada) and feeling, our financial situation, our age and of course, the country we come from. Rich people usually eat healthier meals (jedlá) and poor people usually eat fast-food meals or junk food and they do not eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. Women usually eat healthier food than men. Those who want to eat healthy, eat a lot of low-fat products (yogurts, cheeses, skimmed milk), their food is rich in minerals, fibre (vláknina) and vitamins. They eat whole-grain (celozrnný) bread, they avoid (vyhýbajú sa) fatty meals. Women who want to lose weight eat as little as possible and kids are often fussy (vyberavý) about their food. Children often like fast-food meals such as (ako je) hamburgers, fish and chips, doughnuts, cakes, and also pasta, pizza and sausages. They love ketchup, but a lot of them hate healthy food. They like drinking fizzy drinks, lemonades and Coke is their favourite drink. They love sweet meals such as pancakes, cakes, puddings, jelly, ice-cream etc. (and so on).

 

1.       Normally, we eat three times a day – we have breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Breakfast. Slovaks usually have bread or a bread roll (rohlík) with butter, jam, honey, ham, some cheese or salami for breakfast. Some prefer scrambled eggs (praženica) or sausages. Others have a bowl (miska) of cereals (cereálie) such as cornflakes or muesli with milk. We usually drink a cup of coffee or a cup of tea for breakfast. Children have a glass of milk or cocoa for breakfast. They like yogurts, toasts with chocolate spread, bread and butter with honey or jam. The English usually begin the day with a cup of tea or coffee. British people have for breakfast toasts with butter and cheese, a bowl of cereals with milk, a cup of tea or coffee or a glass of orange juice. They do not drink tea with lemon; they put milk in it instead. Then they have a cup of tea again and finish with toast and marmalade. But nowadays more and more people prefer lighter meal for breakfast. Later in the morning the English people have another cup of tea and some biscuits.

                The traditional English breakfast starts with cereals. It is often a bowl of cornflakes (ovsené vločky) with milk or porridge (ovsená kaša). This is sometimes followed by fried bacon and eggs or sausages (párky) and fried tomatoes, often at weekends. Children often eat toasts with beans in tomato sauce.

At about 10.00 o’clock in the morning we usually have a little snack, students at school eat their home-made (doma pripravené) snacks during their break after the third lesson.

The English lunch is a light meal consisting of warm dish (teplé jedlo) and a dessert, or ham and cheese sandwich, some fruit, pudding and ice cream. Lamb (jahňacina), beef or chicken is served with potatoes, vegetables and gravy (šťava z mäsa).

In the afternoon the English have teatime again. They meet friends and have a tea party. They eat thin slices of bread with cheese and some fish and vegetables.

Dinner is the main meal of the day in Great Britain (and also in the USA). It is served at about 6 o´clock when all the members of the family are at home. This meal is often eaten in front of the television. Most dinners during the week are simple, people often use pre-cooked (predvarené) food – CONVENIENT FOOD (tinned or frozen) with frozen (mrazené) vegetables, which can be heated (môže byť zohriate) quickly. A lot of supermarkets sell frozen “TV dinners” which can be quickly prepared in the oven or a microwave. During the week the meal consists of soup and fish and chips which is considered to be typically British. The British often have chicken and boiled vegetables with pasta or rice for dinner. Sometimes they eat pork or beef steaks with vegetables. Then later in the evening around 10 o´clock it is time for light supper.

A lot of Americans love to have lunch and dinner “out” – at snack bars, fast food restaurants or expensive hotels. They also use take-away services. You go to the take-away restaurant, you buy your food, take it home and you eat it at home. Typical take-away food includes pizza, Chinese food, Indian food and the traditional fish and chips.

In our country lunch is the main meal of the day. It usually has two courses (chody). The first course is a soup and the main course consists of some meat with the side dish (príloha). Sometimes we have dessert. For lunch, Slovaks have some meat (mäso), it is usually pork (bravčové), beef (hovädzie) or poultry (hydina) with potatoes or rice. But we also eat a lot of pasta (veľa cestovín) and sweet meals.

The Slovaks prepare dinner themselves at home. It is either (buď) a warm meal or a sandwich. Sometimes they order pizza. Some people have light supper, often cheese and biscuits and a glass of milk or a mug of cocoa before they go to bed. Men usually have a glass of beer or a glass of wine in the evening.

 

2. People who are at work have their lunch at canteens (v jedálňach) or they go and buy something in fast-food restaurants (KFC or Mc Donald’s) or take-away restaurants. Pupils and students have lunch at school canteen or they eat their packed lunch (which their mums made for them the day before) at school. Businessmen often invite their business partners for lunch or dinner to a restaurant. There they can choose from daily menu which is usually cheaper and is usually offered during lunchtime. 

3. Each country has some traditional meals. Fish and chips are typically British. Pasta and pizza are considered typically Italian. Hamburger with chips is a typical American meal. In China they eat noodles and rice. Typical Slovak meal is “bryndzové halušky” (potato dumplings with sheep cheese). It is a kind of food prepared from potatoes and flour. Another traditional Slovak meal is “lokše” which are potato pancakes cooked on the stove (platni) or on a frying pan without oil. Another typical Slovak meal is cabbage soup (made of cabbage, pork, beef, plums, bacon and cream which we eat on Christmas Eve). For Christmas dinner the Slovaks usually have lentil soup (šošovicová polievka) or cabbage soup and potato salad with fried fish. We usually eat carp. The English and Americans have roast turkey with vegetables for their Christmas dinner. The British also eat Christmas pudding, which is a special cake and they eat it only on Christmas day. At Easter we usually eat smoked ham with potato salad and the English have hot cross buns on Easter Sunday.

Table manners – decide whether these manners are considered polite or impolite.

·         Use your knife to cut and your fork to put the food in your mouth.

·         Chew food with your mouth closed.

·         Have a cigarette while other people eat.

·         Sip your soup if it is too hot.

·         Ask for things to be passed to you, don't lean over the table.

·         If you have chewed the spice, spit it on the plate

·         If you need to blow your nose, excuse yourself and go out of the room first.

·         Answer your phone at the table and talk loudly and long enough.

·         Don't grab everything you want first - help others to get their food and be prepared to share.

·         Don't talk with your mouth full of food. It is not a good look!

·         Eat with fingers if nobody tells you that you cannot do that.

·         Put your elbows on the table, it is more comfortable.

·         Do not pick anything out of your teeth. If it bothers you that bad, excuse yourself and go to the toilet to pick it.

·         Always use a napkin to wipe your mouth, which should be on your lap when you do not use it.

·         If you have a cold you can blow your nose with a napkin. You don’t have excuse yourself and go to the toilet.

·         Lick your mouth when need it, do not have to use a napkin

·         It is OK to put a knife into your mouth.

·         You can start eating as soon as you are served. You do not have to wait for the others to be served

·         You can make unpleasant noises when you are at home (belching - grganie, farting-prdenie, sipping, smacking)

·         When you eat rolls, tear off a piece of it and then spread butter on it. Do not take a whole piece of a bread roll

After learning revise and check

05_FOOD.ppt

9th OCTOBER KAJ

 

Write a description of a member of your family in about 220-250 words on extra paper. 

Submit by MONDAY 9th October.

Please, divide your essays into paragraphs - introduction, body, conclusion.

MY FAMILY                                         

I Introduction     - What comes to  mind when you hear the word “family”?

II Body              - What kind is your family? Describe a functioning family.

                           - What kind of parents do you have? How well do you get on with them?

                      - How do you share housework in your family?           

                      - Characterize a family member - his/her character and character traits-

                         and describe his/her physical  appearance. Write about a little bit about his/her

                         past life, your relation to him/her, your opinion of him/her, and his/her current

III Conclusion    - Are you happy with your family?

3rd October

1 Draw a family tree of Vicky´s ancestors using the clues in your exercise-books.

2 Learn the topic Family and revise names of family members. Then talk about your family using the vocabulary and information from your notes and the text below.

3 Complete the subhead Domestic chores with these ones and write them into exercise-books:

make beds (ustlať postele), hang the clothes on the washing line (zavesiť bielizeň na šnúru)

working in the garden: sow seeds (posiať semená), plant (sadiť) flowers/bushes/trees, weed the flowerbeds (poliať kvetinové záhony), cut the grass (kosiť trávu), mow the lawn (pokosiť trávnik kosačkou)

other activities: doing the shopping, picking up children from school, cooking, walking the dog, feeding pets, fixing broken things (opravovať pokazené veci) 

01_FAMILY.ppt

• Name, age, date of birth, address, marital status, weekdays (daily routine) and weekends, important moments in your life
• Members of your family (appearance –výzor, character, hobbies), housework
• your perfect partner, your vision of your own family
• Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?

A family usually consists of (pozostáva z) a mother, father and their children (siblings (súrodenci) – brother, sister), and grandparents (grandfather and grandmother) who live together in one home. They are members of an immediate family (najbližšia rodina). But a family doesn’t consist just of our immediate family. We have cousins, uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, mothers-in-law, fathers-in-law, sisters-in-law, brothers-in-law, who are members of our extended family (širšie príbuzenstvo).

A functioning family should provide protection (ochrana), education, help and security (bezpečnosť) to all its members. Strong relationships (vzťahy) are often created between siblings (súrodenci), cousins, parents, aunts, uncles, grandparents and other relatives (príbuzní).

All family members have some duties (povinnosti) and responsibilities (zodpovednosti). Parents should teach their children what is good and bad, how to solve problems (riešiť problem) in life, how to become an independent (nezávislý) person and care about (starať sa o koho) others. Democratic parents talk with their children and respect them. Strict parents (prísni rodičia) do not make compromises, which often creates a generation gap (generačná priepasť/rozdiel) between them and their own children. The main duty of children is learning and going to school. They should also help their parents with housework (domáce práce). (I do the shopping, I do the washing up, I tidy up my room, I take out the trash; my mum cooks, washes and dries the dishes, hoovers the floor, clears the table, sets the table, does the washing/washes the clothes, takes the dog for a walk; my father is responsible for feeding the dog, washing the windows, shoveling the snow (odhadzovanie snehu), washing the car, cleaning the toilet and bathroom; my sister’s duty is (povinnosťou mojej sestry je) to dust the furniture (utierať prach z nábytku), to hang out (vyvesiť) the clothes/washing, to put away books, to make her bed, to water the flowers, to watch my little brother (dávať pozor na malého brata) and sometimes she goes shopping with me and my mum.

Modern European families are monogamous (monogamné) most of young people get married (sa vydáva/žení) in their late twenties or early thirties. Many young people live together in the same home but are not a husband and wife. This is called cohabitation (spolužitie “na divoko”). Older generations think this is not correct.

The wedding (svadba) is a formal act and it takes place in a town hall (radnica) or in a church (kostol). The engaged couple(snúbenecký pár) exchange their wedding rings (obrúčky) and promise themselves (sľúbiť si navzájom) to live together in good and bad and in illness too. Nowadays, many couples are divorced (rozvedené). Their frequent reasons for a divorce are problems with trust (dôvera), money, living with parents and parents-in-law, alcohol, drugs, gambling (gamblerstvo) and unemployement (nezamestnanosť).

When one of the parents dies, children stay with a single parent (jediný rodič). A woman who loses (stratí) her husband (manžel) is called a widow (vdova) and a man is called a widower (vdovec). When they get married again, the new parents are called step- parents (nevlastní rodičia) and their children are step-sisters and step-brothers. Sometimes, divorced parents get married once again. Bad relationships with new step-parents lead to (viesť k niečomu) problems and frequent arguments(časté hádky).

Family life is different all around the world. In Slovakia many families meet together for special days, such as on birthdays, at weddings, feasts (hody/hostiny) and funerals (pohreby), graduation ceremonies (promócie). A family, a real home and relatives (príbuzní) are what we need for life. They always help us when we need them.

• Biography, address, date of birth, marital status (single-slobodný, married- ženatý/vydatá, divorced-rozvedený/á, widow-vdova, widower, single mother – slobodná matka, single parent family, bachelor [bečlr](starý mládenec), spinster (stará dievka), boy/girlfriend, fiancé (snúbenec) [fionsei] – man you plan to marry/fiancée – woman you plan to marry, engagement – zásnuby, engagement ring, to be engaged – byť zasnúbený, wedding – svadba, bridegroom –ženích, bride – nevesta, wedding ceremony, honey moon – svadobná cesta, marriage – manželstvo, orphan – sirota, husband, wife, parents, mother, father); nuclear family – people you live with (najbližšia rodina, mother, father, siblings), step (nevlastná)- mother, brother, sister, mother-in-law (svokra) ; extended family – all your relatives (príbuzní) – cousin, uncle, aunt, grandparents,
• Important moments in your life (birth of your brother or sister, wedding anniversaries of your grandparents and parents, your birthday, family celebrations and holidays, moving from one place to another, the day when I went to school for the first time, the day when I learned that I had passed the talent exams and was accepted at the secondary school of arts, the day when I met my boyfriend/girlfriend, etc.)
• Members of your family – appearance (výzor), character (vlastnosti, charakter), hobbies. O najbližšej rodine vedieť a aspoň nejakého bratranca, prípadne uja, tetu), describe your family tree (rodostrom)
• Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?
• Family relations –celebrations (oslavy, sviatky, narodeniny, Vianoce, Veľká Noc when all members of your family get together), your daily routine – weekday, weekend (čo robíš cez deň, čo cez víkendy – pozor, prítomný jednoduchý čas, dej sa opakuje) (I wake up/get up at 6.oo o’clock, make my bed, clean my teeth, wash my face, have a shower, get dressed, comb my hair, have breakfast, put on my coat, leave home  at 7.00, I go to school by bus, my mum takes me to school, it takes me about 30 minutes to get to school, my lessons start at... and usually finish at, I have/do not have lunch at school canteen, I come back home/get home at..., I have a rest, have something for my lunch, do my homework, help my mother, watch TV, draw, paint, prepare for school, revise for my exams, go out with my friends, read a book, listen to the music, have a bath, go to bed.
• Generation gap (medzigeneračné rozdiely) – do your parents understand your problems, do they help you with them, do you talk to them about common things and about your relationships with your friends? Are they strict?
• How do you help your parents – house chores (domáce práce) ( I do the washing up, I go shopping, I walk my dog, take out the rubbish, I do the hoovering, every day I make my bed, on Sundays I usually tidy up my room / clear up the mess in my room, I play with my younger sister, etc.) Ako sú rozdelené domáce práce, kto čo robí
• Typical Slovak family, compare (porovnaj) your family life with family life in other countries (napr. In China  they have a single child policy; in less developed countries – all members of a family usually live together, in developed countries – when children grow up, they tend to move and live on their own.
• Slovakia - typical Slovak family is a complete family (úplná rodina) with 2 children, often one of the parents is unemployed (nezamestnaný). They live in a family house in a village together with grandparents or they live in a town in a three-room flat or four-room flat in a housing estate (na sídlisku). Mother works in an office or in a shop and father is a driver or worker. They go on holiday once a year, usually to Croatia. But the number (počet) of incomplete (neúplných) families has increased (vzrástol), there are a lot of single parent families – usually mother and one child. There are a lot of divorces. People get divorced because they have problems with money, trust (dôvera), one of the partners has a love affair, they don’t understand each other, they have different interests, a husband is drug addict or alcoholic or gambler (hazardný hráč), they don’t love each other anymore. Families in towns do not live together, in villages it is common that 3 generations live together – grandparents, parents and their children, in Slovakia you can get married when you are 18, but in case there is a serious reason (e.g. pregnancy – tehotenstvo) you might get permission to get married starting with the age of 16. You can have a civil or churchwedding ceremony.
• Great Britain – children live with their parents until they finish their schools, but then they move and live on their own. A lot of families consist of one parent; there are lots of single-parent families. People often get divorced and get married again. Children often visit their parents at weekends, they go on holiday together and they spend Christmas together.
• The USA - children live with their parents until they finish their studies, but then they move and live on their own. They often live far away (veľmi ďaleko) from their parents, sometimes in a different state. Families usually get together on special days and occasions. They meet on Thanksgiving Day and eat roast turkey and vegetables. They have fun, they talk together and have family celebration. Families also meet at Christmas.
• Orphan – a child whose parents are dead, an orphan lives in an orphanage or a foster home, it is difficult to adopt children in our society, you have to fill in a lot of forms and they (the authorities) check your family, living conditions, income.

Otázky: 1. What does family mean to you?

