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maturita témy
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MATURITA
FINAL EXAM TOPICS
11.THE_HUMAN_RACE_AND_NATURE.docx
12.Science_and_technology.docx
16.The_young_and_their_world.docx
22.the_book_-_a_person_s_friend.docx
24.English_speaking_countries1.docx
24.The_United_States_of_America.docx
25.Slovak_stereotypes__Bratislava.docx
LONDON below
Katalóg požiadaviek na MS z ANJ platný od 2013/1014
MATURITA B1
http://www.statpedu.sk/files/documents/cp-2013-2014/cp_anglicky_jazyk_b1_2013_2014.pdf
MATURITA B2
http://www.statpedu.sk/files/documents/cp-2013-2014/cp_anglicky_jazyk_b2_2013_2014.pdf
Certifikáty z CJ neplatia
Náhrady maturitnej skúšky zahraničným certifikátom sú zrušené od marca 2014.
Your school-leaving examination:
- At the desk, there is a panel of three English teachers and you.
- talk about the three tasks:
- TASK 1 - visual input/pictures (5 minutes),
- TASK 2 - the major topic (10 minutes),
- TASK 3 - simulation or role -play (5 minutes)
EXAMPLES:
Student's Worksheet B1
Task 1 Health Care
-
Look at the pictures and describe them.
-
What is a healthy lifestyle?
-
What do people do when they are ill? Describe visiting a doctor.
-
How do you care about your health?
Task 2 Culture and Arts
-
What types of arts do you know? Which is your favourite one and why?
-
Choose one playwright/painter/musician/writer/actor/film maker and tell us more about his/her life and work.
-
Describe a visit to the theatre and compare it to visiting the cinema.
-
Talk about the music you like listening to.
Task 3 Simulation/Role-play – Towns and Places
-
After your graduation you have decided to have a gap year. Talk about countries/places you would like to visit and explain why.
Student's Worksheet B2
Task 1 Housing
Compare and contrast the photographs and say what you think it would be like to live in there. Which building would you choose to live in. Why? Describe the place you live in.
Task 2 Shopping and Services
What kinds of specialised shops do you know? What do they offer?
Name some methods of advertising. What is the main aim of advertising agencies? Do advertisements influence you? What do you like/dislike about advertising.
What can you get at a department store? What are the pros and cons of spending free time at the mall?
What could be done to improve the relationship between shop assistants and customers?
Which services do POST, BANK and POLICE provide?
Task 3 Simulation: Health Care
Have you ever considered donating organs after your death?
Is there a reason why you would not do it?
What do you think of organ donation as a way to save another person‘s life?
Do you think medical science will one day conquer all diseases?
ANJKAJ
NOTE: You will find some information on the topic Printing and Bookbinding below.
AEYERS ROCK - an Aboriginal holy place ULURU,
- situated in the desert in the Northern Territory, Australia,
- 335 m high, 9 km round,
- named after Sir Henry AYERS, a South Australia premier
- dramatically changes its colour at sunset.
Phrases for Persuasion
Here are a few to remember:
-
I am certain. . .
-
I’m sure that you can see that . . .
-
What needs to be done/what we need to do. . .
-
I ask you to think about . . .
-
I am talking in order to . . .
-
Nevertheless . . .
-
On the other hand . . .
-
It has come to my attention that . . .
-
If you move forward with . . .
-
Obviously. . .
-
Surely . . .
-
Regardless . . .
-
If [ ] were to happen, then . . .
-
This can be fixed by . . .
-
Useful expressions for an itinerary
Slovakia/ UK/USA/
-
You should take a walk to ...
-
Then come down...
-
You can choose from the wide offer of ... (galleries, museums...)
-
Enjoy (Bratislava’s Summer of Culture)
-
You can find here a few...
-
Don’t omit to visit ...
-
You can reach ... right from ...
-
Use the cabin car from ... to ...
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In addition to a wonderful view and ... you can find here ...
-
For those not wanting to (climb down) there is ...
-
Alternatively you can ... (stay in ... and play golf or go for a swim...)
-
The best choice is to ...
-
It’s a perfect place to do sth or to have a closer look at sth
-
If you are interested you can ask for a short excursion in ...
-
There will be more opportunities for doing sth
-
You can end up in ... (some place)
-
You will see how (people lived...)
-
... is to be seen here (as well)
-
Try time travelling and visit ...
-
Take a tour around...
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... is the most famous part of the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites
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... which reminds you of...
