KAJ

Párny týždeň - ŠTVRTOK

Nepárny týždeň - PONDELOK

ENGLISH FILE page 5 make notes and talk about MOOD FOOD

+ FOOD in Yes!book + recipe

HOUSING

ESSAY: Description of my house/flat ( 200-250 words)

         -          what type of house it is

-                      where it is  situated

-                       what  it is furnished with

-                       place you like spending much time and why

 

 

 

4. Housing (bývanie)

- my home (address, part of the town, description of your house/flat, domestic appliances – domáce spotrebiče, furniture - nábytok), neighbourhood (susedstvo, sídlisko, blízke okolie), facilities (zariadenia) in my neighbourhood

- housing in towns and villages – advantages and disadvantages (výhody a nevýhody)

- ideal housing (your ideas about your own house or flat)

- compare housing in Slovakia and Great Britain and the USA

We all are very much influenced by (ovplyvnení) the place where we grow up (vyrastať). Our whole life is marked by (poznačený) places where we live, stay or work. There comes a time when we want to settle down (usadiť sa) and create our own home. Every one of us has a dream home in a dream country which would correspond (zhodovať sa) to all our needs and desires (túžby). In real life we try to make the best possible compromise.

                Living in towns and cities has both advantages (výhody) and disadvantages (nevýhody). On the one hand (na jednej strane), there are many job opportunities (pracovné príležitosti), better schooling possibilities, a rich social life, and a lot of sports facilities (športové zariadenia). There are many cultural events held, such as concerts, art exhibitions, operas, theatre performances. People can go out to cafés, pubs, and night clubs. There are lots of shops, shopping malls or shopping centres where one can buy all sorts of goods (Tovar) under one roof (strecha). There are usually a few local hospitals which provide (poskytovať) a high standard of health care. On the other hand (na druhej strane), city inhabitants (-citizens, obyvatelia mesta) live in a polluted (znečistený), noisy, crowded (preplnený) and hectic place. The air in towns and cities is often polluted by fumes (dym) from factory chimneys (komín) and cars. There is often a lot of mess and dirt in the streets. A lot of city people live in housing estates (sídliská), which is not an ideal place to raise (vychovávať) children. The most serious problem of towns and cities is a high level of criminality caused by pickpockets (vreckári), shoplifters (vykrádači obchodov), burglars (lupiči), murderers (vrahovia) and drug dealers.

                In the past, there was a strong tendency to move to towns. Nowadays, more and more people move back to the country where they look for peace and a healthy way of living. The houses in village are cheaper than the ones in towns.

                Many Slovaks live in flats. A flat is situated in the same building as other flats, often forming part of a block of flats (panelák) or town house (bytovka). During the communist period a lot of huge (obrovský) housing estates (sídliská) were built in our country. These days, a lot of them are being reconstructed and new ones are being built but not as many as before. A flat may be very large with nearly as much space as a house or it may be just one room with a kitchen and a bathroom. Most of the flats in Slovakia are two-, three- or four-room flats.

                British people prefer to live in houses rather than flats. There are several types of houses in Britain: terraced houses (radové domy), back-to-back houses (domy, ktoré majú spoločnú zadnú stenu, houses which share their back wall), town houses, semi-detached houses (dvojdomy, houses which have one wall in common), detached (samostaný) houses and bungalows (single-storey detached house). Terraced houses are built in a row (rad), back-to-back houses share a back wall, and semi-detached houses are joined (spojený) together by one common (spoločný) wall. A detached house stands by itself and a bungalow is built on one level. Slovak houses are usually quite big and the older ones are sometimes shared (deliť sa o niečo) by two families – grandparents, their children and grandchildren.

                Slovaks and British people love gardening. Slovaks tend to (inklininovať k niečomu) have bigger gardens behind (za) their houses and they spend quite a lot of time growing (pestovať) vegetables and fruit. There is a lot of work around the house throughout (počas celého roka) the whole year. Both Slovaks and British are very skillful (zručný) and do a lot of work themselves.

                A cottage/cabin (chalupa), a small traditional country house, is quite popular in our country. Some families have cottages near woods (lesy) or lakes (jazerá) and like to spend their weekends there. British people also like country houses. Some British families have them in France.

                A typical British house is set in/is situated in (je umiestnený v) a small garden and has two storeys (poschodia). It is usually designed for a family of four or five people. There is a hall, a front room, a back room, a dining room (jedáleň), an utility room (špajza), a kitchen and a storage space downstairs (dole, na prízemí). A garage is normally attached to the house. Upstairs (hore, na poschodí), there is one big bedroom and two smaller ones, a bathroom and a lavatory (- toilet, WC). Parents usually have bedroom with en-suite bathroom

                The furniture (nábytok) in British and Slovak rooms is not very different nowadays. The living room has a sofa (sedačka) and armchairs (kreslá), a wall unit (stenová zostava nábytku) with the hi-fi system, television and video, a bookcase and a coffee table (servírovací, nízky stolík). There is a carpet on the floor to make the room warm and comfortable (pohodlný). Most of the British houses have a fireplace (kozub) because of cold weather. The kitchen furniture includes the kitchen cupboards (linka), sink (výlevka, umývadlo v kuchyni), cooker (šporák) and fridge (chladnička) and freezer (mrazák). They are usually built‑in (vstavaný). There is also a table with chairs or stools (stolička bez operadla, stolček). The floor in the kitchen is often tiled (vykachličkovaná). Slovak families usually have their washing machine in the bathroom, the British in the kitchen. The bedroom has a double bed, built-in wardrobes (vstavané šatníkové skrine), dressing table (toaletný stolík) with a mirror on the wall and a stool in front of the table.

                In the USA an average American family lives in a large house with many rooms. In large American cities, many people live in downtown apartments (flats). Like the British, Americans do not usually stay in the same house their whole lives. Aome families like to move to other parts of the country and change houses every 10 years.