2. What are the functions of a family?
3. What are the main roles of children and parents in a family?
4. What is cohabitation?
5. Why do people get divorced?
6. When does your family usually get together?
7. Describe your mother (appearance, character, hobbies)
8. Who are you closest to in your family and why? (kto ti je najbližší v rodine a prečo)
9. Make the pairs from the following words. Example: mother-father

Mother, brother, mother-in-law, aunt, niece, grandfather, daughter, sister-in-law, husband, father, sister, uncle, nephew, father-in-law, grandmother, wife, son, brother-in-law

10. What do you think, what are the qualities of an ideal father and mother? Use the phrases and vocabulary below to help you.

I think that an ideal father/mother should/shouldn’t be ……. (friendly, democratic, liberal, strict, helpful, reliable, emphatic, responsible)

In my opinion ideal parents should/shouldn’t…. (listen to their children, talk to their children, make compromises, solve their children’s problems, buy their children what they want, spend weekends with their children, punish their children)

Describing people – their appearance (opis ľudí – ich zovňajšok) How do they look like? 11. Describe 2 members of your family:

Age: young; middle-aged (v strednom veku); older; elderly (postarší), he is in his ealy 30s (má asi do 35 rokov), she is in her mid 30s (má asi 35 orkov); they are in their late 30s (majú takmer 40 rokov); he is retired (je na dôchodku)

Figure – build (postava): slim (štíhly); skinny (vychudnutý), thin (tenký, chudý), he is of medium build (je strednej postavy- ani chudý, ani tučný); he is well-built (je urastený); plump (bacuľatý); fat (tučný); overweight (obézny)

Height (výška): small, tall, short; he is of medium height (je strednej výšky)

Face (tvár): thin, chubby (bucľatý), round (okrúhla; oval (oválna) square (štvorcová); sun-tanned (opálená); pale (bledý), full lips (plné pery); thin lips; long/straight/turned up (vyvrátený) nose.

Skin (pleť): dark (snedý, tmavý), fair (svetlý).

Hair: long/short/straight (rovné)/curly (kučeravé) / wavy (vlnité); fringe (ofina), ponytail (vrkoč), spiky (na ježka), he is bald (on je plešatý), highlighted (melírované); dyed (farbené), blond, dark, fair (plavý, svetlý), grey, red, white.

Clothes: he/she usually wears casual (neformálne), smart (elegantné), fashionable (módne), old-fashioned (staromódne), conservative, elegant, comfortable (pohodlné), scruffy (rozgajdané) clothes, he/she is always neat (upravený);

Other features (iné znaky/črty): He wears glasses (nosí okuliare). He is scarred (je zjazvený). She has freckles (má pehy), he has a beard (bradu), moustache (fúzy), wrinkles (vrásky), he is unshaven (je neooholený).

 

prekvapenie na koniec, pre všetkých, ktorí si dali námahu dočítať text. Po kliknutí na nasledujúci link si môžte tento súbor stiahnuť rovno do mobilu a učiť sa maturitnú tému cestou z/do školy: 1.Family-NEW.docx

 

JUNE 2017

Write down 5 positive and 5 negative qualities of a good student and a bad student

                      5 positive and 5 negative qualities of a good teacher and a bad teacher

Example: a bad student: easy-going, inattentive, lazy, undisciplined, idle- nečinný, lenivý (idler - leňoch, flákač)

7.travelling.docx

21_TRAVELLING.ppt

Preštudujete si tému TRAVELLING in YES!book  pages 47-53. Písomne odpovedáte na otázky  na stranách 47, 48. Vzpracujete TASKS A až G a vyriešite TASK 3 Simulation písomne do knihy. RIAĎTE SA ppt. prezentáciou a doxc. témou.

25 MAY KLAUDIA A ALAN - HEALTH CARE - the topic ústne + dialógy U lekára, TEST - DVA TEXTY Z KÓPIE, SYMPTOMY, ČASTI ĽUDSKĚHO TELA  vedieť pomenovať !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

22 and 25 MAY

http://7.travelling.docx

21_TRAVELLING.ppt

25 May NEBUDEM ABSENTOVAŤ -  dobre sa pripravte a preštudujete si tému TRAVELLING in YES!book  pages 47-53. Písomne odpovedáte na otázky  na stranách 47, 48. Vzpracujete TASKS A až G a vyriešite TASK 3 Simulation písomne do knihy.

 

11 MAY

1 Vypracujte si odpovede na otázky What does a healthy life style mean?

                                                                What is meant by wholesome food? What is your idea of wholesome food?

                                                                Pomocné výrazy nájdete pod témou, ktorú perfekne ovládate.

2 Dva dialógy Patient and Doctor súvisia spolu. Vychádzajte z obidvoch dialógov a vytvorte jeden skompletizovaný.

6. HEALTH CARE

a) human body

b) common diseases and diseases caused by current lifestyles, injuries, mental and physical conditions, seeing a doctor, at the chemist’s/pharmacy

c) healthy lifestyles, physical and mental hygiene

d) health care (prevention, vaccination)

e) national/public and private health care, health insurance, specialists

More and more people today start to realise that good health means a longer and happier life. That is why they take better care of their health than before.

Most kinds of medicine begin when you’re ill. Preventive medicine begins when you’re well. The idea is very simple. If you make your body strong and healthy, then you won’t become ill. There are three ways to do this. They are: diet, relaxation, exercise. In general, a healthy person does not smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises. The trick to healthy living is making small changes – taking more exercise, adding fruit and vegetables to your diet (strava), adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water, having enough sleep, avoid stress – these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic changes.

For many people, bad health begins with a bad diet. Some eat the wrong kind of food. Others eat too much or too little. It’s not surprising that people like this often become ill. On the other hand, people concerned about their health eat healthier food. They try to eat regularly, avoid eating chips, hamburgers, food in tins and packets. Instead, they try to eat fresh fruit and vegetables, brown bread, fish and white meat and reduce the amount of salt, fat, and sugar.

Modern life is full of pressure and problems. Some people can control these. They sleep well, enjoy life, don’t worry very much and try to avoid stressful situations as much as possible. They know how to relax and that relaxation helps the body to rest and repair itself. Others are the opposite. They sleep badly, don’t enjoy life and worry all the time. People like this are suffering from stress. Stress is a kind of illness itself and it can lead to many others.

Exercise is very important for good health. Without it the body becomes slow and fat. It also becomes weak and less able to fight illness. Unfortunately, modern life makes it very easy to be lazy.

When we are ill, we usually see a doctor (GP – general practitioner). The doctor examines our body, asks about the symptoms and usually prescribes some medication, which is usually available on prescription in a pharmacy. In some cases we need to make an appointment with a specialist. When the illness is too serious to be treated at home, we are taken to hospital and sometimes even undergo surgery.

People who are employed pay their health insurance monthly. They do not need to pay for basic health care and basic medication. When they want extra care or special treatment, they have to pay the extra costs. Some people decide to go to a private health care establishment (zariadenie), usually for surgical interventions, delivery or dental care.

Everybody goes through various diseases during their childhood and adult life. Most of the diseases are not serious and do not take a long time to cure because we have efficient medication against them. Such diseases are flu, tuberculosis, or scarlet fever. However, there are diseases which we have problems to cure or cannot cure at all yet, such as cancer, AIDS or heart attacks (infarkt, srdcový záchvat).

A healthy lifestyle, prevention and personal responsibility for our health can help us avoid possible dangers. Many people care about their health, go to the doctor for check-ups (kontroly), get eye exams done, weigh themselves regularly, get vaccinated and see the dentist twice a year. Others still need to learn that good health means a longer and happier life and that they need to care about themselves.

                Human body consists of a head, neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs. It consists of blood, bones, muscles, skin and inner organs. The most important organs include a heart, lungs, stomach, liver (pečeň) and kidneys (obličky). A head consists of  hair and a face with eyes, ears, nose, mouth, lips, teeth, tongue, cheeks, chin, eyebrows, eyelashes, forehead and moustache or beard in men. An upper limb consists of a shoulder, an arm, an elbow, a wrist, a hand with fingers (index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and a thumb). Trunk consists or chest in men and breasts in women (u žien), back, waist, sex organs and hips (boky). A lower limb consists of a thigh, a knee, a calf (lýtko), a shin (píšťala), an ankle, a foot with toes and a heel.

                When you get ill, for example when you get food poisoning, flu, twisted ankle or cold you should see a doctor. If you want to see GP (general practitioner) you don’t have to make an appointment. If you need to see a specialist (an eye doctor) you have to make an appointment. You wait in the waiting room until the nurse calls your name. At the doctor’s surgery he usually asks about your symptoms. You tell him your symptoms. Then he takes your temperature and he examines your body. He tells you your diagnosis and prescribes you some pills, tablets, painkillers or drops. You go to the pharmacy/chemist’s and you show your prescription. They give you your medicine, you pay for the prescription and you go home. When you have got flu, you have to stay in bed, take your medicines, drink plenty of herbal tea with lemon and honey.

conventional/classical vs. alternative healthcare

Encyclopaedias offer a definition of medicine as any science or practice concerned with sickness and health.There are several types of medicine which can help us to beat illness. Classical (western or conventional) medicine offers treatment with painkillers. It fights against illness and disease with drugs and surgery by which doctors can save millions of people. On the other hand, taking a lot of medicine can destroy other organs of your body, e.g. liver or kidneys. That is why many people prefer other kinds of treatment which are sometimes called traditional, complementary or alternative medicine. The term traditional fits ancient arts such as herbalism but hardly applies to acupuncture or shiatsu. Alternative medicine looks at the whole person, not just the illness. This includes your age, your family background, eating habits, sleeping habits, regular exercises, job conditions, bad habits like drinking or smoking and problems you have to face in your everyday life.

There are different types of alternative medicine like acupuncture, homeopathy and osteopathy. Acupuncturists use needles to make a person's energy to flow in a more balanced way. The needles are rotated clockwise or anticlockwise, according to whether energy is to be stimulated or lessened.

Everything we need exists in nature which is why homeopathy uses natural plants and flowers to beat illness. Homeopathy is not concerned with the processes or causes of disease, but with its symptoms. Doctors regard their patients as unique individuals.

Osteopathy is a system of movements which correct problems with the bones and muscles. Osteopaths push, pull and twist the body with their hands which puts all the bones or muscles in the right place.

One of the reasons for the popularity of alternative medicine is that most alternative therapists give a patient more time than conventional doctors. In most European countries doctors see a new patient every ten or twenty minutes. Many symptoms are due to overwork or stress and an important part of a treatment is for patients to talk about their problems. Doctors themselves are tired and have very high stress levels. Both doctors and patients would benefit from more time for having consultation.

While alternative medicine treats the body without using chemicals, western medicine is very important in accidents and emergencies. The best solution is when western and alternative medicine work hand in hand.

 

1. Describe your illness (or your friend's if you are healthy). 

2. Complete the dialogues with suitable responses (use different ones):

1st dialogue

Doctor:   Hello. What's the problem?                                   

You:       Well,...............................................................        

D:            Does it hurt badly?                                                                                                                                                             

You:         ......................................................................   

D:      How long have you had this?                                    

You:    ..............................................................................   

D:      I'd like to examine you. Take off your shirt, please                                        

You:    .............................................................................

D:      No, it doesn't look too bad. It's just normal tonsilitis. Here's a prescription for some medicine. Take it               

three times daily. Come to see me next Tuesday.

You:    .............................................................................     

2nd dialogue 

D:        Good.........................     What's............................    

You:   I'm running a fever, coughing badly, I sneeze, feel tired and sleepy.

D:      OK. Open..............................................................

You:  "Ah." It hurts me to swallow and I ache all over.

D:      Strip.............................; take............................and now stop.......................................................

You:   Is it very serious, doctor?

D:        No, ....................; it's just ......................: get this medicine from..................and..................a day.

You:   Am I allowed to go to school?

D:      No,........................ .................... warm and drink ............................ You'll ...........................soon. In

a week you............................................again.

3. What children's diseases have you had and what diseases have you been vaccinated against?

What common ailments do children have?

mumps [mamps], measles [mi:zlz], rubeola [rubiola], chicken-pox [t/ikan poks], scarlet fever [skarlet firve], be a scarlet fever carrier, otitis [au'taitis] (zapal ucha), vaccination certificat('veksi'neisnt sa:tifikit], tuberculosis [tju:,be:kju'lausis], tetanus [tetanas], polio [paulisu], smallpox [smo:lpoks], diphtheria [diftieria], whooping cough [hu:pii\ kofj, rabies [reibi:z]

have a cold, (the) flu, cough, a sore throat, to cough, bronchitis [bron'kaitis], tonsilitis [tonsi'Iaitis], pneumonia [nju:'mäuniä], be hoarse [ho:s], lack of appetite, vomit, have stomachache, heartburn, nausea [no:sjä], indigestion [indi'dzestfän], constipation [konsti´peifän], diarrhoea [daiä:riä], ulcer [alsa], bilious attack [biljäs ätäk], appendicitis [äpendi'saitis], jaundice [dzo:ndis], backache, slipped disc, rheumatism [ru:mätizm], earache, encephalitis [ensäfä'laitis], be dizzy [dizi], veneral disease [vi'niäriäl], typhoid fever [taifoid], plague [pleig], cholera [kolärä]

4.   What diseases are considered to be "civilization al diseases"? What causes them? How can they be avoided?

mental disorders:                                               -

nervous breakdown, stress, depression, a headache, insomnia [in'somnie], suffer from nerves

diseases of the blood system:            .

high blood pressure, a heart attack, anaemia [ä'ni;mjä], leukaemia [lju:'ki:miä], varicose veins [värrikäus veinz]

skin diseases:                                                          .

rash [räs], acne [äkni], eczema [eksimä], itch, scratch, pimple [pimpl], scurvy [skä:vi]

eating disorders:

anorexia, bulimia

others:

backache, defective hearing (poskodeny sluch), allergy, overweight, asthma [äsmä], diabetes [daiä'bi:tiz], malignant tumours [mä'lignänt tju:mäz], cancer [känsä], drug addiction [drag ä'dikfän], drug addict [ä'dikt] (narkoman) , be addicted to alcohol, die of an overdose (zomriet na predavkovanie), break the habit, veneral diseases (pohlavne choroby) , AIDS, hectic life style, lack of vitamins (nedostatok vitaminov), polluted environment, unhealthy daily routine, insufficient sleep (nedostatocny spanok)

What does a healthy life style mean?

have a regular daily routine, sufficient sleep (dostatocny spanok), take a rest, overwork(prepracovanost), avoid excitement (vyhybat sa rozruseniu), get excited znervoznovat sa , vyrusovat sa) , no smoking, no or little alcohol, healthy, wholesome food (vyvazena strava), be on a diet (mat dietu) , physical training, go in for sports (venovat sa sportom) , go for walks, take a walk, jogging, harden the body(spevnovat si telo)                           

What is meant by wholesome food? What is your idea of wholesome food?

-  enough/a lot of vitamins, eat fruit and raw (surová) vegetables, drink good water

-  eat slowly, take time to eat, eat more times a day in small amounts/ v malych mnozstvach, eat at a nicely set table( pri pekne upravenom stole)

-  not eat smoked meat (údeniny) and sausages (or a little), not drink spirits (alkoholické nápoje) , little salt and spices, little or no coffeine

-  eat preferably lean  meat jest prednostne chudé mäso, fish, poultry (hydina) , cereals, fibrous food (vlákniny), dark bread instead of white flour pastries (pecivo)  (rolls/rozky, buns/zemle, cakes/kolace), vegetable oil and butter

-  avoid fat meat/ vyhybat sa tucnemu masu , animal fat/zivocisnemu tuku and high calorie dish/vysokokalorickým jedlám

24-26 APRIL

Worksheet 2  LEARN THE TEXT AT THE DOCTOR´S

healthcare_worksheet_2.pdf

LEARN the whole worksheet 1 (Human body, Stress and fitness, Symptoms of illness)

healthcare_worksheet1.pdf

+ YES!book page 41- 43 TASKS from A to D

VOCABULARY pages 45-46

24 APRIL

topic: basics of the healthcare topic: 6._healthcare.docx

08_HEALTH_CARE.ppt

additional texts:

Health_Care.doc

10 APRIL

Shopping and services YES!book 36-37. Vocabulary 39-40, Learn new words and expressions.