-
...contrast(s) with..
BOOKBINDING
Bookbinding is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded or unfolded sheets of paper or other material. It usually involves attaching a book cover to the resulting text-block. There are hardback books and paperback
books.
PARTS OF A CASE BOUND BOOK
GLOSSARY
back lining/headcap
chrbátnik
sheet paper/flat paper
čistý hárok
bookmaking finishing process
dokončovacie spracovanie, knihárske
over-and-over fold
dva lomy do kríža
foil proof/covering/coating
fóliový poťah
French fold
francúzsky lom,
concertina/ zigzag /accordion /fan /back and forth fold
harmonikový/ cik-cak lom
plastic comb binding
hrebeňová väzba
thickness of book back/spine
hrúbka knižného chrbta
thick sheet paper
hrubý formát
letter folding
jeden jednoduchý lom
simple fold
jednoduchý lom
head-band/bead
kapitálik
book joint/grove
knižná drážka
flag book mark
knižná záložka
signature
knižná zložka
book covers/cover boards
knižné dosky z kartónu
book hard plastic covers
knižné dosky z tuhých plastov
book cords/raised bands
knižné väzy
body of book
knižný blok
book sheet
knižný hárok
book cover gluing
knižný polep
feather proof/covering/coating
kožený poťah
wire-o binding/concealed double-loop/double-loop wire
krúžková väzba
laminating
laminovanie
laminated book proof/covering/coating
laminovaný poťah
verso
ľavá stránka, párna stránka, chrbtová strana
adhesive binding/perfect binding
lepená väzba
gluing
lepenie
glued book back
lepenie knižného chrbta
leporelo
leporelo
soft binding
mäkka väzba
untrimmed size
neorezaný formát
window fold
okienkový lom
edging of the body/trimming
orezanie knižného bloku
edge
oriezka/orezanie
paper proof/covering/coating
papierový poťah
paralel fold
paralelný lom
perforation
perforovanie
cloth book back
platený knižný chrbát
cloth proof/covering/coating
platený obťah
number of folds
počet lomov
half-hard binding
polotvrdá väzba
fold sequence
poradie/postupnosť lomov
printed endpaper
potlačená predsádka
fold position on the sheet
pozícia lomov na hárku
recto
pravá stránka, lícna strana, nepárna stránka
right-angle fold
pravouhlý lom
book jacket
prebal
front book board/cover
predná knižná doska
fore edge
predná oriezka/predný okraj knihy
endpaper
predsádka
industrial bookbinding
priemyslové väzby
cutting
rezanie
signature
signatúra
stitched soft binding
šitá mäkka väzba
stitching/sewing
šitie
saddle stitching/sewing by wire staples
šitie drôtenými skobkami na striešku, brožovanie
chopper blade
skladací nôž na priečný lom
folding machine
skladací stroj
folding cylinder
skladací valec/cylinder
gatefold
skladačka, lomy skladané do seba
folding
skladanie
spiral/coil/plastic binding
špirálová väzba
tail edge
spodná oriezka/spodný okraj knihy
snap-out
súbor listov lepených v lište
symmetrical/asymmetrical fold positions
symetrická/nesymetrická pozície lomov
hard cover binding/ cased binding
tvrdá väzba
adhesive hard binding
tvrdá väzba lepená
thread-stitched binding
tvrdá väzba šitá niťou
flyleaf
vakát
top edge
vrchná oriezka
crop/cropping
výsek, bigovanie
back book board/cover
zadná knižná doska
rounded back
zaoblený knižný chrbát
gathering-and-stitching machine
znášacia zošívačka
gathering
znášanie - skladanie potlačených listov do knižného
PARTS OF A BOOK
What is a book's FRONT MATTER? Front matter is the information that appears up front and first in a book. The front matter contains the nuts and bolts of the book’s publication—information like title, author, publisher, ISBN and Library Congress data. The front matter pages generally aren’t visibly numbered; when they are, the numbers appear as Roman numerals.
Here are the typical parts of a book's front matter:
Half title, sometimes called bastard title — is just the title of the book (you can think of it as a kind of half the title page) Frontispice — is the piece of artwork on the left (“verso”) side of the page opposite the title page on the right (“recto”) side. Title page – this is a page which contains the title of the book, the author (or authors) and the publisher. Copyright page — includes:
the declaration of copyright (that is, who owns the copyright, generally the authors)
other types of credits, such as illustrators, editorial staff, indexer, etc., and sometimes notes from the publishers
copyright acknowledgments — for books that contain reprinted material that requires permissions, such as excerpts, song lyrics
edition number — this number represents the number of the edition and of the printing. Some books will specifically note “First Edition”; others don’t declare that they are first editions, and instead is represent their printings with a number. In those cases, a first edition would look like:
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
A second edition would be noted as: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data – which includes information such as title, authors, ISBN, Library of Congress number, subject matter, year of publication.