                As the standard of living (životná úroveň) is generally very high in the USA, the average (priemerný) American family can live comfortably (pohodlne) and well. Many wealthy (zámožný) people have very large houses with many rooms, tennis courts and swimming pools. In the centre of big American cities, many people live in apartments (flats, byty) situated in (umiestnený v) large apartment buildings. The houses are well-furnished (dobre zariadený) and equipped (vybavený) with modern household appliances (domáce spotrebiče). Each child in the family has his/her own room. Like the British people, Americans do not usually stay (zostať) in the same house their whole lives. Some families like to move (sťahovať sa) to other parts of the country and change houses more than once in a decade (desaťročie).

                Both in Slovakia and Great Britain, it is not easy to buy one’s own flat or a house. In both countries, the prices of property (majetok, nehnuteľnosť) are extremely high. It is impossible for a young family to buy a flat without the help of parents or a mortgage (hypotéka). In order to buy a house, a family does not need to have all the money – there are many banks from which it is possible to borrow (požičať) up to 90 per cent of the value (hodnota) of the house as a mortgage. Almost half of all British families own (vlastniť) the houses in which they live. A lot of them pay off (splácať) the mortgage for many years after moving into a house. In Slovakia more and more people take advantage of (využiť niečo) the mortgage too. Some take out a loan (brať si pôžičku) for the reconstruction of their flats or houses.

                Homelessness (bezdomovstvo) is a big social problem in many countries. A lot of homeless people (bezdomovci) are alcoholics, mentally-ill (duševne chorí) or just unemployed people left (ponechaní) without means of living (prostriedky na živobytie). In our country more and more asylum houses (azylové domy) are built for them.

 

Answer these questions:

 

1.        Is it necessary to have all the money to buy a house in Britain? Explain.

2.        What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in towns?

3.        What is the difference between a flat and a house?

4.        What are the basic types of houses in Britain?

5.        What does a typical British house look like?

6.        What kinds of gardens do the houses in Slovakia normally have?

7.        Where do the majority of American people live?

8.        Do Americans stay in the same house all their lives?

9.        Compare the household equipment an average American and Slovak family has.

10.     Why is it complicated to buy a house or a flat?

11.     Describe your house or flat. (I live in a four- room flat. It is on the fifth floor. I live in the housing estate called

12.     What is your idea of a perfect home?

13.     Translate these words into Slovak: armchair, bookcase, bedroom, carpet, bunk bed, double bed, single bed, en-suite bathroom, sauna, winter garden, garage, front door, back door, loo, rug, walls are painted white, dining room, hall, refrigerator, freezer, kettle, oven, cooker, hoover, lamp, wardrobe, chest of drawers, hanger, poster, picture, toilet, bathroom, living room, kitchen, bedroom, dishwasher, sink, coffee table, sofa, water tap, windowsill, curtains, bedside lamp, remote control, switch, to plug in, to turn the TV on, to turn off the computer, blinds, bedside/night table.

14.     Describe your room. Use the phrases given: there is + jednotné číslo /there are + množné číslo

I have/don’t have my own room. I share my room with my brother. My room is painted green/bright orange/light green.

Opposite the door there is/are ….. On the right/left there are/is …. I have got pictures, posters, paintings on the walls. …is next to (je pri) my bed, …..is behind (za), under (pod) on (na), floating floor (plávajúca podlaha), cupboards/wardrobe, shelf/bookshelf (shelves). On the windowsill I have pots with flowers, I have/don’t have curtains, blinds. I like my room because….. I spend/don’t spend a lot of time in my room. In my room I….. (listen to music, watch TV, use computer, go on the Internet, play games, chat with friends, text/phone my friends, have a mess, make love, read books, do my homework, paint/draw pictures, talk to my friends, play with my sister, have a lot of toys, fluffy toys, pillows, electronic gadgets…… . If you opened my wardrobe/drawer, you would find a complete mess, lots of papers, pencils, clothes, shoes, t-shirts, tops, dresses, board games (spoločenské hry), earings, make-up staff, brushes, toiletries, love letters …….

 

Veľa -Lots of, a lot of (kladné vety, počítateľné aj nepočítateľné podstatné mená.

Veľa - Many + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle (zápor, otázka)

Veľa - Much + nepočítateľné podstatné čísla (zápor, otázka)

Nejaký, niektorý - Some + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle a nepočítateľné podstatné mená v kladných vetách

                + otázky keď niečo ponúkam: Would you like some tea? Would you like something to eat?

Nejaký, žiadny - Any + nepočítateľné  a počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle v otázke a zápore!

Málo - Little + nepočítateľné podstatné mená (málo), a little (trošku)

Málo - Few + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle. (málo); a few - zopár

V jednotnom čísle počítateľných podstatných mien používame a/an!!!!!!

Some – something, somewhere, sometimes,

Any – anything, anywhere, anytime.

Doplň:

I’ve got …………………………….. good friends but I haven’t got …………….best friend.

There are …………………..nice pictures by my classmates on the wall. ……………..of them I like very much.

There are …………….flower pots on the windowsill. I don’t have ……………time.

Would you like …………sugar into your coffee? Yes, but just ………………. .

There isn’t ……………… I hate about my school. Well, maybe ………….things.

…………… Slovak people live in flats. There isn’t ……………milk in the fridge.

I’ve got ……………….news for you.

Have you heard ……………….. of Pete? I haven’t been in touch with him for …………… weeks.

Have you got ………….money on you? Yes, but just …………….

Just ……………….. of my subject I like but most of them I loathe.

In towns and cities there ……. ……………………….sports and cultural facilities, but just …………… places where you can be alone.

In Bratislava there ……  ………… museums, art galleries, theatres, concert halls and restaurants.

There …………… too ………….. pubs and cafés in villages, just a church and one local pub.

… friend in need is … friend indeed.

… lot of my homework I do at school. Not ……… of it I do at home.

I have never cheated in ………….. tests. …………… I passed but not too ……………… .