SHOPPING AND SERVICES

prezentácia k maturitnej téme: 06_SHOPPING.ppt

maturitná téma na stiahnutie 5._shopping_and_services.docx

 What role does shopping play in the lives of modern people?

- Some people enjoy it, and will wander around shops to have  a look, with no  particular goal.

- Others hate shopping and find it unpleasant.

- Shopping may involve stress, e.g. during summer or winter sales.

- Special offers result in stressful behaviour and overcrowded shops.

 What shops used to dominate in the past?

- small specialised stores called corner shops: the proprietor (majiteľ) would   stand behind the counter, serve the customers, and provide them with the latest news.

- more personal approach

- longer time to spend in queues

 What are the most frequently visited shops these days?

1. huge supermarkets/hypermarkets
2. shoppping centres

-          being built on the outskirts of towns

-          everything under one roof: shops, boutiques, supermarkets

                                                  relaxation area: cafes, restaurants, cinemas,fitness, aquaparks..

                                                        services: banks, post offices, hairdresser`s…

-          the opening hours are longer

                                                 a free children centre

-     enough parking space

3.   department stores

      4.    local street market

      {5    vending machines  - (automaty) they are usually at hand (po ruke) when waiting for a bus or a train and they are non-stop.

                                           - people buy tickets, chewing gums, sweets, crisps, drinks etc.

                                           - be careful, sometimes your coin might get stuck (môže sa zaseknúť) and you get nothing out of it

                                           - sometimes they are out of order}

  What can you find in a typical shop and how can you pay?

-          there are: counters with cash registers, supermarkets usually have checkouts

-          there are either shopping baskets or better shopping trolleys to make the client spend more ( they are big and seem to be so empty)

-          fitting rooms/changing rooms

-          rows of shelves with products

-          After having paid for goods you are given receipt (pokladničný blok) that gives you a guarantee (záruka) and possibility of taking the goods back and getting a refund (refundácia-vrátenie peňazí).

You can pay: in cash, by cards (debit or credit), by cheques, in installments.

-          Some shops offer buying on credit ( invisible money makes you buy more).

-          Customer`s card for loyal customers: they can either collect points or use the card for buying products and pay only, say, once a month or year the whole sum.

 How did specialised shops develop?

a bookshop, a newsagent`s, a stationer`s, a music shop, a baker`s, a fishmonger`s, a grocer`s, a greengrocer`s, a butcher`s, a shoe shop, a clothes shop, a florist`s, a chemist`s, …

-          you can get valuable advice about the product: the assistant there is an expert and knows all details about the product and gives you a helping hand

-          prices may sometimes be higher

-          you don`t buy at random (na vlastnú päsť a nebezpečenstvo)

 What do shops do to make you spend more money? (Sale Techniques)

-          the shop window – attractive and often changed

-          the shop door is very wide – attracts more people, they just browse, but at the end they usually buy something

-          nice, slow music

-          often offer reduction on prices (two for the price of one

                                                                  buy one and get one free…)

      -     the arrangement  (usporiadanie v obchode) is often changed so that you

            search, spend more time and you are likely to buy something more

-          in the changing rooms – mirrors make you look slim and healthy

-          special lights make meat look fresher

-          cafes for nervous husbands

-          “eye level”

-          “impulse buy”

-          in addition to quality, the packaging, services, delivery date, payment mode   play an important role, too

 Does advertising influence you when shopping?

The aim is – to influence a person to buy without noticing it. Buyers will always pick up the product that sounds more familiar to them.(Otherwise I am not that fashion conscious to run to a shop to get the latest craze I`ve just seen in an advertisement. Inak si myslím, že nie som veľmi na módu, nebežím hneď do obchodu, aby som si kúpil/-a posledný výstrelok, ktorý som práve videl/-a v reklame.)

 Do you enjoy hagggling/bargaining about prices?

-          you may try it in street markets

-          haggling is very frequent for instance in Turkey. In some countries it is almost impolite to refuse to haggle.

Does it help to shop with a shopping list?

-          makes shopping quicker

-          you don`t forget anything

-          you don`t spend so much money

What is the advantage of shopping arcades and what is a chain store?

-          Shopping arcades (nákupné pasáže) are conveniet and comfortable especially when it`s raining outside.

-          A chain store is a shop with subsidiaries (pobočky) in many towns.

-          prices are the same everywhere

Do you like shopping via the Internet? (online shopping)

-          on the Internet many things are cheaper but you usally have to pay for the transport which might get expensive

-          you can touch the goods, try it on, or smell before buying it

-          quick buy, no waste of time

Do you know any famous British shops?

      -     Harrods – a department store, very expensive and luxurious, the Queen shop, houses  the biggest hair and beauty salon in Europe

      -     Marks and Spencer – a chain store with clothes

What SERVICES do people use apart from shops?

-          In Britain it`s very frequent to take the washing (bielizeň) to the laundry (práčovňa) and wait there while the machines are washing it.

-          In the Slovak republic people prefer doing it at home as almost everybody has a washing machine at home but people do use dry-cleaner`s for suits, coats, covers that can`t be washed in water.

-          people use services of hairdressers, men barbers

-          women like going to beauty salons ( You can have your face massaged or complexion cleaned with various cosmetic and chemical substances)

-          nail studios provide manicure and pedicure

-          fitness centres help you keep fit

-          if you need a new pair of glasses, you heve to go to the optician`s to get one

-          people buy old books in second hand bookshops

-          people rent flats and houses through estate agent`s

-          people buy their holidays at the trevel agent`s

-          if you need a photo, you may go to the photographer`s

-          when clocks or watches break down, they are taken to the watcher`s

-          shoes are repaired in shoe repair shops

-          any defects in cars are removed in car repair shops

-          it is post services that deliver us letters, packages, telegrams or money directly home or into the letterbox

-          it is delivery service that deliver us pizzas, the goods bouhgt by us, bunches of flowers order by us...

-          There are more and more companies providing services. For example, various skilled workers: joiners (stolári),upholsterers (čaluníci), and wall painters (maliari), tailors (krajčíri) or window cleaners. You mostly need a trade licence to practise these professions.

Exercise:

Explain these phrases in English:

I am flat broke.

I had to pay for that out of my own pocket.

Don`t buy a pig in a poke.

VOCABULARY:

antigue shop – starožitnosti

DIY shop – obchod pre domácich majstrov

ironmonger`s – železiarstvo

garden centre – záhradné centrum

toyshop – hračkárstvo

betting shop – stávková kancelária

jeweller`s – klenotníctvo

confectioner`s – cukráreň

shoplifter – zlodej v obchode

be out of stock – nebyť na sklade

till – pokladňa (registračná)

stall/stand – stánok

price tag – cenovka

petshop – obchod s domácimi zvieratami a pre domáce zvieratá

be on display – vystavené

Questions to the topics:

1. What is the relation between a shop assistant and a client?
2. What is better: buying clothes in a shop or having them made by a tailor or dressmaker?
3. What do you spend most of your money on?
4. Do you prefer a talkative shop assistant or one that leaves you alone?
5. What is the shopping of the future? (via telephone, catalogues, TV, computer...)

 

Translation to the exercise:

1. Som úplne švorc.

2.   To som musel zaplatiť z vlastného vrecka.

3. Nekupuj mačku vo vreci.

 

Shopping

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVDomocdGak

maturitná téma na stiahnutie 5._shopping_and_services.docx

Shopping and services

a) shopping facilities (shops, hypermarkets, markets)

b) services (post office, bank, police station, petrol station)

c) sales promotion and its influence on customers

d) ways of shopping and payment (catalogue selling, to buy something on an instalment plan, weekly shopping, e-commerce

e) imported products, export of Slovak goods

 

A lot of people love shopping. There are also people who hate shopping and say that it is a waste of time (strata času). But whether (či už) the people like shopping or not they have to go to a shop, more or less frequently, to buy what they need because shopping is a necessity (nevyhnutnosť).

                There are many kinds of shops ranging from (v rozmedzí od) large department stores (obchodné domy), self-service shops (samoobsluhy) and supermarkets to (do) small specialized shops such as the grocer’s/grocery (potraviny, zmiešaný tovar), baker’s (pekár)/bakery (pekáreň), butcher’s/butcher (mäsiarstvo), greengrocer’s (obchodník s ovocím a zeleninou)/greengrocery (zelovoc), stationer’s (papiernictvo), chemist’s (lekáreň s drogériou), ironmonger’s (hardware shop – železiarstvo), haberdasher’s (textilná galantéria), bookshop, footware shop (shoe shop) and boutique (butik – obchod s módnym oblečením). Local shops that sell food, alcohol and magazines are called corner shops in Britain and convenience stores (zmiešaný tovar, večierka) in the USA, where they are often open 24 hours a day. Wherever the customers enter they are attended by shop assistants who are ready to help them: What can I do for you? Can I help you? What will you have? Is anyone serving you? What can I show you? These are the most frequent questions heard in shops since morning till late evening. Nowadays more and more customers prefer shopping in large department stores with self service, where everything can be found under one roof, to shopping in small specialized shops.

                At the grocer’s people can buy foodstuff (potraviny) including flour, sugar, salt, eggs, vegetable oil, stewed fruit (kompót), various kinds of tea and coffee, bottled beer and juice, sweets, chocolate, frozen (mrazené) and tinned (konzervovaný) vegetables and fruit. There are also dairy products (mliečne výrobky) such as milk, butter, cream (smotana), cheese and yoghurt. A grocery store, more often called a corner shop, can be found locally in most town and cities.

                A SUPERMARKET is a large self-service (samoobslužný) grocery shop. It also sells some other products, such as clothes or household appliances (domáce spotrebiče). In Slovakia we have several chains of supermarkets, e.g. BILLA, LIDL, JEDNOTA, TERNO, etc.

                At the baker’s various kinds of fresh bread, rolls, buns (brioška, koláčik), doughnuts and cakes can be bought.

                The butcher sells meat including pork (bravčové), beef (hovädzie), lamb (jahňacina) and poultry (hydina – chicken, duck, turkey, goose). Here we can buy smoked (údené) meat products such as ham, bacon (slanina), sausages (klobásy, párky). At the butcher’s people can also buy tinned (konzervované) and frozen (mrazené) meat and fish.

                The people, who like gardening and some do-it-yourself (DIY) work around the house, frequently need some hardware (železiarsky tovar) and tools (náradie). They can go to an ironmonger’s in Britain or a hardware store in the US to buy hammers (kladivo, pliers (kliešte), nails (klince), and other tools and materials.

                At the stationer’s writing paper, wrapping paper (baliaci papier), envelopes (obálky), notebooks, pens, pencils, crayons (pastelky), sharpeners (strúhatká), glue, rubber, rulers, and compasses (kružidlo) are kept. All the things needed by school children can be bought here.

                The haberdasher’s (textilná galantéria) is the place where the housewives go when they need buttons (gombíky), threads (nite), needles (ihly) and pins (špendlíky).

                Fresh vegetables and all kinds of fruit can be bought at the greengrocer’s. Many people prefer shopping at the market where there is a wider choice (širší výber) of potatoes, cabbages (kapúst), beans (fazúľ), carrots, tomatoes, apples, pears, oranges and bananas.

                The chemist’s is a specialized shop where people can buy medicines. In the USA they sell medicines at the pharmacy. In Britain the chemist also keeps cosmetics and toilet supplies (toiletry) (toaletné potreby) such as make-up, shaving-cream, body lotion, razor blades, shampoo, soap and tooth-brushes, tooth paste, toilet paper and sanitary pads/towels (hygienické vložky).

                Boutiques sell the latest fashion. Here especially the young people have a wide choice of dresses, shirts, skirts – plain (rovné) and pleated (skladané), blouses – made of cotton or silk, pullovers including the fashionable polo-neck pullovers, blue jeans, but also stockings (pančuchy), tights (pančuchové nohavice), socks and scarves (šatky, šály). They also sell fashion jewellery (bižutéria) such as bracelets, rings, earrings, necklaces and other accessories – for example purses (peňaženky), belts (opasky), handbags (kabelky), gloves (rukavice) hats and caps.

Some of the boutiques also offer leather goods such as leather jackets, shoes, bags and leather belts.

                We buy flowers at the florist’s, jewellery at the jeweller’s and high quality food (like cheeses and cold meats from different countries) at a delicatessen.

                There are lots of people who can’t imagine their day without reading the newspaper, so they go to a newsagent’s, a newsstand (a small movable structure on the street) or a kiosk (a small shop which has an open window) to pick up their morning paper, weekly magazine or just chewing gum. They also sell cigarettes and public transport tickets (lístky na MHD).

                Many people like to go shopping to DEPARTMENT STORES OR SHOPPING CENTRES. THE DEPARTMENT STORES are large buildings usually several storeys high (niekoľko poschodí vysoké). They have many departments which offer their customers all kinds of foodstuff, clothes, shoes, toys, sports equipment, leather goods, cleaning supplies and cosmetics, china (porcelain) and glass, hardware goods, household appliances (domáce spotrebiče), books, stationary (papiernicky tovar) and furniture (nábytok), all under one roof.

Nearly all the big department stores have cafés, snack bars or restaurants where the people can relax when they are tired of shopping. Department stores are found both in city centres and the suburbs (okrajových štvrtiach) of towns, usually with a large car park (parkovisko) next to them or under them.

Shopping in these places has a lot of advantages (výhod): customers (zákazníci) can get almost everything under one roof and save time not having to run from one small shop to another. It is more convenient (pohodlné) since they can buy large amounts (množstvá) of goods (tovaru), using a shopping trolley (nákupný košík), and then easily get everything they bought back to their car to put into the boot (kufor auta). Prices are usually lower in department stores, too, and there are also special sales (špeciálne výpredaje), discounts (zľavy) and bargains (výhodné nákupy, zľavnené) at different times of the year. The big department stores started in America. One of the biggest department stores in Britain is Selfridge’s in London. It is situated in the Oxford Street in the centre of the West End. Other world-famous stores include Harrods in London and Macy’s in New York.

                A HYPERMARKET is a big store which combines a supermarket and a department store. A wide variety of products are sold under one roof, such as clothes, household appliances and furniture. These days, a lot of Slovaks do their weekly shopping in a hypermarket, such as Carrefour or Tesco. An example of an American hypermarket is Wal-Mart, in Britain they have SAFEWAY and TESCO. Hypermarkets are usually situated outside cities and are surrounded (sú obklopené) by large car parks. Some are even (dokonca) open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

                In Slovakia more and more SHOPPING MALLS/SHOPPING CENTRES are built every year. A shopping mall is a large indoor shopping centre that contains (obsahuje) many different types of stores. These shops are often open for much longer hours, including evenings and Sundays. The shopping malls have cafés, snack bars or restaurants where people can relax when they are tired of shopping. They also have cinemas, wellness centres and bowling centres.

Nowadays more and more customers prefer shopping in hypermarkets, department stores or shopping malls, where everything can be found under one roof, to shopping in small specialised shops. It is very difficult for small specialised stores to compete (konkurovať) with them and that is why a lot of the small shops close down (sa zatvára). People who prefer small shops say that the goods are fresher and the contact with the shop assistants is much more personal in small shops. They also do not spend too much time shopping. On the other hand, big stores have a wider choice of goods (širší výber tovaru), usually at cheaper prices and everything can be bought in one place. Big shopping centres are often criticised because they encourage (povzbudzujú, podporujú) the consumer society (konzumnú spoločnosť) – extensive advertising (rozsiahlu reklamu) and media influence (mediálny vplyv). They produce so called shopaholics who cannot resist (nemôžu odolať) spending money on things that they do not really need.

                Apart from direct sale (priamy predaj), it is becoming more and more popular to buy goods through mail order. Many people buy things from catalogues (z katalógov) and Internet shops. Slovaks mostly use the Internet to buy books, electronics, clothes and also things they cannot find in shops. Door-to-door selling (podomový predaj) is becoming less and less popular in our country. More and more Slovaks get things on hire purchase (na pôžičku) which means that they only pay a part (časť) of the required (požadovanej) amount (množstva/sumy) of money for the goods they want and then they pay the rest of sum by regular instalments (pravidelné splátky).

                Slovakia imports a lot of products from different countries all over the world and exports mainly vehicles (motorové vozidlá - cars), machinery, electric equipment (elektrické zariadenia), metals, chemicals and plastics.