Dedication — where the author honors an individual or individuals by declaring that the labor of the book is “To” [name or names] Acknowledgements — the author’s thanks to those who contributed time and resources towards the effort of writing the book. Table of Contents — outlines what is in each chapter of the book. Foreword — is a “set up” for the book, typically written by someone other than the author. Preface or Introduction — is a “set up” for the book’s contents, generally by the author.
ISBN
ISBN – International Standard Book Number precisely identifies a book, there should be no two books with the same number. The following publishing of the same book has a new number ISBN.
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin, for the booksellers and stationers.
The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108.
Since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with "Bookland" European Article Number EAN-13s.
An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a book. For example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007.
An International Standard Book Number consists of 4 parts (if it is a 10 digit ISBN) or 5 parts (for a 13 digit ISBN):
The parts of a 10-digit ISBN and the corresponding EAN-13 and barcode.
Note the different check digits in each. The part of the EAN-13 labeled "EAN" is the Bookland country code.
For a 13-digit ISBN, a prefix element - a GS1 prefix: so far 978 or 979 have been made available by GS1,
the registration group element, (language-sharing country group, individual country or territory)
the registrant element,
the publication element,and
a checksum character or check digit.
The 13-digit ISBN separates its parts (prefix element, registration group, registrant, publication and check digit) with either a hyphen or a space. Other than the prefix and the check digit, no part of the ISBN has a fixed number of digits.
The 10-digit ISBN also separated its parts (registration group, registrant, publication and check digit) with either a hyphen or a space.
ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency. In Slovakia it is the National Agency ISBN in Martin.
What is a book's BODY MATTER?
Body matter is the core contents of the book— often divided into segments:
Parts
Sections
Chapters
The body matter is numbered with Arabic numerals beginning with the number “1” on the first page of the first chapter.
Art program — anything that isn’t text (photographs, illustrations, tables, graphs, etc.) is considered to be part of the book’s art program. The art program might be integrated into each page or appear all together within a separate “signature” somewhere in the book.
In non-fiction literature there there could be:
marginálie – marginalia
poznámky pod čiarou – footnotes
záhlavie- header, heading
What is a book's END MATTER? End matter is the materials at the back of the book, generally optional.
Glossary — Bibliography – most often seen in non-fiction like biography or in academic books,
a bibliography lists the reference sources used in researching the book. Index – the index is placed at the end of the book, and lists all the major references in the book (such as major topics, mentions of key people in the book, etc.) and their specific, corresponding page numbers. Publishing imprint: publishing and printing data: author(s), title, publisher, edition, printing house where a book was printed, circulation, number of publisher’s sheets, number of author’s sheets, production number
Errata (sg. erratum) – publishers issue an erratum for a production error
Printing
Printing was another Chinese invention in the ninth century AD. The first known book not written by hand was printed in what is now China, from engraved wooden blocks.
Because Chinese writing was in the form of a very large number of pictographs, moveable type was of little advantage. However such cast type did appear in Korea before developing quite independently in Europe.
Johannes Gutenberg's printing
A major advance in the West was Johannes Gutenberg's printing from cast metal type (c.1450 AD), still hand composed on a mostly wooden press.
The next great change was slow to arrive, being the metal printing press developed by Lord Charles Stanhope in 1803. This still relied on human power to operate, however.
A steam-powered press invented by the German Friedrich Koenig followed in 1810.
An American, Richard Hoe, invented the faster rotary press in 1846.
Printing raced further ahead when the mechanical composition of type was perfected in 1886 with the Linotype compositor.
Lithography was long used to print pictures for books.
From this method came the idea for offset printing, and the first offset press appeared in 1904.
In offset printing the method of "relief" printing from cast metal type, traditional since Gutenberg, is replaced by a smooth photographic plate. By 1980 offset printing was taking over from the older method in many countries.
That was only the beginning of the modern printing revolution. From 1968 computers became involved in printing (the Linotron). In 1983 the offset plate progressed to a format involving the laser-beam transference of stored digital information. Gradually, printing world-wide became a digital and computerized process, and mechanical printing began to disappear.