My English teacher is absolutely horrible because she gives us …………….. homework and I don’t have …….. time to do it on time.

We have been through ……….. of our final exams topic but there are still ………………… left.

Is there ……..thing I can help you with? No, thanks a lot. I haven’t got …….left.

I am living with my friends until I find ……………………… to live

…………………….can learn English, it just a matter of will.

I don’t want to tell you ……………………..

 

 

17. FOOD

1.       Food and drinks during a day, your favourite meal. How do you make it?

2.       Places where people eat (restaurants, at home, at school canteen)

3.       National cuisine – traditions, specialties, table manners

4.       Eating habits, healthy food

People are different all over the world. People who live in colder countries need to eat more fatty (mastný) products and food which give them a lot of energy. People who live in hot countries need to eat a lot of fruit and vegetables to give their body enough energy and liquids. People who do physical work need a lot of energy and they also eat a lot of fatty products and food. In China people use chopsticks (paličky) when they eat, in Europe we use spoon (lyžica), knife (nôž) and fork (vidlička), in Africa they use their fingers or a piece of bread.

4. We have different eating habits (stravovacie návyky). Our eating habits depend on (závisia od) our lifestyle (životný štýl), our work, our mood (nálada) and feeling, our financial situation, our age and of course, the country we come from. Rich people usually eat healthier meals (jedlá) and poor people usually eat fast-food meals or junk food and they do not eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. Women usually eat healthier food than men. Those who want to eat healthy, eat a lot of low-fat products (yogurts, cheeses, skimmed milk), their food is rich in minerals, fibre (vláknina) and vitamins. They eat whole-grain (celozrnný) bread, they avoid (vyhýbajú sa) fatty meals. Women who want to lose weight eat as little as possible and kids are often fussy (vyberavý) about their food. Children often like fast-food meals such as (ako je) hamburgers, fish and chips, doughnuts, cakes, and also pasta, pizza and sausages. They love ketchup, but a lot of them hate healthy food. They like drinking fizzy drinks, lemonades and Coke is their favourite drink. They love sweet meals such as pancakes, cakes, puddings, jelly, ice-cream etc. (and so on).

 

1.       Normally, we eat three times a day – we have breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Breakfast. Slovaks usually have bread or a bread roll (rohlík) with butter, jam, honey, ham, some cheese or salami for breakfast. Some prefer scrambled eggs (praženica) or sausages. Others have a bowl (miska) of cereals (cereálie) such as cornflakes or muesli with milk. We usually drink a cup of coffee or a cup of tea for breakfast. Children have a glass of milk or cocoa for breakfast. They like yogurts, toasts with chocolate spread, bread and butter with honey or jam. The English usually begin the day with a cup of tea or coffee. British people have for breakfast toasts with butter and cheese, a bowl of cereals with milk, a cup of tea or coffee or a glass of orange juice. They do not drink tea with lemon; they put milk in it instead. Then they have a cup of tea again and finish with toast and marmalade. But nowadays more and more people prefer lighter meal for breakfast. Later in the morning the English people have another cup of tea and some biscuits.

                The traditional English breakfast starts with cereals. It is often a bowl of cornflakes (ovsené vločky) with milk or porridge (ovsená kaša). This is sometimes followed by fried bacon and eggs or sausages (párky) and fried tomatoes, often at weekends. Children often eat toasts with beans in tomato sauce.

At about 10.00 o’clock in the morning we usually have a little snack, students at school eat their home-made (doma pripravené) snacks during their break after the third lesson.

The English lunch is a light meal consisting of warm dish (teplé jedlo) and a dessert, or ham and cheese sandwich, some fruit, pudding and ice cream. Lamb (jahňacina), beef or chicken is served with potatoes, vegetables and gravy (šťava z mäsa).

In the afternoon the English have teatime again. They meet friends and have a tea party. They eat thin slices of bread with cheese and some fish and vegetables.

Dinner is the main meal of the day in Great Britain (and also in the USA). It is served at about 6 o´clock when all the members of the family are at home. This meal is often eaten in front of the television. Most dinners during the week are simple, people often use pre-cooked (predvarené) food – CONVENIENT FOOD (tinned or frozen) with frozen (mrazené) vegetables, which can be heated (môže byť zohriate) quickly. A lot of supermarkets sell frozen “TV dinners” which can be quickly prepared in the oven or a microwave. During the week the meal consists of soup and fish and chips which is considered to be typically British. The British often have chicken and boiled vegetables with pasta or rice for dinner. Sometimes they eat pork or beef steaks with vegetables. Then later in the evening around 10 o´clock it is time for light supper.

A lot of Americans love to have lunch and dinner “out” – at snack bars, fast food restaurants or expensive hotels. They also use take-away services. You go to the take-away restaurant, you buy your food, take it home and you eat it at home. Typical take-away food includes pizza, Chinese food, Indian food and the traditional fish and chips.

In our country lunch is the main meal of the day. It usually has two courses (chody). The first course is a soup and the main course consists of some meat with the side dish (príloha). Sometimes we have dessert. For lunch, Slovaks have some meat (mäso), it is usually pork (bravčové), beef (hovädzie) or poultry (hydina) with potatoes or rice. But we also eat a lot of pasta (veľa cestovín) and sweet meals.

The Slovaks prepare dinner themselves at home. It is either (buď) a warm meal or a sandwich. Sometimes they order pizza. Some people have light supper, often cheese and biscuits and a glass of milk or a mug of cocoa before they go to bed. Men usually have a glass of beer or a glass of wine in the evening.

 

2. People who are at work have their lunch at canteens (v jedálňach) or they go and buy something in fast-food restaurants (KFC or Mc Donald’s) or take-away restaurants. Pupils and students have lunch at school canteen or they eat their packed lunch (which their mums made for them the day before) at school. Businessmen often invite their business partners for lunch or dinner to a restaurant. There they can choose from daily menu which is usually cheaper and is usually offered during lunchtime. 