SERVICES. There are many companies which do not offer any goods for sale, but they provide (poskytujú) services for people. In everyday life, people need different kinds of services. Women have their hair cut by hairdressers, men have their beard shaved by barbers. If your car has broken down you go to the garage to have it serviced where it is repaired by car-mechanics. If you need some fuel for your car, you go to the petrol station where you can fill up (natankovať) your car with petrol or diesel. At some petrol station there is also a car wash, where they wash your car. Garden designers design gardens, plumbers (údržbári) repair gas pipes and central heating. If people want to sell or buy a new house or flat, they go to a real estate agent. When people are ill, they go to the hospital where doctors and nurses look after them.

                In a town there are a lot of different kinds of services. Almost everybody uses the services of a POST OFFICE. You go to a post office when you want to post a letter, parcel, postcard or to pay bills. You can also buy stamps, envelopes and lottery tickets there. Slovak companies also use UPS or DHL to deliver (na doručenie) their documents, because they guarantee express delivery worldwide. Nowadays, people do not send letters very often. They send e‑mails and text messages instead (namiesto toho).

                BANKS provide (poskytujú, zabezpečujú) financial services for people. We can pay for goods and services IN CASH (v hotovosti) or BY CREDIT CARD/VISA. In Slovakia it is not common to pay by cheque (platiť šekom). Most people have a current account (bežný účet) in a bank. If they need some money, they go to the bank or they can get it from a bank machine (bankomat).

                POLICE protect our lives and property (majetok). In Slovakia there are two groups of policemen: the city and the state police. City policemen check our documents and behaviour in the street. If someone behaves badly, for example he is drunk or drug addict (drogovo závislý), they take them to the police station. They also fine (pokutujú) drivers for bad parking. If citizens (občania are victims of crime (obeťmi zločinu) or involved in (to be involved in – byť zúčastnený na/ byť účastníkom čoho) a car accident (dopravnej nehody), people call the state police. State policemen fine drivers for speeding, too. At the police station people can also get new identity cards (občianske preukazy) and passports.

SALES PROMOTION (reklama - PODPORA PREDAJA)

In the past, during the communist period, shops and services were owned by (boli vlastnené) by the state. There were no private petrol stations, shops or banks. Nowadays, all shops and services try to stay competitive (konkurencieschopný) on the market and they invest into advertising (reklamy). Advertising in the media has an enormous impact (dopad, vplyv) on people. When a company introduces a new product or service, they usually do a promotion (podporná kampaň predaja). This can be done through various channels (kanály), such as TV, radio, press, billboards or the Internet, which are often combined to achieve (aby sa dosiahol) a bigger effect (účinok). When you watch TV, there are several commercial breaks (reklamné prestávky) that interrupt (prerušujú) a programme you are watching. We usually go to the toilet or have some snack during these breaks. Most people hate those breaks and think they are annoying (otravujúce). But there are people who can easily get influenced by such advertising and they buy products because they believe they are as good as showed on TV. Sometimes we do not even realize that a product or a company is advertised, for example in a film.

(competition – konkurencia, competitive – konkurencie schopný, advertising – reklama, advertisement (reklamný inzerát), commercial break – reklamná prestávka.

27 March

FOOD

 My Eating Habits - 250 words at least. Mainly use many words which are written in bold in the text FOOD.

the essay should contain these points

1. evaluation of your eating habits 

2. what you usually have for breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper during the school week (drinks included) and at weekend

3. your favourite food/fruit/vegetable/drink and why

4. steps you should take to change your eating habits in order to improve them

5. what you eat on special occasions when your family/friends get together - Christmas, Easter, your birthday.

2 Make notes from the topic SHOPPING ( Services not yet)

 

13 March

1 Watch  this short video (the link is below) a make notes about the types of shops/stores

2 EXAMINATION: FOOD Words on  page 93-94 in YES!book and the topic FOOD on page 89-90 + worksheet: adjectives with definitions, YOUR DIET by heart and words TYPES OF FOOD

05_FOOD.ppt

17.food.docx

05_CARD_food.pdf

 FOOD

1. Food and drinks during a day, your favourite meal. How do you make it?
2. Places where people eat (restaurants, at home, at school canteen)
3. National cuisine – traditions, specialties, table manners
4. Eating habits, healthy food

People are different all over the world. People who live in colder countries need to eat more fatty (mastný) products and food which give them a lot of energy. People who live in hot countries need to eat a lot of fruit and vegetables to give their body enough energy and liquids. People who do physical work need a lot of energy and they also eat a lot of fatty products and food. In China people use chopsticks (paličky) when they eat, in Europe we use spoon (lyžica), knife (nôž) and fork (vidlička), in Africa they use their fingers or a piece of bread.

4. We have different eating habits (stravovacie návyky). Our eating habits depend on (závisia od) our lifestyle (životný štýl), our work, our mood (nálada) and feeling, our financial situation, our age and of course, the country we come from. Rich people usually eat healthier meals (jedlá) and poor people usually eat fast-food meals or junk food and they do not eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. Women usually eat healthier food than men. Those who want to eat healthy, eat a lot of low-fat products (yogurts, cheeses, skimmed milk), their food is rich in minerals, fibre (vláknina) and vitamins. They eat whole-grain (celozrnný) bread, they avoid (vyhýbajú sa) fatty meals. Women who want to lose weight eat as little as possible and kids are often fussy (vyberavý) about their food. Children often like fast-food meals such as (ako je) hamburgers, fish and chips, doughnuts, cakes, and also pasta, pizza and sausages. They love ketchup, but a lot of them hate healthy food. They like drinking fizzy drinks, lemonades and Coke is their favourite drink. They love sweet meals such as pancakes, cakes, puddings, jelly, ice-cream etc. (and so on).

1. Normally, we eat three times a day – we have breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Breakfast. Slovaks usually have bread or a bread roll (rohlík) with butter, jam, honey, ham, some cheese or salami for breakfast. Some prefer scrambled eggs (praženica) or sausages. Others have a bowl (miska) of cereals (cereálie) such as cornflakes or muesli with milk. We usually drink a cup of coffee or a cup of tea for breakfast. Children have a glass of milk or cocoa for breakfast. They like yogurts, toasts with chocolate spread (nátierka), bread and butter with honey or jam. The English usually begin the day with a cup of tea or coffee. British people have for breakfast toasts with butter and cheese, a bowl of cereals with milk, a cup of tea or coffee or a glass of orange juice. They do not drink tea with lemon; they put milk in it instead. Then they have a cup of tea again and finish with toast and marmalade. But nowadays more and more people prefer lighter meal for breakfast. Later in the morning the English people have another cup of tea and some biscuits.

                The traditional English breakfast starts with cereals. It is often a bowl of cornflakes (ovsené vločky) with milk or porridge (ovsená kaša). This is sometimes followed by fried bacon and eggs or sausages (párky) and fried tomatoes, often at weekends. Children often eat toasts with beans in tomato sauce.

At about 10.00 o’clock in the morning we usually have a little snack, students at school eat their home-made (doma pripravené) snacks during their break after the third lesson.

The English lunch is a light meal consisting of warm dish (teplé jedlo) and a dessert, or ham and cheese sandwich, some fruit, pudding and ice cream. Lamb (jahňacina), beef or chicken is served with potatoes, vegetables and gravy (šťava z mäsa).

In the afternoon the English have teatime again. They meet friends and have a tea party. They eat thin slices of bread with cheese and some fish and vegetables.

Dinner is the main meal of the day in Great Britain (and also in the USA). It is served at about 6 o´clock when all the members of the family are at home. This meal is often eaten in front of the television. Most dinners during the week are simple, people often use pre-cooked (predvarené) food – CONVENIENT FOOD (tinned or frozen) with frozen (mrazené) vegetables, which can be heated (môže byť zohriate) quickly. A lot of supermarkets sell frozen “TV dinners” which can be quickly prepared in the oven or a microwave. During the week the meal consists of soup and fish and chips which is considered to be typically British. The British often have chicken and boiled vegetables with pasta or rice for dinner. Sometimes they eat pork or beef steaks with vegetables. Then later in the evening around 10 o´clock it is time for light supper.

A lot of Americans love to have lunch and dinner “out” – at snack bars, fast food restaurants or expensive hotels. They also use take-away services. You go to the take-away restaurant, you buy your food, take it home and you eat it at home. Typical take-away food includes pizza, Chinese food, Indian food and the traditional fish and chips.

In our country lunch is the main meal of the day. It usually has two courses (chody). The first course is a soup and the main course consists of some meat with the side dish (príloha). Sometimes we have dessert. For lunch, Slovaks have some meat (mäso), it is usually pork (bravčové), beef (hovädzie) or poultry (hydina) with potatoes or rice. But we also eat a lot of pasta (veľa cestovín) and sweet meals.

The Slovaks prepare dinner themselves at home. It is either (buď) a warm meal or a sandwich. Sometimes they order pizza. Some people have light supper, often cheese and biscuits and a glass of milk or a mug of cocoa before they go to bed. Men usually have a glass of beer or a glass of wine in the evening.

2. People who are at work have their lunch at canteens (v jedálňach) or they go and buy something in fast-food restaurants (KFC or Mc Donald’s) or take-away restaurants. Pupils and students have lunch at school canteen or they eat their packed lunch (which their mums made for them the day before) at school. Businessmen often invite their business partners for lunch or dinner to a restaurant. There they can choose from daily menu which is usually cheaper and is usually offered during lunchtime. 

3. Each country has some traditional meals. Fish and chips are typically British. Pasta and pizza are considered typically Italian. Hamburger with chips is a typical American meal. In China they eat noodles and rice. Typical Slovak meal is “bryndzové halušky” (potato dumplings with sheep cheese). It is a kind of food prepared from potatoes and flour. Another traditional Slovak meal is “lokše” which are potato pancakes cooked on the stove (platni) or on a frying pan without oil. Another typical Slovak meal is cabbage soup (made of cabbage, pork, beef, plums, bacon and cream which we eat on Christmas Eve). For Christmas dinner the Slovaks usually have lentil soup (šošovicová polievka) or cabbage soup and potato salad with fried fish. We usually eat carp. The English and Americans have roast turkey with vegetables for their Christmas dinner. The British also eat Christmas pudding, which is a special cake and they eat it only on Christmas day. At Easter we usually eat smoked ham with potato salad and the English have hot cross buns on Easter Sunday.

Table manners – decide whether these manners are considered polite or impolite.

• Use your knife to cut and your fork to put the food in your mouth.
• Chew food with your mouth closed.
• Have a cigarette while other people eat.
• Sip your soup if it is too hot.
• Ask for things to be passed to you, don't lean over the table.
• If you have chewed the spice, spit it on the plate
• If you need to blow your nose, excuse yourself and go out of the room first.
• Answer your phone at the table and talk loudly and long enough.
• Don't grab everything you want first - help others to get their food and be prepared to share.
• Don't talk with your mouth full of food. It is not a good look!
• Eat with fingers if nobody tells you that you cannot do that.
• Put your elbows on the table, it is more comfortable.
• Do not pick anything out of your teeth. If it bothers you that bad, excuse yourself and go to the toilet to pick it.
• Always use a napkin to wipe your mouth, which should be on your lap when you do not use it.
• If you have a cold you can blow your nose with a napkin. You don’t have excuse yourself and go to the toilet.
• Lick your mouth when need it, do not have to use a napkin
• It is OK to put a knife into your mouth.
• You can start eating as soon as you are served. You do not have to wait for the others to be served
• You can make unpleasant noises when you are at home (belching - grganie, farting-prdenie, sipping, smacking)
• When you eat rolls, tear off a piece of it and then spread butter on it. Do not take a whole piece of a bread roll

 

2nd March

FOOD Words on  page 93-94 in YES!book and the topic FOOD on page 89-90 + worksheet: adjectives with definitions, YOUR DIET by heart and words TYPES OF FOOD

 

EXAMINATION+TEST: HOUSING + words from the worksheets, LIVING IN THE COUNTRY - WRITE the essay with linking words into your exercise-book.

13th February

• Naštudovať všetky hrubo vyznačené slová v teste pod úlohami.
• The worksheet in your mobile phone - finish the last vocabulary exercise. Learn words on this worksheet.
• Living in the City - a photo in your smart/mobile phone - READ with understanding ang replace the underlined words with one of the following:
• 1 Inspite of/Despite
• 2 Another point is that
• 3 All things considered
• 4 To sum up
• 5 one advantage is that
• 6 Moreover
• 7 pros and cons
• 8 One disadvantage is that
• 9 for instance
• 10 In my opinion
• 11 especially
• 12 Finally

 

• Write in  bullets  5-10 advantages and 5-10 disadvantages LIVING IN THE COUNTRY

 

2nd February

• MY FLAT/MY HOUSE -Description: place where your residence is situated, type of your house, name rooms, colours of the walls,  furniture, cosy/comfortable with all the conveniences, which room you like best and why

4. Housing (bývanie)

- my home (address, part of the town, description of your house/flat, domestic appliances – domáce spotrebiče, furniture - nábytok), neighbourhood (susedstvo, sídlisko, blízke okolie), facilities (zariadenia) in my neighbourhood

- housing in towns and villages – advantages and disadvantages (výhody a nevýhody)

- ideal housing (your ideas about your own house or flat)

- compare housing in Slovakia and Great Britain and the USA

LIVING IN TOWNS AND CITIES: We all are very much influenced by (ovplyvnení) the place where we grow up (vyrastať). Our whole life is marked by (poznačený) places where we live, stay or work. There comes a time when we want to settle down (usadiť sa) and create our own home. Every one of us has a dream home in a dream country which would correspond (zhodovať sa) to all our needs and desires (túžby). In real life we try to make the best possible compromise.

                Living in towns and cities has both advantages (výhody) and disadvantages (nevýhody). On the one hand (na jednej strane), there are many job opportunities (pracovné príležitosti), better schooling possibilities, a rich social life, and a lot of sports facilities (športové zariadenia). There are many cultural events held, such as concerts, art exhibitions, operas, theatre performances. People can go out to cafés, pubs, and night clubs. There are lots of shops, shopping malls or shopping centres where one can buy all sorts of goods (Tovar) under one roof (strecha). There are usually a few local hospitals which provide (poskytovať) a high standard of health care. On the other hand (na druhej strane), city inhabitants (-citizens, obyvatelia mesta) live in a polluted (znečistený), noisy, crowded (preplnený) and hectic place. The air in towns and cities is often polluted by fumes (dym) from factory chimneys (komín) and cars. There is often a lot of mess and dirt in the streets. A lot of city people live in housing estates (sídliská), which is not an ideal place to raise (vychovávať) children. The most serious problem of towns and cities is a high level of criminality caused by pickpockets (vreckári), shoplifters (vykrádači obchodov), burglars (lupiči), murderers (vrahovia) and drug dealers.

                In the past, there was a strong tendency to move to towns. Nowadays, more and more people move back to the country where they look for peace and a healthy way of living. Houses in villages are cheaper than the ones in towns. Living in suburbs (predmestie) is an option (možnosť, voľba) for people who want to stay away, but not very far from a town or city

                TYPES OF HOUSING IN BRITAIN, THE USA AND SLOVAKIA: British people prefer to live in houses rather than flats. There are several types of houses in Britain: terraced houses (radové domy), back-to-back houses (domy, ktoré majú spoločnú zadnú stenu, houses which share their back wall), town houses, semi-detached houses (dvojdomy, houses which have one wall in common), detached (samostaný) houses and bungalows (single-storey detached house). Terraced houses are built in a row (rad), back-to-back houses share a back wall, and semi-detached houses are joined (spojený) together by one common (spoločný) wall. A detached house stands by itself and a bungalow is built on one level.

Many Slovaks live in flats. A flat is situated in the same building as other flats, often forming part of a block of flats (panelák) or town house (bytovka). During the communist period a lot of huge (obrovský) housing estates (sídliská) were built in our country. These days, a lot of them are being reconstructed and new ones are being built but not as many as before. A flat may be very large with nearly as much space as a house or it may be just one room with a kitchen and a bathroom. Most of the flats in Slovakia are two-, three- or four-room flats.

Slovak houses are usually quite big and the older ones are sometimes shared (deliť sa o niečo) by two families – grandparents, their children and grandchildren. Living in rented (prenajímané) flats and houses is becoming quite normal especially for younger families.

                Slovaks and British people love gardening. Slovaks tend to (inklininovať k niečomu) have bigger gardens behind (za) their houses and they spend quite a lot of time growing (pestovať) vegetables and fruit. There is a lot of work around the house throughout (počas celého roka) the whole year. Both Slovaks and British are very skillful (zručný) and do a lot of work themselves.