The Digital Revolution
It was only a matter of time that books could exist in a purely electronic form.
Digital books could be updated, be searchable electronically, include sounds & video and even a dictionary, and interact directly with the new Internet, and therefore contain instant links to further information.
E-Book
The electronic book or e-book (also spelt ebook and eBook) began in the last years of the twentieth century, existing as virtually stored in a digital file.
The book is one of humanity's most enduring cultural artifacts and treasures. The ability to read and write is our greatest tool in education, the most important medium for the transmission of ideas and the human culture.
Why should we continue to value, preserve, read and write books?
books record our past and progress
contain our experiments, knowledge, and accumulated wisdom
proclaim our fears and ideas
champion our ideals, dreams, and hopes for the future
carry the heart and soul of our civilization forward, and keep it accessible. Long live the book.
CONVENTIONAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGY
All printing process are concerned with two kinds of areas on the final output:
Image of printing areas
Non-image or non-printing areas
THE FOUR MAIN CONVENTIONAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES (IN PRINCIPLE):
1. Planographics, in which the printing and non-printing areas are on the same plane surface and the difference between them is maintained chemically or by physical properties, the examples are: offset lithography, collotype, and screenless printing.
2. Relief, in which the printing areas are on a plane surface and the non printing areas are below the surface, examples: flexography and letterpress.
Currently, most books and newspapers are printed using the technique of offset lithography.
3. Intaglio, in which the non-printing areas are on a plane surface and the printing area are etched or engraved below the surface, examples: steel die engraving, gravure.
4. Porous, in which the printing areas are on fine mesh screens through which ink can penetrate, and the non-printing areas are a stencil over the screen to block the flow of ink in those areas, examples: screen printing.
OFFSET PRESS
Offset printing
is a widely used printing technique where
- the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket,
- then to the printing surface.
When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water,
- the offset technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier on which the image to be printed obtains
ink from ink rollers,
- while the non-printing area attracts a film of water, keeping the non-printing areas ink-free.
OTHER PRINTING TECHNIQUES:
flexography used for packaging, labels, newspapers
hot wax dye transfer
inkjet used typically to print a small number of books or packaging and also, to print a variety of materials from high quality papers simulating offset printing, to floor tiles; Inkjet is also used to apply mailing addresses to direct mail pieces
laser printing (Toner Printing) mainly used in offices and for transactional printing (bills, bank documents). Laser printing is commonly used by direct mail companies to create variable data letters or coupons.
pad printing popular for its unusual ability to print on complex three-dimensional surfaces
relief print mainly used for catalogues
rotogravure mainly used for magazines and packaging
screen-printing from T-shirts to floor tiles
Intaglio used mainly for high value documents such as currencies
Thermal printing popular in the 1990s for Fax printing, used today for airline baggage tags
GLOSSARY
antimony
antimón
baked clay tablet
vypálená hlinená tabuľka
bark
kôra
blue printing
reprografia
blurred print
rozmazaná tlač
book in print
kniha v tlači
book printing
kníhtlač
collotype
svetlotlač
copper
meď
flax
ľan
flexography
flexografia
gravure printing
hĺbkotlač
gravure rotary press
hĺbkotlačová rotačka
hemp
konope
image carrier
nosič
impression
odlačok
intaglio
intaglio z hĺbky
lead
olovo
letterpress
tlač z výšky
maintain
udržiavať
offset lithography
ofsetová hĺbkotlač
papyrus roll
papyrusový zvitok
property
vlastnosť
screenless printing
sieťotlač
stensil printing
filmová tlač, tlač postrekom
Thermal printing
tepelná tlač
tin
cín
wax coating
voskový povrch
offset web-fed/printing machine
kotúčový ofsetový stroj
uncoiling device
odvíjacie zariadenie
alternative printing unit
alternatívna tlačová jednotka
printing unit-black
tlačový agregát - čierna
printing unit-cyan
tlačový agregát-azúrová
printing unit- magenta
tlačový agregát-purpurová
printing unit- yellow
tlačový agregát-žltá
drying machine
sušiaci agregát
chill roll stand
chladiace valce
re-moistening unit
zariadenie na opätovné zvlhčenie
perforating unit
perforačná jednotka
folder unit
skladacia jednotka
product stream delivery
šupinovitý transport výtlačkov
right-angle fold
pravouhlý lom