3. Each country has some traditional meals. Fish and chips are typically British. Pasta and pizza are considered typically Italian. Hamburger with chips is a typical American meal. In China they eat noodles and rice. Typical Slovak meal is “bryndzové halušky” (potato dumplings with sheep cheese). It is a kind of food prepared from potatoes and flour. Another traditional Slovak meal is “lokše” which are potato pancakes cooked on the stove (platni) or on a frying pan without oil. Another typical Slovak meal is cabbage soup (made of cabbage, pork, beef, plums, bacon and cream which we eat on Christmas Eve). For Christmas dinner the Slovaks usually have lentil soup (šošovicová polievka) or cabbage soup and potato salad with fried fish. We usually eat carp. The English and Americans have roast turkey with vegetables for their Christmas dinner. The British also eat Christmas pudding, which is a special cake and they eat it only on Christmas day. At Easter we usually eat smoked ham with potato salad and the English have hot cross buns on Easter Sunday.

Table manners – decide whether these manners are considered polite or impolite.

·         Use your knife to cut and your fork to put the food in your mouth.

·         Chew food with your mouth closed.

·         Have a cigarette while other people eat.

·         Sip your soup if it is too hot.

·         Ask for things to be passed to you, don't lean over the table.

·         If you have chewed the spice, spit it on the plate

·         If you need to blow your nose, excuse yourself and go out of the room first.

·         Answer your phone at the table and talk loudly and long enough.

·         Don't grab everything you want first - help others to get their food and be prepared to share.

·         Don't talk with your mouth full of food. It is not a good look!

·         Eat with fingers if nobody tells you that you cannot do that.

·         Put your elbows on the table, it is more comfortable.

·         Do not pick anything out of your teeth. If it bothers you that bad, excuse yourself and go to the toilet to pick it.

·         Always use a napkin to wipe your mouth, which should be on your lap when you do not use it.

·         If you have a cold you can blow your nose with a napkin. You don’t have excuse yourself and go to the toilet.

·         Lick your mouth when need it, do not have to use a napkin

·         It is OK to put a knife into your mouth.

·         You can start eating as soon as you are served. You do not have to wait for the others to be served

·         You can make unpleasant noises when you are at home (belching - grganie, farting-prdenie, sipping, smacking)

·         When you eat rolls, tear off a piece of it and then spread butter on it. Do not take a whole piece of a bread roll

 

th

2 CULTURE AND ART

a)      Cultural options in the city and in the country (museums, exhibitions, theatres, cinemas, concerts, the circus, dance)

b)      Popular forms of culture and art (genres, famous personalities)

c)       Attending cultural events

d)      Music, film, theatre and folk festivals, atmosphere

e)      Other forms of art – folk music, dance, painting, sculpture, architecture – well-known artists/performers

 

A man should hear a little music, read a little poetry and see a fine Picture every day of his life. (J. W. Goethe)

 

                Culture and art are part of everyday life of people. They add aesthetic value to our lives, enrich our mind and please our senses. Various cultural events present an interesting way of spending the free time of individuals, couples and families. Both culture and art are parts of national heritage of every country – all of them do their best to develop and promote it. Cities offer many cultural attractions to citizens and tourists.

                Art is a way of communicating feelings. Artists express themselves in many forms – music, literature, architecture, painting, drawing, sculpture. Music, dance and theatre are performing arts. Painting, sculpture, architecture and photography are decorative arts.

                 Music has become a hobby, a profession and a part of the lifestyle of many people. Those who like classical music can enjoy a concert of philharmonic orchestra in a concert hall or attend a festival. Some of the festivals are held annually, such as the Bratislava Music Festival. Composers like Mozart, Beethoven and Bach have become the most important figures of the European musical heritage. Ode to Joy, a part of Beethoven’s masterpiece Ninth Symphony, became the anthem (hymna) of the European Union. Opera lovers can chose from a list of opera performances in one of the many opera houses, such as the Royal Opera House in London, where visitors can see both opera and ballet performances. A very famous concert venue in New York City is Carnegie Hall where concerts of classical as well as popular music are held. Spectators can enjoy it extraordinary acoustics.

                Fans of different music styles – pop, rock, jazz, blues or country can enjoy the music at music festivals of the different genres, go to see their favourite singers or groups live at concerts or simply listen to CDs, MP3 players or watch concerts on DVDs. Thanks to digital technology the music industry supplies the market with all possible music genres recorded on many different types of media.

                Slovakia is famous for its tradition of folklore music. Folklore groups dressed in traditional costumes dance at folklore festivals (the most famous is the one held in July in Východná). Young people prefer modern dance which includes many different types. Oriental dance is becoming very popular among women throughout the whole of Europe.

                Dramatic art has a very long tradition in countries like England and France. The famous English theatre company, the Royal Shakespeare Company Theatre, brings together famous actors and directors of the world to work on the greatest plays. Numerous London theatres are concentrated in the West End, the entertainment heart of London, which remained a fashionable place for theatre and opera throughout the years. One of the major cultural events in Scotland is the Edinburgh International Festival which is a festival of classical music, opera, theatre and dance. Slovak theatre-goers can also enjoy various types of theatre performances. Musicals, performed at the New Scene Theatre in Bratislava, have become very popular in the last few years. Other favourite theatres in this town include the Slovak National Theatre, the Small Scene of the Slovak National Theatre, the Hviezdoslav Theatre, the Arena Theatre and many others.

                Cinema generally enjoys great popularity. In Slovakia most films are of American productions; in the cinemas they are often shown with Slovak subtitles (titulky), on the TV they are dubbed (dabované). French, Spanish, and other foreign language film are quite rare, mostly presented at film festivals or in special film clubs. The most famous international film festivals are held in Cannes, Venice and Berlin. Ordinary small cinemas are now being replaced by large multi-screen air-conditioned complexes in shopping centres. Some of them have introduced three-dimensional (3D) films. In summer, people like to go to open-air cinemas. The number of cinema-goers has dropped throughout the years because films are now available on DVDs. They can be rented from DVD rental shops. Every year, actors, actresses, directors and screenplay writers are awarded a prize for their achievements in filmmaking. The Academy Award (Oscar) is the main national film award in the USA.