                A cottage/cabin (chalupa), a small traditional country house, is quite popular in our country. Some families have cottages near woods (lesy) or lakes (jazerá) and like to spend their weekends there. British people also like country houses. Some British families have them in France.

                A typical British house is set in/is situated in (je umiestnený v) a small garden and has two storeys (poschodia). It is usually designed for a family of four or five people. There is a hall, a front room, a back room, a dining room (jedáleň), a utility room (špajza), a kitchen and a storage space downstairs (dole, na prízemí). A garage is normally attached to the house. Upstairs (hore, na poschodí), there is one big bedroom and two smaller ones, a bathroom and a lavatory (toilet, WC). Parents usually have bedroom with en-suite bathroom. In Britain, the size of property is determined by (určený) the number of bedrooms.

In the USA an average American family lives in a large house with many rooms. In large American cities, many people live in downtown apartments (flats) situated in large apartment buildings whose owners live there too. They are called condominiums (condos) (kondomínium, vlastný byt v spoločnej bytovej zástavbe v meste). Like the British, Americans do not usually stay in the same house their whole lives. Aome families like to move to other parts of the country and change houses every 10 years.  

                INTERIOR – ROOMS, FURNITURE AND HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES: The furniture (nábytok) in British and Slovak rooms is not very different nowadays. The living room has a sofa/settee (sedačka) and armchairs (kreslá), a wall unit (stenová zostava nábytku) with the hi-fi system, a TV set and DVD player, a bookcase, a chest of drawers (komoda) and a coffee table (konferenčný, servírovací, nízky stolík). There is a carpet on the floor to make the room warm and comfortable (pohodlný). Most British houses have a fireplace (kozub) because of/due to (kvôli) cold weather. The kitchen furniture includes kitchen cupboards (linka), a sink (výlevka, umývadlo v kuchyni), a cooker (šporák) and a fridge (chladnička) and freezer (mrazák). They are usually all built‑in (vstavaný). There is also a table with chairs or stools (stolička bez operadla, stolček). The floor in the kitchen is often tiled (vykachličkovaná). Slovak families usually have their washing machine in the bathroom, the British in the kitchen. The bedroom has a double bed, built-in wardrobes (vstavané šatníkové skrine), a dressing table (toaletný stolík) with a mirror on the wall and a stool in front of the table.

                American houses are well-furnished (dobre zariadené) and equipped (vybavené) with modern household appliances (domáce spotrebiče, such as a cooker (sporák), a grill, an oven (rúra), a microwave oven, a kettle (kanvica), a fridge with an ice-crusher, a freezer, a toaster, a food processor (kuchynský robot), a dishwasher (umývačka riadu), a washing machine, a dryer, a vacuum cleaner (vysávač) and an air-conditioner (klimatizácia), among others. Each child in the family has his/her own room. Like the British people, Americans do not usually stay (zostať) in the same house their whole lives. Some families like to move (sťahovať sa) to other parts of the country and change houses more than once in a decade (desaťročie). They usually hire a removal company (prenajať si sťahovaciu službu) to move their furniture, appliances and other necessary equipment.  

                As the standard of living (životná úroveň) is generally very high in the USA, the average (priemerný) American family can live comfortably (pohodlne) and well. Many wealthy (zámožný) people have very large houses with many rooms, tennis courts and swimming pools. In the centre of big American cities, many people live in apartments (flats, byty) situated in (umiestnený v) large apartment buildings.

EXTERIOR: Both Slovaks and British people love decorating their houses and gardening. Slovaks tend to (zvyknú mať) have bigger gardens behind their houses and they spend quite (celkom, dosť) a lot of time growing vegetables and fruit. British gardens are rather small and are more often used for relaxation than for growing vegetables. There is a lot of work around the house throughout  the whole year (počas celého roka). Slovaks are said to be very skilful (zručný) and do a lot of work themselves. Mowing the lawn (kosenie trávnika), sowing seeds (sadenie semien), weeding (plenie) the flowerbeds (kvetinové záhony), planting flowers (sadenie), watering them, building a greenhouse (sklenník), trimming the hedge (strihanie živého plota), cutting tree branches (konáre) , fixing (oprava) roofs, painting rooms, putting in the flooring and other jobs in the home are manageable (zvládnuteľné) without taking any special DIY (Do-It-Yourself) course or needing to study any manuals.     

BUYING A HOUSE/FLAT: Both in Slovakia and Great Britain, it is not easy to buy one’s own flat or a house. In both countries, the prices of property (majetok, nehnuteľnosť) are extremely high. It is impossible for a young family to buy a flat without the help of parents or a mortgage (hypotéka). In order to (aby, za účelom) buy a house, a family does not need to have all the money anymore – there are many banks from which it is possible to borrow (požičať) up to 90 per cent of the value (hodnota) of the house as a mortgage. Almost half of all British families own (vlastniť) the houses in which they live. A lot of them pay off (splácať) the mortgage for many years after moving into a house. In Slovakia more and more people take advantage of (využiť niečo) mortgages too. Some take out a loan (brať si pôžičku) for the reconstruction of their flats or houses.

                Homelessness (bezdomovstvo) is a big social problem in many countries. A lot of homeless people (bezdomovci) are alcoholics, mentally-ill (duševne chorí) or just unemployed people left (ponechaní) without means of living (prostriedky na živobytie). In our country more and more asylum houses (azylové domy) are built for them.

 

Answer these questions:

 

1. Is it necessary to have all the money to buy a house in Britain? Explain.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in towns?
3. What is the difference between a flat and a house?
4. What are the basic types of houses in Britain?
5. What does a typical British house look like?
6. What kinds of gardens do the houses in Slovakia normally have?
7. Where do the majority of American people live?
8. Do Americans stay in the same house all their lives?
9. Compare the household equipment an average American and Slovak family has.
10. Why is it complicated to buy a house or a flat?
11. Describe your house or flat. (I live in a four- room flat. It is on the fifth floor. I live in the housing estate called
12. What is your idea of a perfect home?
13. Translate these words into Slovak: armchair, bookcase, bedroom, carpet, bunk bed, double bed, single bed, en-suite bathroom, sauna, winter garden, garage, front door, back door, loo, rug, walls are painted white, dining room, hall, refrigerator, freezer, kettle, oven, cooker, hoover, lamp, wardrobe, chest of drawers, hanger, poster, picture, toilet, bathroom, living room, kitchen, bedroom, dishwasher, sink, coffee table, sofa, water tap, windowsill, curtains, bedside lamp, remote control, switch, to plug in, to turn the TV on, to turn off the computer, blinds, bedside/night table.
14. Describe your room. Use the phrases given: there is + jednotné číslo /there are + množné číslo

I have/don’t have my own room. I share my room with my brother. My room is painted green/bright orange/light green.

Opposite the door there is/are ….. On the right/left there are/is …. I have got pictures, posters, paintings on the walls. …is next to (je pri) my bed, …..is behind (za), under (pod) on (na), floating floor (plávajúca podlaha), cupboards/wardrobe, shelf/bookshelf (shelves). On the windowsill I have pots with flowers, I have/don’t have curtains, blinds. I like my room because….. I spend/don’t spend a lot of time in my room. In my room I….. (listen to music, watch TV, use computer, go on the Internet, play games, chat with friends, text/phone my friends, have a mess, make love, read books, do my homework, paint/draw pictures, talk to my friends, play with my sister, have a lot of toys, fluffy toys, pillows, electronic gadgets…… . If you opened my wardrobe/drawer, you would find a complete mess, lots of papers, pencils, clothes, shoes, t-shirts, tops, dresses, board games (spoločenské hry), earings, make-up stuff, brushes, toiletries, love letters …….

• MY ATTITUDE TO SPORTS (180-220 words) 
• Sport that I like (actively done/passively done), reasons

  Vocabulary and useful phrases

  I like to play…
  I play with my friends…
  I play for a team and we take part in various competitions…
  We have training… a week. Our coach…(expects a lot, drives us hard, motivates us)
  In spring I enjoy…
  In summer I do…
  In autumn months I…
  In winter I…
  I would like to try… because…
  I don’t like… because…
  I like to play sport myself because…
  I prefer watching sport on TV, especially…
  I’m a fan of…
  Sports can help develop (skills, strength, alertness…)
  Sports also provide an opportunity for (teamwork, cooperation, goodwill…)
  I like team sports such as…
  I prefer  individual sports/games like…

  My Attitude to Sports

       Sports and games have always played an important role in my life and even now they are my number one hobby. Since my early childhood I was keen on such sports like swimming, tennis, table tennis. When I was 5 I received my first bike from my parents and my first ride finished in bushes. Despite this negative experience I used to go cycling to Cunovo. I live on the bank of lake and in summer I like swimming early in the  morning. I can swim all styles: crawl, butterfly, breaststroke and backstroke.

  Later I became more interested in various ball games.  I started to play basketball in a club and I was playing it for 3 years. We had training sessions three times a week and matches on Sundays and we had to travel by car a lot, so I finally gave it up. Later,  volleyball attracted me. Nowadays, I have played it with my friends and classmates at school in our P.E. lessons.

  In my everyday life, though, I never do morning exercises. I sometimes do a few push-ups (kliky), sit-ups (zhyby, brušáky) or knee-bends (drepy) after school and from time to time I go jogging around the lake.

  Recently, I have bought a new book Yoga and Ayurveda. Yoga is another good way to strengthen your body and soul. It is not only about doing exercise, but it is also a specific lifestyle and life philosophy. In addition to this, yoga helps protect your body from illnesses or even heal them. ( heal= liecit ). I am studying the book and plan to go in for it after passing my entrance exams in the second half of June. Well, I believe that this will give me a lot of pleasure. I feel comfortable about doing some yoga exercises on my own and I am not patient enough and persistent to go to the fitness centre regularly. I know, it is possible for me and my friends to hire a playground or some of the sport facilities privately. So we can sometimes do sports together and have fun, e. g. in a tennis court.

  As for watching sports, I love the Olympic Games, ice-hockey matches and swimming.

• LEARN THE TOPIC 3. SPORT

3. Sports and games

1. Types of sports and games and their characteristics

2. Sport I am interested in – reasons, equipment, sports facilities, rules, frequency
3. Why people do sports
4. Difference between amateur and professional sportsmen (diet, training,
5. Major sport events – championships, tournaments, grand slam, Cup Final, The Olympic games
6. Importance of sport for humans
7. Negative phenomena in sports
8. Sports – include physical activities in which people or teams play against each other (hrajú jeden proti druhému) and try to win (swimming, horse-racing, climbing, athletics)

Games – are those sports in which at least 2 players are involved. A game is played according to (podľa) a certain set of rules (určitého súboru pravidiel). There is always a referee (rozhodca) who decides who has won (ktorý rozhoduje, kto vyhral). The most popular games are football, rugby, ice hockey, basketball, volleyball, handball, baseball, tennis and golf.

Sports can be divided into: INDOOR sports (halové, tie čo sa hrajú niekde vnútri) that can be practiced all year round (gymnastics, snooker, squash, darts (šípky), table tennis (stolný tenis)) and OUTDOOR sports that are practiced outdoors. Many of them depend on weather (závisia od počasia) and therefore (preto) can be practiced mostly in summer (mountaineering (horolezectvo), hiking (turistika), cycling (cyklistika), most aquatic sports (väčšina vodných športov), athletics (atletika)…) or in winter (skiing (lyžovanie), giant slalom (obrovský slalom), ski jumping, sledding (sánkovanie) or biathlon).

Sports can also be divided into: - SUMMER sports – swimming (backstroke (znak), breaststroke (prsia), crawl, and butterfly), yachting, sailing (preteky na plachetniciach), horse-racing, cycling, tennis, badminton. Most of them can be practiced both (aj) indoors and outdoors.

• WINTER sports – skiing, downhill, ski jumping, sledding, figure skating, speed skating …

People in Slovakia and Britain are really sport loving people. Each of them is interested in at least one sport or a game. Games such as football, rugby, golf and tennis originated (vznikli) in Great Britain. The most popular game in Britain is football (but the Americans call it soccer) The Cup Final (finálový zápas) is the most important match of the year and it is played at Wembley Stadium near London. CRICKET – is a typical English game and the British love it. RUGBY -  old game, it is played with an oval ball, hands and feet can be used; Tennis – is played on grass court or hard court, it is played with a racket and a small elastic ball over the low net. The referee is called umpire. The most important tennis tournament is Wimbledon Grand Slam. It is watched by thousands of spectators (divákmi na štadióne) and TV spectators (televíznymi divákmi) all over the world.

2. Frázy: I am interested in ... (athletics), because I like running. I am fond of skiing, because I like mountains, winter and snow. I am fond of bodybuilding, because I want to have a perfect figure. I watch sport on TV. I like watching sport on TV or at the stadium. I watch world hockey championship (majstrovstvá sveta v hokeji) every year, because Slovakia has many good hockey players. I have never been to world championship but I would love to go. I am a great fan of Chára, Šatan and Višňovský who play in American NHL.

 

3.  You can do sport as an amateur (as a recreational activity) or a professional. Amateurs are people who love physical activity and they practise sport for their own enjoyment (potešenie) or interest. Most of them do their sport because they want to be fit and healthy (zdravý). There are lots of people who go jogging (chodia behať) or fishing (rybárčiť), play basketball, or go to fitness centres and sports clubs after work every day. Doing sport is relaxing for them. It makes them happy and feel good. Together with a healthy diet (spolu so zdravou stravou) it helps them keep fit, lose weight (schudnúť), keep in good mood.

 

4. The major sport events are the Olympic Games. They are held every four years. There are Summer Olympics, Winter Olympics and Paralympic Games (paraolympiáda). The Olympic Games are the major international sport event in which thousands of athletes participate (zúčastňujú sa) in a variety of competitions. Other important sport events are world hockey championship, football championship and tennis Grand Slam. 

Sport and money – bad things the sportsman can do in case the victory is well-paid: he can take steroids, banned substances or other drugs, but they are often tested for steroids, he can sell a match/game, in case of positive test, the jury can suspend him for one or more years or take his medal away from him. Many sportsmen take part in commercials (reklamné inzeráty) for products of international companies.

         Sports can be generally divided into indoor and outdoor sports. Gymnastics is a typical indoor sport, athletics a typical outdoor sport. It includes track and field events (atletické disciplíny) – the marathon, long-distance run, cross-coutry run (cezpoľný beh), relay-race (štafetový závod) and sprinting events (preteky na krátku vzdialenosť) – the hundred metres, hurdles (beh cez prekážky). Jumping (high jump, long jump, triple jump, pole jump (skok o žrdi)) and throwing (hammer, discus, javelin (oštep), shot put (vrh guľou) are also athletic sports. Indoor sports can be practiced all the year round, but many oudoor sports, such as cycling, hiking and most aquatic sports, like sailing (plachtenie), regatta (veslárske preteky), water-skiing, diving, wind-surfing and others, depend on weather and so are mostly enjoyed during the summer. Swimming is also a typical summer sport, but it is possible to practice it all the year round in indoor pools. Swimming includes breaststroke, backstroke, crawl and butterfly.

         In winter, sportsmen practice winter sports, such as skiing, skating, snow-boarding and tobogganing. Skiers can practice the giant slalom, downhill racing (zjazd) or ski jumps in ski resorts where there are good snow conditions. Skating includes figure skating (krasokorčuľovanie) and speed skating, which are practiced on skating rinks. In Slovakia there are a lot of ski resorts and most winters the snow conditions are favourable (priaznivé). That’s why many Slovaks like this sport and go skiing almost every weekend. Polish, Hungarian and Czech tourists also come to the High and the Low Tatras to ski. Some skiers prefer Austrian ski resorts because of the high quality of services.

         Games are those sports in which at least two players are involved (sú zapojení). The most popular games are football, rugby, hockey, tennis, golf, cricket, basketball, volleyball, badminton, squash and handball.

         British are sport-loving people. Some of the games, such as football, rugby, golf and tennis, originated (vznikli) in Britain and spread all over the world (rozšírili sa po celom svete) from there. The most popular game is football. The Cup Final (finale pohára) is the most important football match of the year in England. It is played at Wembley Stadium near London, which has the seats for 100 000 spectators (divákov). The British like to say that one of the most important years in English history was 1966 because that was the year when England won the the World Cup Final in football.

         Slovaks are good at hockey. A lot of Slovak hockey players play in American and Canadian National Hockey League teams. The American, Russian, Canadian and Swedish hockey teams are considered to be the best. The Czechoslovak hockey team was considered one of the best, but after the split (rozdelenie) of Czechoslovakia, th Slovak and the Czech national hockey teams took part in the World Cups separately and even played against each other. The Slovak team lost in the final of the 200 World Cup against the Czech Republic. However, the Slovak team were the winners of the 2002 World Cup of Hockey. Hockey is not only played professionally in our country, but it is also enjoyed by many people of all generations (including girls and women) who like watching it in the stadiums or on TV. Becoming a professional hockey player is one of the most frequent drams of Slovak boys.

         Besides (okrem) team games, such as football and rugby, tennis is also very popular. Tennis can be played on a grass court or a hard court. The most famous tennis tournament is played at Wimbledon every year. The championship is watched by thousands of spectators and TV viewers all over the world.

         Americans also pay a lot of attention to sports and games. The most popular games are baseball, American football, basketball, tennis, boxing, wrestling (zápasenie) and ice-hockey. There is an increasing interest in football as well, although it is called soccer in America. There are many beautiful winter sport centres in the U.S.A. Typical winter sports, such as skiing, skating and snow-boarding, are very popular. Tennis and squash are leading summer sports in the US. Squash is a game for two players played in a four-walled court with a special racket and a soft rubber ball. There are also a lot of specific water sports, such as yachting, wind-surfing and surfing, which are loved by many young people.

         Most people do sports because they need to relax and they know that practicing a sport, suitable for them, can improve their health. Some sport activities, such as aerobics, jogging, swimming or body building (workout), are preferred by those who want to lose weight. Many parents want their children to do sports. Most of the children do it as a hobby, but some later become professional. The parents believe that doing a sport is a good way of spending free time for their children and it develops their character. Plenty of children and young people do a team sport. A lot of competitions are held both on national and international levels. Winning a game is a great motivation for the players to continue to improve, but it is also important to learn to accept defeat when the team loses.

         Professional sport is, unfortunately, connected with several negative phenomena. High competition (konkurencia) in sport forces (núti) the elite sportsmen and women to be the best this often leads to overtraining or doping, which has a very negative effect on their health. During important competitions the sportsmen and women are tested and may easily be disqualified. This may have a negative impact (dopad) on their career. Success in professional sport is nowadays connected with money and popularity. Some of the top sportsmen and sportswomen find it difficult to cope with (vyrovnať sa s niečím, zvládať) being rich and famous.

         Two of the most important sport events are the Summer and Winter Olympic Games which are held every four years in a different country. The Olympics first took place in ancient Greece. Pierre de Coubertin revived this idea and became the founder of the modern Olympic Games the Olympic Rings are a well-known symbol of the Olympic Games. They represent the unity of five continents, blue being the circle of Europe. They appear in five colours on the Olympic flag. Another symbol of the Olympics is the torch which is lit in Greece and then carried all the way to the place where the Olympics are held. The first part of the Olympic creed “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part in…” is often used for all kinds of other competitions. Only the best sportsmen and sportswomen of each country are chosen to take part in the Olympics. For them it is a great honour (čsť) to represent their countries. People all over the world pay a lot of attention to these sports events and that is why the Olympic Games are often under the threat of terrorist attacks. Therefore, the countries which organize the games try to ensure (zaistiť) maximum security for everybody involved in the games. Two weeks after the Olympics have ended the Paralympics take place. Disabled and handicapped sportsmen compete in all sorts of disciplines accompanied by their coaches.

YES!book Základná úroveň B1

HOUSING VOCABULARY  34-35

Learning: 30-31

Writing: MY DREAM HOUSE (Description) , 180 words,  page 33/TASK 2

Write about the place for living you are dreaming about:

• where your flat/house woul be situated,
• what type it would be + eco-friendly, luxury, romantic, hi-tech,
• how you would furnish it,
• what colours would be dominant.
• COMPLETE AND LEARN

• HOUSING_vocabulary.pdf 

  HOUSING_1.pdf

  HOUSING_2.pdf

REVISION:

2_CULTURE_and_ART_Voc(1).doc

3_Sport.docx      SPORT_AND_GAMES.pdf

4_Housing.docx

 

2 CULTURE AND ART

 

CULTURE – the word is used to speak about music, art, literature that are a part of our lives.

Culture and cultural life is represented by fine arts, art exhibitions and museum exhibits, as well as going the cinema, the theatre and concerts of classical and pop music.

ART - a way of communicating feelings. Artists

• add aesthetic value to our lives-pridať estetickú hodnotu do nášho života
• enrich our mind- obohatiť naše myslenie, myseľ
• please our senses-potešiť naše zmysly

 

 

A:  DECORATIVE ARTS

• works of art-umelecké diela

1 PAINTINGS:  landscapes (krajinky),  life size portraits (portréty  v životnej veľkosti ),still lifes (zátišia), sketches, miniatures, engravings (rytiny), etchings (ečinz lepty), graphic art (prints)

VOCABULARY

• art galleries display sculptures and paintings – galérie umenia vystavujú sochy a maľby
• to look with pleasure (pležr) at paintings– s radosťou / potešenímsa pozerať na
• to have a high regard for paintings= to admire the paintings
• paint in watercolours / oil – maľovať vodovými farbami / olejovými farbami
• draw in pencil/ pen – kresliť ceruzkou / perom

 2 SCULPTURE: statues and sculptural groups (sochy a súsošia)

VOCABULARY

• cut in sandstone / granite / marble – vytesať z pieskovca, žuly, mramoru
• carved in wood – vyrezať z dreva
• mould in clay / plaster / mould in bronze – modelovať z hliny, sadry, odlievať z bronzu

 3 ARCHITECTURE:     

• landscape architecture (green outdoor spaces-parks, gardens)
• town planning
• urban design (buildings)
• interior design (furniture)

B: PERFORMING ARTS (umenie vo forme predstavení)

MUSIC:

• classical-serious (opera, operetta, choir, chamber- komorná, ...)
• pop music,
• other genres: rock, punk, funky, hip-hop, jazz, brass, folklore, alternative, underground,   indie, church- religious, ...

VOCABULARY

• to listen to music
• to come into contact / to get in touch with – prísť do kontaktu s
• to have musical talent / to be talented in sth –
• to take musiclessons – chodiť do hudobnej školy
• to play the piano/the recorder /the flute/ the bass /the guitar /the drums/the pipe/ the clarinet / the bassoon /the accordion /the violin /the viola /the violonchello ...
• concert-goer – návštevník koncertov
• to enjoy performances – užívať si predstavenia
• Large towns often invite renowned (slávny, renomovaný) symphonic orchestras with outstanding conductors (vynikajúci dirigenti)  and hold (uskutočňujú)music festivals.
• composers of all styles and periods – skladatelia všetkých štýlov a období
• to have in the repertoire
• tunes – melodies
• to tune (tju:n) the musical instruments – ladiť hudobné nástroje
• musicians at concerts give encores – hudobníci na koncertov hrajú prídavky

 C:  DANCE:

• classical-ballet (´bälei)
• ballroom dances (spoločenské tance): standard (e.g. Waltz, Viennese waltz, jive, foxtrot, tango, ...)
• Latin-American (e.g. samba, rumba, salsa, cha cha, ...)
• oriental dances (e.g. belly dance...)

VOCABULARY

• to take dancing lessons – chodiť do tanečnej školy
• to develop a liking for dances – rozvíjať záľubu v tancoch

 D: THEATRE:

• plays, comedies, tragedies, historical plays,
• musicals
• puppet shows (papit šouz) – bábkové predstavenia

VOCABULARY

• theatre-goers – návšteníci divadla
• dramatic art -divadelné umenie
• to give a performance – uviesť predstavenie
• to be performed at e.g. the New Scene Theatre... – uvádzaný na Novej scéne
• to act on the stage of the cultural house –hrať na pódiu kulturného domu
• to go to the theatre/the opera or to a ballet
• to be on the programme – mať na programe
• to be dressed up – vyobliekať sa
• to take their coats in the cloakroom – odložiť si kabáty v šatni
• a cloakroom attendant – šatniarka
• an attendant/ an usher shows us to our seat – uvádzačka nás uvedie nanaše miesto
• to get tickets to the stalls, to sit in the box/in the dress circle-1st balcony/in the upper circle=2nd balcony, to stand in the gods = dostať lístky na prízemie, sedieť v lóži/na prvom balkóne/na druhom balkóne, stáť na najvyššom balkóne
• to know a synopsis of the opera, e.g. The programme gives a brief synopsis of the plot.
• to know who designed the stage scenery and costumes- kto navrhol scénu a kostýmy/who rehearsed (rihrzd) the programme – kto naštudoval program s hercami
• to see the cast – vidieť obsadenie/to see who stars –zistiť,kto hrá hlavnú úlohu/who plays the supporting roles-kto hrá vedľajšie úlohy/ who is a conductor – kto diriguje
• during intermissions (cez prestávku medzi dvoma dejstvami): to get refreshements in the theatre bar (občerstviť sa v bare), to share opinions with friends about the performance,
• the audience applauds - diváci tlieskajú/ the cast even get a standing ovation - herci sú odmenení potleskom v stoji
• there were many curtain calls („kláňačky“)
• children love pupet shows –deti milujú bábkové divadlo

CINEMA:

Cinema enjoys great popularity. - Kino sa teší veľkej popularite.

• first-run films – premiérové filmy/films have a long run-sú dlho na programe;/be on the programme for a long time

• cinema-goers- návštevníci kina
• the repertory of cinemas is focused on commercial films, e.g. action films, comedies-repertoár kín sa zameriava na komerčné filmy, napr. akčné filmy, komédie
• action-packed star-studded Hollywood blockbusters –akčný hollywoodský trhák s hviezdnym obsadením
• all-action blockbuster movies – akčné trháky
• films are shown with subtitles or are dubbed- filmy sa uvádzajú s titulkami alebo sú dabované
• screenplay-filmový scenár/screenplay writer - scenárista
• large multi-screen air-conditioned complexes in shopping centres – klimatizované kiná s veľkými premietacími plátnami v nákupných centrách
• to go to the open-air cinema – ísť do kina v prírode, amfiteáter
• three-dimensional (3D) films
• film makers, film making, directed by
• playwright – autor hier
• a film shows the tiny details of our daily lives – film detailne zobrazuje náš život

 

music andfilms recorded (zaznamenané, nahrané) on media such as DVDs, CDs

• to downloadand burn a film/music
• illegal, cheap, convenient (pohodlné)

Cultural events in the countryside are not so frequent like in large towns.

Cultural events: feltivals, concerts, discos, balls, book sales ... are held in... (...sa konajú v ...)

The Academy Award – an annual cinema award in many categories given since 1927 by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The award is the cinema´s most prestigious symbol taking the form of a gold plated statuette, nicknamed Oscar since 1931.

 

 

TASK FOR WRITING

You have just been to the worst concert of your life. Write an e-mail (160-220 words) to an American friend who asked your opinion because the tour is going to his/her city next month and he/she would like to go.Talk about the band (performers and instruments), lighting, the music and special effects.

 

ROLE-PLAY

A: You and a friend love playing your guitars together and have done so since you were little. Now, your friend wants to start a band and play publicly, maybe even for money. You´re not very happy about this idea. Try to talk your friend out of his idea. Give at least 2 reasons to persuade him to leave things as they are.

B: You and a friend love playing your guitars together and have done so since you were little. You´ve decided that  you’re both good enough to start your own band. Convince your friend to join you. Give at least 2 reasons why you think it’s a great idea.

 

HOMEWORK

Oral performance:  Family + pre-reading CULTURE AND ART LEARN VOCABULARY in YES!BOOK page 23-24

Describe one of your family members - appearance and try to characterize him/her - personality (180 words)

 Learn VOCABULARY FAMILY YES!book B1 page 18-19 (link above)

1 Introduce  your family - Use the words from task B page 16 in Yes!book

2 Characterize your parents (democratic/liberal/strict/authoritative). Explain why you think so.

3 How is housework divided among the members of your family (duties and responsibilities).

   What  does your mother/father/siblings do in your house/flat?

 

1_Family.docx

1_Family_pokr..docx

FAMILY = the basic social group, present in all societies

- should provide companionship and security, love and emotional support
- different structures (vary from society to society):

NUCLEAR FAMILY (úplná rodina)
* 2 adults and their children = the main unit in many societies

EXTENDED FAMILY (široká rodina)
* nuclear family + granparents and other relatives

SINGLE PARENT FAMILY (jeden rodič)
* a result of divorce or unmarried mothers having children

STEP FAMILY (nevlastná rodina)
* created by the new marriage of a single parent
* there can be problems between the children and step parents (may not like each other, be jealous, etc.)

UNMARRIED COUPLES (slobodné páry)
* pretty common nowadays to co-habit without getting married (young people or elderly widowed couples ŕ find it economically practical to live together without marrying)

HOMOSEXUAL COUPLES
* also live together more openly today
* sometimes share their households with the children of one partner or with adopted children

1. Family -NEW

• Name, age, date of birth, address, marital status, weekdays (daily routine) and weekends, important moments in your life
• Members of your family (appearance –výzor, character, hobbies), housework
• your perfect partner, your vision of your own family
• Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?

A family usually consists of (pozostáva z) a mother, father and their children (siblings (súrodenci) – brother, sister), and grandparents (grandfather and grandmother) who live together in one home. They are members of an immediate family (najbližšia rodina). But a family doesn’t consist just of our immediate family. We have cousins, uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, mothers-in-law, fathers-in-law, sisters-in-law, brothers-in-law, who are members of our extended family (širšie príbuzenstvo).

A functioning family should provide protection (ochrana), education, help and security (bezpečnosť) to all its members. Strong relationships (vzťahy) are often created between siblings (súrodenci), cousins, parents, aunts, uncles, grandparents and other relatives (príbuzní).

All family members have some duties (povinnosti) and responsibilities (zodpovednosti). Parents should teach their children what is good and bad, how to solve problems (riešiť problem) in life, how to become an independent (nezávislý) person and care about (starať sa o koho) others. Democratic parents talk with their children and respect them. Strict parents (prísni rodičia) do not make compromises, which often creates a generation gap (generačná priepasť/rozdiel) between them and their own children. The main duty of children is learning and going to school. They should also help their parents with housework (domáce práce). (I do the shopping, I do the washing up, I tidy up my room, I take out the trash; my mum cooks, washes and dries the dishes, hoovers the floor, clears the table, sets the table, does the washing/washes the clothes, takes the dog for a walk; my father is responsible for feeding the dog, washing the windows, shoveling the snow (odhadzovanie snehu), washing the car, cleaning the toilet and bathroom; my sister’s duty is (povinnosťou mojej sestry je) to dust the furniture (utierať prach z nábytku), to hang out (vyvesiť) the clothes/washing, to put away books, to make her bed, to water the flowers, to watch my little brother (dávať pozor na malého brata) and sometimes she goes shopping with me and my mum.

Modern European families are monogamous (monogamné) most of young people get married (sa vydáva/žení) in their late twenties or early thirties. Many young people live together in the same home but are not a husband and wife. This is called cohabitation (spolužitie “na divoko”). Older generations think this is not correct.

The wedding (svadba) is a formal act and it takes place in a town hall (radnica) or in a church (kostol). The engaged couple (snúbenecký pár) exchange their wedding rings (obrúčky) and promise themselves (sľúbiť si navzájom) to live together in good and bad and in illness too. Nowadays, many couples are divorced (rozvedené). Their frequent reasons for a divorce are problems with trust (dôvera), money, living with parents and parents-in-law, alcohol, drugs, gambling (gamblerstvo) and unemployement (nezamestnanosť).

When one of the parents dies, children stay with a single parent (jediný rodič). A woman who loses (stratí) her husband (manžel) is called a widow (vdova) and a man is called a widower (vdovec). When they get married again, the new parents are called step- parents (nevlastní rodičia) and their children are step-sisters and step-brothers. Sometimes, divorced parents get married once again. Bad relationships with new step-parents lead to (viesť k niečomu) problems and frequent arguments (časté hádky).

Family life is different all around the world. In Slovakia many families meet together for special days, such as on birthdays, at weddings, feasts (hody/hostiny) and funerals (pohreby), graduation ceremonies (promócie). A family, a real home and relatives (príbuzní) are what we need for life. They always help us when we need them.