                There is a great variety of media in which an artist can work. Paintings (Fine Art) of famous painters and sculptors (sochári) like Picasso, Van Gogh, Rembrandt, Claude Monet or Michelangelo are immortal and their artworks can be seen in a number of museums around the world. The National Gallery in London houses on of the greatest collections of European paintings in the world. The Tate Gallery is the national gallery of British art, also located in London.

                Visitors to Bratislava can admire the colour paintings, landscapes, portraits and other works of arts in the Slovak National Gallery or the Bratislava City Gallery. The works of artists can be categorised into so called styles – Impressionism, Modernism, Surrealism, Naïve Art, Pop Art and others.

                Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings. It includes town planning, urban design, landscape architecture (development of gardens, parks) and interior design (furniture). Many architectural works may also be seen as cultural and political symbols and they are often works of art. They can have both a functional and aesthetic character. Some new architectonic structures were made possible only thanks to new materials and the development of technology. Famous architects of the Renaissance period were Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, who were also artists and scientists. At that time there was no clear dividing line between an artist and an architect one of the most famous architects of the 20^th century was the controversial Austrian architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser, known for his revolutionary architectural designs.

                Cultural events in the countryside are not that frequent. People who live in villages all their lives prefer gardening, visiting friends or watching TV. Many inhabitants of Bratislava have recently moved to villages, trying to get away from the busy city life as they do not live too far from the city, they can still enjoy the cultural life the city offers.

 

Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist and architect. He lived from 1452-1519 and is a great figure of the Italian Renaissance. His painting an Italian nobleman’s wife called Zanoki del Giocondo, has become the most famous painting in the world, either under the tile La Giconda or the Mona Lisa.

                Picasso was born in 1881 in Spain although he did most of his painting in France. He is generally recognised as one of the most inventive painters of the 20^th century. He was already an accomplished (hotový, skvelý, majstrovský) artist at the age of 10, had his first exhibition aged 16 and continued painting well into his 80s. He is probably best known for his surrealist paintings.

                The Impressionist movement was named after Monet’s painting Impression, Sunrise. The movement (smer, hnutie) is particularly concerned with light effects and Monet often painted his subjects at different times of day to explore these effects. Born in Paris, I 1840, he began his Impressionist paintings in the 1860s. The First Impressionist exhibition was held in 1874. Monet produced many paintings which are still popular today, including Haystacks and Rouen Cathedral.

                Van Gogh is famous not only for his post-impressionist paintings but also for the wild temperament which led him to cutting off part of one ear and later committing suicide in 1890. The Dutch painter was born in 1853 and first worked as a schoolmaster in England before becoming a pointer. Like Picasso, he did most of his work in France, including his most famous paintings, The Sunflowers and The Chair.

                As well as being an artist, Andy Warhol, was also an accomplished filmmaker. He was born in Pittsburgh in 1928, a son of Slovak immigrants. After studying at an art college, he became one of the leading commercial artists of the 1950s, with his Pop Art style – including pictures of soup cans and drinks bottles. He was shot by a radical feminist in 1968 but survived. He carried on painting until his death in 1987.

Modern art is not about any one thing in particular. It reflects many concerns of modern life. For instance, with its strange jumble (zmes, miešanica) of colours, lines and shapes, it may not appear to be anything recognisable. It may depict real objects but in an unusual or distorted (prekrútený, skreslený, skomolený) way. Modern art does not usually tell a story. Instead, it may evoke feelings, ideas, and impressions which are hard to put into words. At the beginning of the last century, many artists turned away from the traditional depiction of nature. Photography, which was developed in the 1830s, had freed artists from the need to copy what they saw. They instead began to explore ideas about art itself or tapping their own feelings. They were also trying to express their feelings about changes that they experienced in the world around them.

1.        Family

-          Name, age, date of birth, address, marital status, weekdays (daily routine) and weekends, important moments in your life

-          Members of your family (appearance –výzor, character, hobbies), housework

-          your perfect partner, your vision of your own family

-          Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?

A family usually consists of (pozostáva z) a mother, father and their children (siblings (súrodenci) – brother, sister), and grandparents (grandfather and grandmother) who live together in one home. They are members of an immediate family (najbližšia rodina). But a family doesn’t consist just of our immediate family. We have cousins, uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, mothers-in-law, fathers-in-law, sisters-in-law, brothers-in-law, who are members of our extended family (širšie príbuzenstvo).

A functioning family should provide protection (ochrana), education, help and security (bezpečnosť) to all its members. Strong relationships (vzťahy) are often created between siblings (súrodenci), cousins, parents, aunts, uncles, grandparents and other relatives (príbuzní).

        All family members have some duties (povinnosti) and responsibilities (zodpovednosti). Parents should teach their children what is good and bad, how to solve problems (riešiť problem) in life, how to become an independent (nezávislý) person and care about (starať sa o koho) others. Democratic parents talk with their children and respect them. Strict parents (prísni rodičia) do not make compromises, which often creates a generation gap (generačná priepasť/rozdiel) between them and their own children. The main duty of children is learning and going to school. They should also help their parents with housework (domáce práce). (I do the shopping, I do the washing up, I tidy up my room, I take out the trash; my mum cooks, washes and dry dishes, hoovers the floor, clears the table, sets the table, does the washing/washes the clothes, takes the dog for a walk; my father is responsible for feeding the dog, washing the windows, shovelling the snow, washing the car, cleaning the toilet and bathroom; my sister’s duty is (povinnosťou mojej sestry je) to dust the furniture (utierať prach z nábytku), to hang out (vyvesiť) the clothes/washing, to put away books, to make her bed, to water the flowers, to watch my little brother (dávať pozor na malého brata) and sometimes she goes shopping with me and my mum.