• Biography, address, date of birth, marital status (single-slobodný, married- ženatý/vydatá, divorced-rozvedený/á, widow-vdova, widower, single mother – slobodná matka, single parent family, bachelor [bečlr](starý mládenec), spinster (stará dievka), boy/girlfriend, fiancé (snúbenec) [fionsei] – man you plan to marry/fiancée – woman you plan to marry, engagement – zásnuby, engagement ring, to be engaged – byť zasnúbený, wedding – svadba, bridegroom –ženích, bride – nevesta, wedding ceremony, honey moon – svadobná cesta, marriage – manželstvo, orphan – sirota, husband, wife, parents, mother, father); nuclear family – people you live with (najbližšia rodina, mother, father, siblings), step (nevlastná)- mother, brother, sister, mother-in-law (svokra) ; extended family – all your relatives (príbuzní) – cousin, uncle, aunt, grandparents,
• Important moments in your life (birth of your brother or sister, wedding anniversaries of your grandparents and parents, your birthday, family celebrations and holidays, moving from one place to another, the day when I went to school for the first time, the day when I learned that I had passed the talent exams and was accepted at the secondary school of arts, the day when I met my boyfriend/girlfriend, etc.)
• Members of your family – appearance (výzor), character (vlastnosti, charakter), hobbies. O najbližšej rodine vedieť a aspoň nejakého bratranca, prípadne uja, tetu), describe your family tree (rodostrom)
• Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?
• Family relations –celebrations (oslavy, sviatky, narodeniny, Vianoce, Veľká Noc when all members of your family get together), your daily routine – weekday, weekend (čo robíš cez deň, čo cez víkendy – pozor, prítomný jednoduchý čas, dej sa opakuje) (I wake up/get up at 6.oo o’clock, make my bed, clean my teeth, wash my face, have a shower, get dressed, comb my hair, have breakfast, put on my coat, leave home  at 7.00, I go to school by bus, my mum takes me to school, it takes me about 30 minutes to get to school, my lessons start at... and usually finish at, I have/do not have lunch at school canteen, I come back home/get home at..., I have a rest, have something for my lunch, do my homework, help my mother, watch TV, draw, paint, prepare for school, revise for my exams, go out with my friends, read a book, listen to the music, have a bath, go to bed.
• Generation gap (medzigeneračné rozdiely) – do your parents understand your problems, do they help you with them, do you talk to them about common things and about your relationships with your friends? Are they strict?
• How do you help your parents – house chores (domáce práce) ( I do the washing up, I go shopping, I walk my dog, take out the rubbish, I do the hoovering, every day I make my bed, on Sundays I usually tidy up my room / clear up the mess in my room, I play with my younger sister, etc.) Ako sú rozdelené domáce práce, kto čo robí
• Typical Slovak family, compare (porovnaj) your family life with family life in other countries (napr. In China  they have a single child policy; in less developed countries – all members of a family usually live together, in developed countries – when children grow up, they tend to move and live on their own.
• Slovakia - typical Slovak family is a complete family (úplná rodina) with 2 children, often one of the parents is unemployed (nezamestnaný). They live in a family house in a village together with grandparents or they live in a town in a three-room flat or four-room flat in a housing estate (na sídlisku). Mother works in an office or in a shop and father is a driver or worker. They go on holiday once a year, usually to Croatia. But the number (počet) of incomplete (neúplných) families has increased (vzrástol), there are a lot of single parent families – usually mother and one child. There are a lot of divorces. People get divorced because they have problems with money, trust (dôvera), one of the partners has a love affair, they don’t understand each other, they have different interests, a husband is drug addict or alcoholic or gambler (hazardný hráč), they don’t love each other anymore. Families in towns do not live together, in villages it is common that 3 generations live together – grandparents, parents and their children, in Slovakia you can get married when you are 18, but in case there is a serious reason (e.g. pregnancy – tehotenstvo) you might get permission to get married starting with the age of 16. You can have a civil or church wedding ceremony.
• Great Britain – children live with their parents until they finish their schools, but then they move and live on their own. A lot of families consist of one parent; there are lots of single-parent families. People often get divorced and get married again. Children often visit their parents at weekends, they go on holiday together and they spend Christmas together.
• The USA - children live with their parents until they finish their studies, but then they move and live on their own. They often live far away (veľmi ďaleko) from their parents, sometimes in a different state. Families usually get together on special days and occasions. They meet on Thanksgiving Day and eat roast turkey and vegetables. They have fun, they talk together and have family celebration. Families also meet at Christmas.
• Orphan – a child whose parents are dead, an orphan lives in an orphanage or a foster home, it is difficult to adopt children in our society, you have to fill in a lot of forms and they (the authorities) check your family, living conditions, income.

Otázky: 1. What does family mean to you?

2. What are the functions of a family?
3. What are the main roles of children and parents in a family?
4. What is cohabitation?
5. Why do people get divorced?
6. When does your family usually get together?
7. Describe your mother (appearance, character, hobbies)
8. Who are you closest to in your family and why? (kto ti je najbližší v rodine a prečo)
9. Make the pairs from the following words. Example: mother-father

Mother, brother, mother-in-law, aunt, niece, grandfather, daughter, sister-in-law, husband, father, sister, uncle, nephew, father-in-law, grandmother, wife, son, brother-in-law

10. What do you think, what are the qualities of an ideal father and mother? Use the phrases and vocabulary below to help you.

I think that an ideal father/mother should/shouldn’t be ……. (friendly, democratic, liberal, strict, helpful, reliable, emphatic, responsible)

In my opinion ideal parents should/shouldn’t…. (listen to their children, talk to their children, make compromises, solve their children’s problems, buy their children what they want, spend weekends with their children, punish their children)

Describing people – their appearance (opis ľudí – ich zovňajšok) How do they look like? 11. Describe 2 members of your family:

Age: young; middle-aged (v strednom veku); older; elderly (postarší), he is in his ealy 30s (má asi do 35 rokov), she is in her mid 30s (má asi 35 orkov); they are in their late 30s (majú takmer 40 rokov); he is retired (je na dôchodku)

Figure – build (postava): slim (štíhly); skinny (vychudnutý), thin (tenký, chuddy), he is of medium build (je strednej postavy- ani chudý, ani tučný); he is well-built (je urastený); plump (bacuľatý); fat (tučný); overweight (obézny)

Height (výška): small, tall, short; he is of medium height (je strednej výšky)

Face (tvár): thin, chubby (bucľatý), round (okrúhla; oval (oválna) square (štvorcová); sun-tanned (opálená); pale (bledý), full lips (plné pery); thin lips; long/straight/turned up (vyvrátený) nos. Skin (pleť): dark (snedý, tmavý), fair (svetlý).

Hair: long/short/straight (rovné)/curly (kučeravé) / wavy (vlnité); fringe (ofina), ponytail (vrkoč), spiky (na ježka), he is bald (on je plešatý), highlighted (melírované); dyed (farbené), blond, dark, fair (plavý, svetlý), grey, red, white.

Clothes: he/she usually wears casual (neformálne), smart (elegantné), fashionable (módne), old-fashioned (staromódne), conservative, elegant, comfortable (pohodlné), scruffy (rozgajdané) clothes, he/she is always neat (upravený);

Other features (iné znaky/črty): He wears glasses (nosí okuliare). He is scarred (je zjazvený). She has freckles (má pehy), he has a beard (bradu), moustache (fúzy), wrinkles (vrásky), he is unshaven (je neooholený).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FRIDAY 17 JUNE YES!book + English File   REVISION

Vypracujte 5 úloh  písomne (vyznačené modrou farbou).

1. Describe your illness (or your friend's if you are healthy). 

2. Complete the dialogues with suitable responses (use different ones):

1st dialogue

Doctor:   Hello. What's the problem?                                   

You:       Well,...............................................................        

D:            Does it hurt badly?                                                                                                                                                             

You:         ......................................................................   

D:      How long have you had this?                                    

You:    ..............................................................................   

D:      I'd like to examine you. Take off your shirt, please                                        

You:    .............................................................................

D:      No, it doesn't look too bad. It's just normal tonsilitis. Here's a prescription for some medicine. Take it               

three times daily. Come to see me next Tuesday.

You:    .............................................................................     

2nd dialogue 

D:        Good.........................     What's............................    

You:   I'm running a fever, coughing badly, I sneeze, feel tired and sleepy.

D:      OK. Open..............................................................

You:  "Ah." It hurts me to swallow and I ache all over.

D:      Strip.............................; take............................and now stop.......................................................

You:   Is it very serious, doctor?

D:        No, ....................; it's just ......................: get this medicine from..................and..................a day.

You:   Am I allowed to go to school?

D:      No,........................ .................... warm and drink ............................ You'll ...........................soon. In

a week you............................................again.

3. What children's diseases have you had and what diseases have you been vaccinated against?

What common ailments do children have?

mumps [mamps], measles [mi:zlz], rubeola [rubiola], chicken-pox [t/ikan poks], scarlet fever [skarlet firve], be a scarlet fever carrier, otitis [au'taitis] (zapal ucha), vaccination certificat('veksi'neisnt sa:tifikit], tuberculosis [tju:,be:kju'lausis], tetanus [tetanas], polio [paulisu], smallpox [smo:lpoks], diphtheria [diftieria], whooping cough [hu:pii\ kofj, rabies [reibi:z]

have a cold, (the) flu, cough, a sore throat, to cough, bronchitis [bron'kaitis], tonsilitis [tonsi'Iaitis], pneumonia [nju:'mäuniä], be hoarse [ho:s], lack of appetite, vomit, have stomachache, heartburn, nausea [no:sjä], indigestion [indi'dzestfän], constipation [konsti´peifän], diarrhoea [daiä:riä], ulcer [alsa], bilious attack [biljäs ätäk], appendicitis [äpendi'saitis], jaundice [dzo:ndis], backache, slipped disc, rheumatism [ru:mätizm], earache, encephalitis [ensäfä'laitis], be dizzy [dizi], veneral disease [vi'niäriäl], typhoid fever [taifoid], plague [pleig], cholera [kolärä]

4.   What diseases are considered to be "civilization al diseases"? What causes them? How can they be avoided?

mental disorders:                                               -

nervous breakdown, stress, depression, a headache, insomnia [in'somnie], suffer from nerves

diseases of the blood system:            .

high blood pressure, a heart attack, anaemia [ä'ni;mjä], leukaemia [lju:'ki:miä], varicose veins [värrikäus veinz]

skin diseases:                                                          .

rash [räs], acne [äkni], eczema [eksimä], itch, scratch, pimple [pimpl], scurvy [skä:vi]

eating disorders:

anorexia, bulimia

others:

backache, defective hearing (poskodeny sluch), allergy, overweight, asthma [äsmä], diabetes [daiä'bi:tiz], malignant tumours [mä'lignänt tju:mäz], cancer [känsä], drug addiction [drag ä'dikfän], drug addict [ä'dikt] (narkoman) , be addicted to alcohol, die of an overdose (zomriet na predavkovanie), break the habit, veneral diseases (pohlavne choroby) , AIDS, hectic life style, lack of vitamins (nedostatok vitaminov), polluted environment, unhealthy daily routine, insufficient sleep (nedostatocny spanok)

healthcare - parts of human body, layers of human body, seeing a doctor, at the hospital - vocabulary, diseases and their symptoms, stress and fitness, common and civilization illnesses/disorders (hiv, aids, cancer, allergies, bulimia, anorexia, insomnia....) and their symptoms, healthy lifestyle, health insurance, regular check-ups, v učebnici YES,ktorú máte hore v elektronickej podobe, je to téma číslo 6, strany 42-47, urobte si cvičenia

heathcare worksheets: healthcare_worksheet1.pdf

                                 healthcare_worksheet_2.pdf

tu je spracovaná téma 6._healthcare.docx

5. Kliknite na link a  nájdite pod bodom číslo 10 detailnejšieho panáčika a  viac slovíčok na pomenovanie časti ľudského tela. Naštudovať, vyznačiť.

Health_Care.doc

 

HUMAN BODY

 

 

HEALTHCARE
More and more people today start to realise that good health means a longer and happier life. That is why they take better care of their health than before.

 

Health Care

Encyclopaedias offer a definition of medicine as any science or practice concerned with sickness and health.There are several types of medicine which can help us to beat illness. Classical (western or conventional) medicine offers treatment with painkillers. It fights against illness and disease with drugs and surgery by which doctors can save millions of people. On the other hand, taking a lot of medicine can destroy other organs of your body, e.g. liver or kidneys. That is why many people prefer other kinds of treatment which are sometimes called traditional, complementary or alternative medicine. The term traditional fits ancient arts such as herbalism but hardly applies to acupuncture or shiatsu. Alternative medicine looks at the whole person, not just the illness. This includes your age, your family background, eating habits, sleeping habits, regular exercises, job conditions, bad habits like drinking or smoking and problems you have to face in your everyday life.

There are different types of alternative medicine like acupuncture, homeopathy and osteopathy. Acupuncturists use needles to make a person's energy to flow in a more balanced way. The needles are rotated clockwise or anticlockwise, according to whether energy is to be stimulated or lessened.

Everything we need exists in nature which is why homeopathy uses natural plants and flowers to beat illness. Homeopathy is not concerned with the processes or causes of disease, but with its symptoms. Doctors regard their patients as unique individuals.

Osteopathy is a system of movements which correct problems with the bones and muscles. Osteopaths push, pull and twist the body with their hands which puts all the bones or muscles in the right place.

One of the reasons for the popularity of alternative medicine is that most alternative therapists give a patient more time than conventional doctors. In most European countries doctors see a new patient every ten or twenty minutes. Many symptoms are due to overwork or stress and an important part of a treatment is for patients to talk about their problems. Doctors themselves are tired and have very high stress levels. Both doctors and patients would benefit from more time for having consultation.

While alternative medicine treats the body without using chemicals, western medicine is very important in accidents and emergencies. The best solution is when western and alternative medicine work hand in hand.

 

Health

Everybody in our country has the right to choose a doctor and many people go to one family doctor. At present two types of health facilities operate in this country; state and private ones.

Medical care is provided for our citizens from birth to death. Each of us is looked after even before birth under the scheme called prenatal care which includes medical check-ups before the child is born and then maternity ward services. Soon after birth each child is vaccinated against such illnesses as tuberculosis (TB), diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio and later smallpox. Due to vaccination and better hygiene these illnesses have either disappeared or are not fatal any more.

Each school child is under medical supervision which means that he or she has to undergo a series of preventive medical and dental check ups where his body is examined., his teeth checked and eyesight tested.

When we grow out of our children's diseases such as a cold, otitis, measles, mumps, rubeola or chicken-pox we do not have to go to the doctor so often. If we are not hypochondriacs we try to get over our cold easily by staying in bed, taking pills, keeping warm, sweating, gargling and drinking herbal tea with honey or lemon. But sometimes if a patient is trying to overcome a feverish sickness without staying in bed and curing it properly, he takes a risk, as the illness often leaves very dangerous aftereffects.

If we still feel unwell, we finally decide to see a physician who is called a General Practitioner (GP). It is better to make an appointment with the doctor in his surgery time (during his office hours) if we want to avoid long waiting in the waiting room which may often be crowded. Then the nurse says "Next please" and invites us into the consulting room; The nurse has to look for our medical record and wants to see our insurance card and then takes our temperature. Then we are ready to enter the surgery (consulting room). The doctor usually asks what the trouble is 'and then asks us to strip to the waist because he or she must examine our chest and throat. The doctor wants to know if we have a temperature, a good appetite and where we feel pain. Then he or she listens to our lungs and heart and we have to take a deep breath or stop breathing according to his orders. He also wants us to open our mouth and say "Ah" to see if our tonsils are red. Sometimes he or she checks the blood pressure and feels the pulse, takes the blood count and throat culture or puts urine through lab tests. We have to say how we feel, if we have a headache, a sore throat, a cold, a cough, or if we are sick and hoarse.

Finally the doctor diagnoses the case and therapy and prescribes a medicine. Most often we suffer from a common infection such as flu, tonsilitis, bronchitis or pneumonia. At the pharmacy (at the chemist´s in Britain) we get antibiotics, vitamins, pain relievers and gargle. We can also buy some medicinal herbs to prepare herbal tea.

In more serious cases of if we get injured we can call the doctor to our home. Sometimes we may be taken to hospital by an ambulance. In case of unconsciousness or heart attack the patient is put on a stretcher. For car accidents a special helicopter may be called up. Sometimes it is necessary to give first aid such as mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, to stop bleeding or fix fractures.

In the hospital the injured people are examined and X-rayed at a casualty ward (emergency room). Serious cases are immediately operated on in the operating theatre (room). Before the operation the patient must pass several tests and then just before the operation he is anaesthetized by means of an injection or inhalation of a narcotic. After the operation a scar often remains. The patient is sometimes sent to a health resort or a spa for rehabilitation; There he undergoes water treatment, takes baths, massage, remedial exercises and drinks the waters.

However, there are fatal illnesses like cancer or AIDS which are incurable so far. But the best way to cure yourself of a disease is not to catch it, because prevention is better than cure. We can keep our health by physical training, hardening our body, through sport, regular daily routine, sufficient sleep, wholesome food and avoiding alcohol, cigarettes and stress.

Medical care in the Slovak  Republic, Great Britain and the USA

SR According to law all citizens are covered by health insurance. Though there are several health insurance companies, both state and private, most people belong to the General Health Insurance Company. The Health Insurance System is currently undergoing some changes.  

• Employers pay health insurance for their employees.
• Private persons must pay for their insurance themselves.
• The state pay's the insurance for children and retired people.

In Britain, the National Health Service provides free health care to all people in the country. Everybody is free to choose a general practitioner (GP) in his own home area and be registered on his/her  list. In towns it is usual for three or four GPs to join together in partnership and thus share the cost of expensive medical technology.

If you need special treatment, the doctor will send you to see a specialist at the local hospital. In an emergency, you can call an ambulance by dialing 999 from any telephone. In England, the companies also pay insurance for their employees and the government for other people.

In the United States, there are two different types of health insurance. Most people have private health insurance. If you have a fractured arm, a heart attack, or even a blister, it is possible to choose your doctor and have treatment.

You pay the doctor, and then send the bill for the treatment to your insurance company. They will then send you the money.

 The problem is that  private health insurance are expensive, especially for treatment that needs specialists, such as treatment for heart attacks. If one is poor, the government will pay the doctor for treatment.

Many people, however, are not poor, but do not have the money to pay for private health insurance because it is very expensive. If they fall ill, they must pay for it themselves. This is a big problem now in the USA, because a hospital must take care of people, if they fall very ill, even if they do not have the money, and this is difficult for many hospitals.

Questions on the text:

1.  What care is provided to our citizens during their life       8. How do you describe your troubles if you have flu or time?                                                                                                    tonsilitis?                                                                      

2.  What diseases are we vaccinated against?                        9. What does the doctor say after the examination?

3.  What are considered to be children's illnesses?               10. What kind of medicine can we get at the pharmacy?

4.  How can we cure a cold without going to a doctor?           11. How are serious patients treated?

5.  What dp.es a nurse usually do before you enter a             12. What is meant by first aid?

surgery?                                                                                           13. .How is a patient prepared for an operation?   

6.  What does the doctor want us to do before and during     14. What treatment often follows an operation?

 the examination?    

7.  What information is he interested in?                                   15. How can everybody keep his or her health?

Write a presentation about your school following the example in your yes-book p. 57 and learn it so you can present it in our class. Please, take your time to think about your school because the sample one is pretty short, find out more about your school and students on the webpage of your school. The presentation is supposed to contain at least 200 words.

pri svojej odpovedi musíte plynulo rozprávať o téme minimálne 10 minút, musíte sa vyjadriť k bodom, ktoré sú vám zadané. Vždy začínate hovoriť všeobecným konštatovaním, prípadne uvediete problematiku. V prípade tejto témy napr. Nowadays, more and more people realize the importance of good education. Not only it is important to get a good job, it can also help you to get to work abroad, to get promoted, to be offered a higher salary. Futhermore, you spend a lot of time at school and you socialize with your classmate so this way you acquire life-long friends which might be also useful for your future career/private life. The better marks/grades you get, the higher possibility you are going to be accepted at university there is.

k čomu sa musím vyjadriť pri téme vzdelanie B1

- school system in the UK and Slovakia (lenght of compulsory education,pre-school, elementary, secondary, higher education; different types of schools ((private, state, public, boarding, church schools)), school subjects, organization of a school year, examinations, after-school/extracurricular activities)

B2 the US educational system, and in detail!

- the secondary school of printing and publishing - branches/fields of study, length of the study, holidays, terms, school reports, days off, school leaving exams, compulsory/elective subjects, general subjects, timetable, training lessons, special subjects related to your branch of study, your favourite subject, why, what you like/dislike about your school, what you would change if you had the powers)

- advantages and disadvantages of wearing a school uniform

- information technology at your school, the chance teachers will be replaced by computers one day - pros and cons

- qualities of a good/bad teacher/student

-what you like/dislike doing in your English lessons, why it is important to learn foreign languages, what ways are best to learn a foreign language, what kind of skills are tested at English language final exams

 

 

Food 67-74, + a recipe 83/TASK C + WRITING 82/ TASK B

ADDITIONAL TEXT

17_Food(1).docx

Talk about the topic being motivated by pictures.

05_CARD_food.pdf

What should I do or not do when I am eating in Britain?

The British generally pay a lot of attention to good table manners. Even young children are expected to eat properly with knife and fork.

We eat most of our food with cutlery. The foods we don't eat with a knife, fork or spoon include sandwiches, crisps, corn on the cob, and fruit.

Things you should do:

If you cannot eat a certain type of food or have some special needs, tell your host several days before the dinner party.

If you are a guest, it is polite to wait until your host starts eating or indicates you should do so. It shows consideration.

Always chew and swallow all the food in your mouth before taking more or taking a drink.

Always say thank you when served something. It shows appreciation.

You may eat chicken and pizza with your fingers if you are at a barbecue, finger buffet or very informal setting. Otherwise always use a knife and fork.

When eating rolls, break off a piece of bread before buttering. Eating it whole looks tacky.

On formal dining occasions it is good manners to take some butter from the butter dish with your bread knife and put it on your side plate (for the roll). Then butter pieces of the roll using this butter. This prevents the butter in the dish getting full of bread crumbs as it is passed around.

In a restaurant, it is normal to pay for your food by putting your money on the plate the bill comes on.

 

When you have finished eating, and to let others know that you have, place your knife and folk together, with the prongs (tines) on the fork facing upwards, on your plate.

 

 

"I was taught never to place ones fork tines facing upwards, but to do the exact opposite, to place the fork with the tines cruved and only the tips sitting on the plate. This was because if you had anything of an acid nature i.e vinegaret dressing etc it would tarnish the fork, so as little as possible of the fork would be left placed on the plate to avoid this. If you also so consider that silverware would have taken time to polish by staff a tarnishing of the silver would take them longer to clean off (if indeed it had not been damaged beyond repair) thus staff would be tied up cleaning these items not getting on with other tasks that were needing to be done. Worse it could be these days ones self doing the cleaning not a job wanted by many these days I dare say. Acidity can damage even modern made cutlery tarnishing it beyond repair and with the cost of good cutlery the best way to keep it getting spoit is to place the knife and fork together fork tines facing down so only the tips of the fork are upon the plate." Advice from a visitor to our website

Things you should not do:

Never lick or put your knife in your mouth.

It is impolite to start eating before everyone has been served unless your host says that you don't need to wait.

Never chew with your mouth open. No one wants to see food being chewed or hearing it being chomped on.

It is impolite to have your elbows on the table while you are eating.

Don't reach over someone's plate for something, ask for the item to be passed.

Never talk with food in your mouth.

It is impolite to put too much food in your mouth.

Never use your fingers to push food onto your spoon or fork.

It is impolite to slurp your food or eat noisily.

Never blow your nose on a napkin (serviette). Napkins are for dabbing your lips and only for that.

Never take food from your neighbours plate.

Never pick food out of your teeth with your fingernails.

 

Things that are ok to do:

It is ok to pour your own drink when eating with other people, but it is more polite to offer pouring drinks to the people sitting on either side of you.

It is ok to put milk and sugar in your tea and coffee or to drink them both without either.

I am not used to eating with a knife and fork. What do I need to know?

We eat continental style, with fork in the left hand and the knife in the right (or the other way round if you are left handed). At the top of your plate will be a dessert spoon and dessert fork.

If you are eating at a formal dinner party, you will come across many knives and forks. Start with the utensils on the outside and work your way inward with each subsequent course

How to eat with a knife and fork in England

The fork is held in the left hand and the knife in the right.

If you have a knife in one hand, it is wrong to have a fork in the other with the prongs (tines) pointed up.

Hold your knife with the handle in your palm and your folk in the other hand with the prongs pointing downwards.

Traditional Drinks in England

Please note: We have mainly written about England, as that is the country within the UK where our students live. We would be very happy for schools and visitors to send us information we can add to our website on Wales and Scotland. Tea Britain is a tea-drinking nation. Every day we drink 165 million cups of the stuff and each year around 144 thousand tons of tea are imported. Tea in Britain is traditionally brewed in a warmed china teapot, adding one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot. Most Britons like their tea strong and dark, but with a lot of milk. Interesting Fact Years ago, the milk was poured into the cup first, so as not to crack the porcelain. The traditional way of making tea is: Boil some fresh cold water. (We use an electric kettle to boil water) Put some hot water into the teapot to make it warm. Pour the water away Put one teaspoon of tea-leaves per person, and one extra tea-spoon, into the pot. Pour boiling water onto the tea. Leave for a few minutes. Serve Did you know? If someone asks you if you 'would like a cuppa', they are asking if you would like a cup of tea. If someone says 'let me be mother' or 'shall I be mother', they are offering to pour out the tea from the teapot. Tea Words and phrases Tea break, High tea, tea time, tea party, tea towel and many more terms have derived from the tradition of drinking tea. Tea breaks are when tea and biscuits are served. The traditional time for tea breaks are at 11:00 am (Elevensee) and 4 pm in the afternoon. If something is not quite to your taste, it’s probably 'not your cup of tea'. e.g. Windsurfing is not my cup of tea. Coffee Coffee is now as popular in Britain as tea is. People either drink it with milk or have it black and either have freshly- made coffee or instant coffee. Bitter Britain is also well known for its ale which tends to be dark in appearance and heavier than lager. It is known as "bitter" Bitter is served in Pubs Wine Britain's wine industry is growing from strength to strength and we now have over 300 wine producers. A growing number of British vineyards are now producing sparkling white wine as well as full bodied red wine. There are over 100 vineyard in Kent.

learn food for next ANJ lesson

Pancake Day or Shrove Tuesday is a special day celebrated in many countries around the world. It is celebrated in English-speaking countries like the UK, Ireland, Australia and Canada. In some countries, like France and the USA, it is called 'Mardi Gras' or 'Fat Tuesday'. In other countries, like Spain, Italy or Brazil, Shrove Tuesday is at the end of Carnival. On this day many people eat pancakes, a thin, flat cake made in a pan.

Pancake Day is always on a Tuesday in February or March. It is the day before Ash Wednesday, the start of Lent. Lent is a period of 40 days before Easter when people often give up or stop eating things that are bad for them like chocolate or fast food. At the end of Lent is Easter. Easter takes place on a different date each year because it depends on the moon. Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first full moon of spring. Traditionally, during Lent, people didn’t eat rich foods like butter and eggs, so they made pancakes from these ingredients on Shrove Tuesday.

Another tradition on Pancake Day in the UK is pancake racing. People run in a race with a pancake in a pan. As they run, they have to toss the pancake (throw the pancake in the air and catch it in the pan) several times. In some pancake races people dress up in fancy dress costumes. The most famous pancake race takes place in a town called Olney, in the middle of England. People say that Olney has been celebrating pancake races since 1445!

Pancakes are very easy to make. Try our recipe.

Ingredients:
One cup of flour
One cup of milk
One large egg
Some salt
Some butter or oil
Lemon juice
Some sugar

Instructions:
Fill one cup with flour and put into a bowl. Fill another cup with milk and pour into the bowl. Crack the egg into the bowl and whisk the flour, milk and egg until the mixture is smooth. Put a very small amount of butter or oil in a pan, and when it is hot, put some mixture in the pan and move the pan to make a thin pancake. After one minute hold the pan carefully and throw or toss the pancake in the air to turn it over. Now cook the pancake on the other side.

When the pancake is ready, squeeze some lemon juice and put some sugar on it and eat it immediately. If you don’t like lemon juice, eat them with jam, chocolate sauce or ice cream. Mmm, delicious!

A Traditional English Christmas Dinner
Woodlands Junior School is in the south-east corner of England
The Christmas Dinner is the main Christmas meal and is traditionally eaten at mid-day or early afternoon on Christmas Day in England, and also in the rest of Britain. © copyright of projectbritain.com   The Traditional Christmas Dinner A traditional English and British Christmas dinner includes roast turkey or goose, brussels sprouts, roast potatoes, cranberry sauce, rich nutty stuffing, tiny sausages wrapped in bacon (pigs in a blanket) and lashings of hot gravy. © copyright of projectbritain.com For pudding (dessert) we eat a rich, fruity pudding which is doused in flaming brandy – said to ward off evil spirits. This rich, fruity pudding is called the Christmas Pudding. Follow this link to read more about the Christmas pudding Photographs of food eaten Roast Turkey covered in bacon Roast Potatoes Pigs in a Blanket (sausages wrapped in bacon) Brussels Sprouts and chestnuts Parsnips and Swede Roasted Gammon Ginger Bread Stuffing by Nigella Lawson from Nigella's Christmas Kitchen (Recipe) Stuffing     Bread Sauce (recipe) Cranberry Sauce ( recipe) A Turkey Wishing Tradition A Christmas tradition involving the turkey is to pull its wishbone. This is one of the bones of the turkey which is shaped like the letter 'Y'. Two people will each hold an end and pull. The person left with the larger piece of the bone makes a wish. copyright of projectbritain.com Christmas Crackers Traditionally a Christmas cracker is placed next to each plate on the Christmas dinner table. When the crackers are pulled, out falls a colourful party crown, a toy or gift and a festive joke. (Click here to find out more about crackers)   Interesting Fact about a Christmas Dinner One notable medieval English Christmas celebration featured a giant, 165-pound pie. The giant pie was nine feet in diameter. Its ingredients included 2 bushels of flour, 20 pounds of butter, 4 geese, 2 rabbits, 4 wild ducks, 2 woodcocks, 6 snipes, 4 partridges, 2 neats' tongues, 2 curlews, 6 pigeons and 7 blackbirds. It is said that Henry VIII was the first English King to enjoy turkey. However, it wasn't until early 20th century that eating turkey became fashionable at Christmas.

 

The Christmas Pudding (dessert)
Woodlands Junior School is in the south-east corner of England
The Christmas pudding is a brown pudding with raisins, nuts and cherries. It is similar to fruitcake, except that pudding is steamed and fruitcake is baked. © copyright of projectbritain.com Traditionally a silver coin (six pence) was hidden inside the Christmas Pudding. The silver coin brought good fortune to whomever was lucky enough to find it when the pudding was cut. Decorated with holly How to eat a Christmas Pudding The Flaming Christmas Pudding Brandy is often poured over the pudding, which is then set a light as it is carried to the table. © copyright of projectbritain.com Brandy poured over Flaming Christmas Pudding The lights are turned off so people can see the flames.   Christmas Pudding is served with custard or brandy sauce. (5 tbsp double cream, whipped with 2 tbsp brandy) Eating Christmas Pudding with brandy sauce   History of the Christmas Pudding Christmas Porridge - Frumenty The Christmas pudding known today began life as Christmas porridge called Frumenty, a dish made of wheat or corn boiled up in milk. © copyright of projectbritain.com Plum Pudding As time went on, other ingredients, such as dried plums or prunes, eggs, and lumps of meat were added to make it more interesting. When cooked, it was poured into a dish. This pudding was called Plum Pudding. © copyright of projectbritain.com The name 'Plum Pudding' continued to be used even when people used raisins, currants, and sultanas instead of prunes. When is the traditional time for making the Christmas Pudding? The traditional time for making a Christmas pudding is on 'Stir Up Sunday ' at the beginning of advent. A proper Christmas pudding is always stirred from East to West in honour of the three Wise Men and traditionally made with 13 ingredients to represent Christ and His Disciples. Every member of the family must give the pudding a stir and make a secret wish.

HOUSING 

 

COMPLETE ANS LEARN:

 

HOUSING_vocabulary.pdf 

HOUSING_1.pdf

HOUSING_2.pdf

REVISION:

2_CULTURE_and_ART_Voc(1).doc

3_Sport.docx      SPORT_AND_GAMES.pdf

4_Housing.docx