        Modern European families are monogamous (monogamné) most of young people get married (sa vydáva/žení) in their late twenties or early thirties. Many young people live together in the same home but are not a husband and wife. This is called cohabitation (spolužitie “na divoko”). Older generations think this is not correct.

        The wedding (svadba) is a formal act and it takes place in a town hall (radnica) or in a church (kostol). The engaged couple (snúbenecký pár) exchange their wedding rings (obrúčky) and promise themselves (sľúbiť si navzájom) to live together in good and bad and in illness too. Nowadays, many couples are divorced (rozvedené). Their frequent reasons for a divorce are problems with trust (dôvera), money, living with parents and parents-in-law, alcohol, drugs, gambling (gamblerstvo) and unemployement (nezamestnanosť).

        When one of the parents dies, children stay with a single parent (jediný rodič). A woman who loses (stratí) her husband (manžel) is called a widow (vdova) and a man is called a widower (vdovec). When they get married again, the new parents are called step- parents (nevlastní rodičia) and their children are step-sisters and step-brothers. Sometimes, divorced parents get married once again. Bad relationships with new step-parents lead to (viesť k niečomu) problems and frequent arguments (časté hádky).

        Family life is different all around the world. In Slovakia many families meet together for special days, such as on birthdays, at weddings, feasts (hody/hostiny) and funerals (pohreby), graduation ceremonies (promócie). A family, a real home and relatives (príbuzní) are what we need for life. They always help us when we need them.

-          Biography, address, date of birth, marital status (single-slobodný, married- ženatý/vydatá, divorced-rozvedený/á, widow-vdova, widower, single mother – slobodná matka, single parent family, bachelor [bečlr](starý mládenec), spinster (stará dievka), boy/girlfriend, fiancé (snúbenec) [fionsei] – man you plan to marry/fiancée – woman you plan to marry, engagement – zásnuby, engagement ring, to be engaged – byť zasnúbený, wedding – svadba, bridegroom –ženích, bride – nevesta, wedding ceremony, honey moon – svadobná cesta, marriage – manželstvo, orphan – sirota, husband, wife, parents, mother, father); nuclear family – people you live with (najbližšia rodina, mother, father, siblings), step (nevlastná)- mother, brother, sister, mother-in-law (svokra) ; extended family – all your relatives (príbuzní) – cousin, uncle, aunt, grandparents,

-          Important moments in your life (birth of your brother or sister, wedding anniversaries of your grandparents and parents, your birthday, family celebrations and holidays, moving from one place to another, the day when I went to school for the first time, the day when I learned that I had passed the talent exams and was accepted at the secondary school of arts, the day when I met my boyfriend/girlfriend, etc.)

-          Members of your family – appearance (výzor), character (vlastnosti, charakter), hobbies. O najbližšej rodine vedieť a aspoň nejakého bratranca, prípadne uja, tetu), describe your family tree (rodostrom)

-          Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?

-          Family relations –celebrations (oslavy, sviatky, narodeniny, Vianoce, Veľká Noc when all members of your family get together), your daily routine – weekday, weekend (čo robíš cez deň, čo cez víkendy – pozor, prítomný jednoduchý čas, dej sa opakuje) (I wake up/get up at 6.oo o’clock, make my bed, clean my teeth, wash my face, have a shower, get dressed, comb my hair, have breakfast, put on my coat, leave home  at 7.00, I go to school by bus, my mum takes me to school, it takes me about 30 minutes to get to school, my lessons start at... and usually finish at, I have/do not have lunch at school canteen, I come back home/get home at..., I have a rest, have something for my lunch, do my homework, help my mother, watch TV, draw, paint, prepare for school, revise for my exams, go out with my friends, read a book, listen to the music, have a bath, go to bed.

-          Generation gap (medzigeneračné rozdiely) – do your parents understand your problems, do they help you with them, do you talk to them about common things and about your relationships with your friends? Are they strict?

-          How do you help your parents – house chores (domáce práce) ( I do the washing up, I go shopping, I walk my dog, take out the rubbish, I do the hoovering, every day I make my bed, on Sundays I usually tidy up my room / clear up the mess in my room, I play with my younger sister, etc.) Ako sú rozdelené domáce práce, kto čo robí

-          Typical Slovak family, compare (porovnaj) your family life with family life in other countries (napr. In China  they have a single child policy; in less developed countries – all members of a family usually live together, in developed countries – when children grow up, they tend to move and live on their own.

-          Slovakia - typical Slovak family is a complete family (úplná rodina) with 2 children, often one of the parents is unemployed (nezamestnaný). They live in a family house in a village together with grandparents or they live in a town in a three-room flat or four-room flat in a housing estate (na sídlisku). Mother works in an office or in a shop and father is a driver or worker. They go on holiday once a year, usually to Croatia. But the number (počet) of incomplete (neúplných) families has increased (vzrástol), there are a lot of single parent families – usually mother and one child. There are a lot of divorces. People get divorced because they have problems with money, trust (dôvera), one of the partners has a love affair, they don’t understand each other, they have different interests, a husband is drug addict or alcoholic or gambler (hazardný hráč), they don’t love each other anymore. Families in towns do not live together, in villages it is common that 3 generations live together – grandparents, parents and their children, in Slovakia you can get married when you are 18, but in case there is a serious reason (e.g. pregnancy – tehotenstvo) you might get permission to get married starting with the age of 16. You can have a civil or church wedding ceremony.

-          Great Britain – children live with their parents until they finish their schools, but then they move and live on their own. A lot of families consist of one parent; there are lots of single-parent families. People often get divorced and get married again. Children often visit their parents at weekends, they go on holiday together and they spend Christmas together.

-          The USA - children live with their parents until they finish their studies, but then they move and live on their own. They often live far away (veľmi ďaleko) from their parents, sometimes in a different state. Families usually get together on special days and occasions. They meet on Thanksgiving Day and eat roast turkey and vegetables. They have fun, they talk together and have family celebration. Families also meet at Christmas.

-          Orphan – a child whose parents are dead, an orphan lives in an orphanage or a foster home, it is difficult to adopt children in our society, you have to fill in a lot of forms and they (the authorities) check your family, living conditions, income.

Otázky: 1. What does family mean to you?

2.        What are the functions of a family?

3.        What are the main roles of children and parents in a family?

4.        What is cohabitation?

5.        Why do people get divorced?

6.        When does your family usually get together?

7.        Describe your mother (appearance, character, hobbies)

8.        Who are you closest to in your family and why? (kto ti je najbližší v rodine a prečo)

9.        Make the pairs from the following words. Example: mother-father

Mother, brother, mother-in-law, aunt, niece, grandfather, daughter, sister-in-law, husband, father, sister, uncle, nephew, father-in-law, grandmother, wife, son, brother-in-law

10.     What do you think, what are the qualities of an ideal father and mother? Use the phrases and vocabulary below to help you.

I think that an ideal father/mother should/shouldn’t be ……. (friendly, democratic, liberal, strict, helpful, reliable, emphatic, responsible)

In my opinion ideal parents should/shouldn’t…. (listen to their children, talk to their children, make compromises, solve their children’s problems, buy their children what they want, spend weekends with their children, punish their children)

Describing people – their appearance (opis ľudí – ich zovňajšok) How do they look like? 11. Describe 2 members of your family:

Age: young; middle-aged (v strednom veku); older; elderly (postarší), he is in his ealy 30s (má asi do 35 rokov), she is in her mid 30s (má asi 35 orkov); they are in their late 30s (majú takmer 40 rokov); he is retired (je na dôchodku)

Figure – build (postava): slim (štíhly); skinny (vychudnutý), thin (tenký, chuddy), he is of medium build (je strednej postavy- ani chudý, ani tučný); he is well-built (je urastený); plump (bacuľatý); fat (tučný); overweight (obézny)

Height (výška): small, tall, short; he is of medium height (je strednej výšky)

Face (tvár): thin, chubby (bucľatý), round (okrúhla; oval (oválna) square (štvorcová); sun-tanned (opálená); pale (bledý), full lips (plné pery); thin lips; long/straight/turned up (vyvrátený) nos. Skin (pleť): dark (snedý, tmavý), fair (svetlý).

Hair: long/short/straight (rovné)/curly (kučeravé) / wavy (vlnité); fringe (ofina), ponytail (vrkoč), spiky (na ježka), he is bald (on je plešatý), highlighted (melírované); dyed (farbené), blond, dark, fair (plavý, svetlý), grey, red, white.

Clothes: he/she usually wears casual (neformálne), smart (elegantné), fashionable (módne), old-fashioned (staromódne), conservative, elegant, comfortable (pohodlné), scruffy (rozgajdané) clothes, he/she is always neat (upravený);

Other features (iné znaky/črty): He wears glasses (nosí okuliare). He is scarred (je zjazvený). She has freckles (má pehy), he has a beard (bradu), moustache (fúzy), wrinkles (vrásky), he is unshaven (je neooholený).

Homework

complete your notes about colour theory and learn the stuff together with the layout rules

in pairs design a brochure promoting a product of your choice, think of all the rules you have to follow, texture of the surface, age of the target audience and where it will be displayed. 

submit your work by October 15 in electronic form. Each of the pair MUST be ready to give a presentation and present the product to the class. Print the brochure so it has its paper form as well. Imagine you have been asked to make a brochure because of the launch of the product!!! (Predstavte si, že ste boli požiadaní, aby ste vytvorili propagačný materiál - brožúru, lebo sa produkt uvádza na trh - to znamená, že dovtedy tu nebol)

 

MAKING A GOOD LAYOUT

 

A Good Layout:

1. works (helps a reader quickly and easily understand a message)
2. is well-organized (shows what comes first, second, third, etc.)
3. is attractive (grabs a reader’s attention) to effectively communicate a message.

 

The Elements of Design

Knowing what the basic elements of design are and how to use them will help you make the right choices to create a good layout:

• LINE – any mark connecting any points
• SHAPE – anything that has height and width
• TEXTURE – the look or feel of a surface
• SPACE – the distance or area between or around things
• SIZE – how big or small something is
• VALUE – the darkness or lightness of an area
• COLOUR – the ultimate tool for symbolic communication

 

Basic Principles of Design and Layout

 

To Help Your Layout Function:

How it works:

 

1. Determine the piece’s main message and plan your layout around it (e.g. choose a photo that supports that image)
2. Size the piece to fit its use. (e. g. if it is a brochure, make it a size that can be easily held and filed)
3. Keep in mind where the piece will be seen. (e. g. a magazine’s title should be easily seen when it is in a rack)
4. Keep your target audience in mind when sizing photos and choosing type sizes. (e. g. make everything larger and easier to see the audience is older)
5. Choose a light coloured paper and a dark ink if the piece will have to be copied on a photocopier.
6. Make sure that logo is clear and readable at all the sizes it will be used.

How to organize:

1. Use different sizes of type. (e. g. headlines are bigger than subheads)
2. Put colours behind an important area of information.
3. Use rules to separate information into groups.
4. Change the weight of the type. (e. g. semi-bold stands out, but bold really stands out)
5. Leave white area around information.
6. Pick the best location. (e. g. the upper left corner is usually read first)
7. Put pictures next to important copy. (e. g. they attract the eye and reinforce the message)
8. Put type in a box or give it an interesting shape.
9. Call out items by putting bullets on front of them.
10. Use different coloured or reversed type to separate and emphasize.

How to attract:

1. Enlarge a photo of something small.
2. Surround a very small picture or bits of type with a lot of open space.
3. Choose bright colour when the piece will be viewed in a grey environment, such as a text-heavy magazine.
4. Use a solid black area or a large white area for a newspaper ad.
5. Crop an image in an unusual way. (e. g. show an eye, not a whole face)
6. Use very large type for a thought-provoking or humorous headline.
7. Make the piece a different size and shape from other similar pieces.
8. Choose a paper with an interesting, noticeable texture or colour.
9. Set important information in an atypical way, e.g. set a headline on a curve or try a script font or face.

 

Does it work? Is it organized? Is it attractive? If you can answer “yes” to each, you will know that you have made a good layout – no matter how you did.

MAKING A GOOD LAYOUT

A Good Layout:

• works (helps a reader quickly and easily understand a message)
• is well-organized (shows what comes first, second, third, etc.)
• is attractive (grabs a reader’s attention) to effectively communicate a message.

 

The Elements of Design

Knowing what the basic elements of design are and how to use them will help you make the right choices to create a good layout:

1. LINE – any mark connecting any points
2. SHAPE – anything that has height and width
3. TEXTURE – the look or feel of a surface
4. SPACE – the distance or area between or around things
5. SIZE – how big or small something is
6. VALUE – the darkness or lightness of an area
7. COLOUR – the ultimate (neprekonateľný, vrcholný) tool for symbolic communication

 

Basic Principles of Design and Layout

How to organize

1. Use different sizes of type. (e. g. headlines are bigger than subheads)
2. Put colours behind an important area of information.
3. Use rules to separate information into groups.
4. Change the weight of the type. (e. g. semi-bold stands out, but bold really stands out)
5. Leave white area around information.
6. Pick the best location. (e. g. the upper left corner is usually read first)
7. Put pictures next to important copy. (e. g. they attract the eye and reinforce(posilniť, support) the message)
8. Put type (písmo) in a box or give it an interesting shape.
9. Call out items by putting bullets on front of them.
10. Use different coloured or reversed type to separate and emphasize.

 

 

 

COLOUR MIXING

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hirYMZ7PQc

video we watched today dealing with rgb vs cmyk  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hirYMZ7PQc

 

Additive Colour Mixing RGB	Subtractive Colour Mixing CMYK
Red + Green = Yellow	Cyan + Magenta = Blue
Blue + Green = Cyan	Magenta + Yellow = Red
Red + Blue = Magenta	Cyan + Yellow = Green
Red + Green + Blue = White	Cyan + Magenta + Yellow = black (Key)

Used in: monitors, projectors, scanners                Used in: printers

 

 

COLOUR THEORY:

 

Whatever is used in the way of technical aids or colour classification systems must be aligned with

1. the colour perception of the eye of the human observer
2. and in the range of spectrum of electromagnetic waves visible to the human eye.

Both additive and substractive colour mixing processes occur in modern reproduction theory.

WATCH!!!!!!!

video explaining primary, secondary and tertiary and complimentary colours https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1CK9bE3H_s&t=2s

video about psychology of colours https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6ImJkv7F_Q

or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n9BzzWy4zY

In additive colour mixing light is emitted by the source of its own.

Homework September 10th

learn some basic facts about colour psychology, rank colours top-down according to your preferences. Pick 5 out the following 7 and find their characteristics on the internet and write them down into your exercise books.

Colours to pick from: red, blue, green, purple, orange, brown. yellow

Business, Sales and the World Wide Web Are In Colour

Colours are also means of communication. They are fascinating, evocative and more successful in terms of psychology.

/watch?v=L1CK9bE3H_s&t=2s

video about psychology of colours https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6ImJkv7F_Q

or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n9BzzWy4zY

In additive colour mixing light is emitted by the source of its own.

 

Colour psychology

 

By using color psychology, you can send:

• a positive or negative message
• encourage sales
•  calm a crowd

 

The latest colour psychology is focused  on marketing, particularly:

• in logo design
• web site design
• the cover of a book
• the package of a product.
•  

 

NOTE:

This information will help you decided what colors to use in your marketing projects.

Also remember for the World Wide Web, that different cultures have differing views on the meaning of color.

 

 

Black

Black is the color of authority and power, stability and strength. It is also the color associated with intelligence (doctorate in black robe). Black clothes make people appear thinner. In the western hemisphere black is associated with grieving.

 

White

For most of the world this is the colour associated with purity (wedding dresses); cleanliness (doctors in white coats) and the safety of bright light. 

White is also associated with creativity (white boards, blank slates). It is a compression of all the colors in the color spectrum.

 

Gray

Gray is most associated with the practical things in life. Some shades of gray are associated with old age, death, taxes, depression or a lost sense of direction but gray is often associated with giving a helping hand, strong character

Red

Red is the colour of energy. It's associated with movement and excitement. 

Red is the symbol of life and, for this reason, it's the colour worn by brides in China. Red is used at holidays that are about love and giving (red roses, Valentines hearts, Christmas, etc.) 

 

 

Blue

Seeing the colour blue actually causes the body to produce chemicals that are calming; but that isn't true of all shades of blue. Over the ages blue has become associated with wisdom and loyalty (note how many uniforms are blue). People tend to be more productive in a blue room. 

 

Green

The colour of growth, nature, and money. A calming colour also that's very pleasing to the senses. It is also the colour associated with envy, good luck, generosity and fertility. 

 

Yellow

Cheerful yellow is the colour of the sun, associated with laughter, happiness and good times. It has the power to speed up our metabolism and bring out some creative thoughts. Some shades of yellow are associated with cowardice; but the more golden shades with the promise of better times.

 

Orange

 

It's the colour associated with funny times, happy and energetic days, warmth and organic products. It is also associated with ambition. 

 

Purple

 

most royal colour that is associated with wealth, prosperity, rich sophistication. This colour stimulates the brain activity used in problem solving.

 

Brown

This colour is most associated with reliability, stability, and friendship and  with things being natural or organic. In India it is the colour of mourning.