896103

IV. GMT ANJ

pastirikova.gma@gmail.com

Dictionary with the British and American pronunciation

UČEBNICA https://elt.oup.com/student/englishfile/preint3/grammar/?cc=sk&selLanguage=sk

SLOVNÍK K UČEBNICI

Please, feel free to consult it if you are not familiar with any words or phrases in your textbook, just click on the link:

SLOVNÍK NÁJDETE

EF_3e_Int_Slovak_WL-1(1).pdf

HOMEWORK

MONDAY 22nd October

anj: REVISE passive in Grammar bank page 142 and WB page 37/ 2 GRAMMAR ex. a, 38/ ex. b

SB 56/ 5 SPEAKING/ answer the question in 3.

Talk about Dagmara and St. Spielberg - Listening 3.36, 3.37

Revision: Housing

Slovakia + 3places of interest - presentation

YES!book, talk about 24th topic Books,Literature, and 17th Towns and Places

DEADLINE Monday 8th October

Use these expressions and phrases in your essay:

BOOK: title, author, genre, topic, centred on the theme of, setting, story, plot, characters, content, conflict, idea

The author deals with/aims to show/depicts/ portrays/ pictures sth./ evokes the atmosphere of/describes/concentrates on /focuses on

The story is set in the time of.../ proceeds as follows (príbeh pokračuje takto...), the story is narrated by the main character/by one of the characters/by the author/is narrated in the first person, singular

a low-moving/lenghty , the story has happy/sad/tragic/open/unexpected ending

The plot: simple/complicated plot, no plot/it lacks the plot

How do you fancy...?

readable, it reads well, I was impressed

the work is fascinating/amusing/unusual/exciting/thrilling/mysterious/inspiring/depressing/moving-dojímavé/ funny/witty-vtipné

A Book I have recently read or A book I was deeply impressed by

Writing - please, submit by Monday 8th October

Please, divide your essays/descriptions into paragraphs - introduction, body, conclusion, 1 paragraph - 1 point (bullet)
Write a description of a book by an English speaking author you like very much (220–250 words).
Include:

the title and the writer; when the book was published for the first time
some basic facts about the writer - life, family background,genre he/she writes, books published etc
the reasons for your choice;
a short description of the plot;
the characters you admire in the book and why;
why you would recommend it to your best friend.

Film Review

It is a short description of a film, where the writer:

Provides details of the movie analysed
Gives his/her opinion or recommendation of the film

The language used may be formal or semi-formal (formálny štýl s neformálnymi prvkami) depending on the addressees and kind of newspaper or magazine where it will be published.
Present tenses and a variety of adjectives are frequently used.

Structure of a film review

A/ Introduction

Summarises all the background information of the film
It may include references to the title, director, type of film, setting (place and time), if it is baased on a book, etc.

B/Body

2^nd par.: It offers a summary of the plot (dej) focusing on the main aspects.
3^rd par.: It includes general comments on the plot, the development of the main characters, the acting, the direction, etc.
Note: the end should not be revealed to the reader

C/Conclusion

4^th par.: The writer provides a general assessment (všeobecné posúdenie) of the film, and his/her opinion about it.
The writer recommends or does not recommend the movie. He/she should give reasons to support his/her opinion about the film

Useful language

1^st par.: This film is set in ..., the movie tells the story of ..., this excellent film is based on ...
2^nd par.: The storyline/plot focuses on ..., the film reaches its climax (vyvrcholenie deja)..., the story begins ...
3^rd par.: The acting (herecký výkon)/development of the main/leading character (vývoj hlavnej postavy) is fascinating/excellent..., The script (scenár) is bright (jasný, živý, zrozumiteľný)/dull (fádny, nudný)..., The end is surprising/predictable ...
4^th par.: It is worth seeing ..., I would/woul not recommend it because ..., Do not miss it ...

Types of films / Genres

Science fiction (sci-fi)
Comedy / sit-coms (situation comedies)
Romance / love story
Horror film
Thriller
Spy film
Musical
Detective story
Mystery film
Adventure / action film
Biography
Western
Animated films / cartoons
Historical
War films

Useful expressions

Soundtrack – hudba k filmu, zvuk
Script - scenár
Plot / storyline - dej
stuntman – kaskadér
special effects – zvláštne efekty
box-office hit – “kasový trhák”
rehearsal – skúška, nácvik
masterpiece – dielo
star (verb/noun) – účinkovať v hlavnej úlohe, hviezda
hero / heroine – hrdina / hrdinka
opening – otvorenie, začiatok
end / ending – záver
episode / sequence – časť, epizóda
premiere
climax – vyvrcholenie deja
cast of characters – herecké obsadenie
leading / supporting character

Useful adjectives (prídavné mená)

Positive Negative

interesting, good, exciting, boring, sad, bad, poor,

funny, fantastic, amusing, dull, terrible, dreadful (hrozný),

fascinating, moving, excellent, thrilling, predictable (predvídateľný),

entertaining, realistic, unimaginative (bez fantázie), scary,

well-developed (dobre rozvinutý) weak (slabý), frightening (desivý),

convincing (presvedčivý), unbelievable (neuveriteľný)

gripping (pútavý)

Pls learn a new topic The book - the friend of people (No. 24 in YES books).

BOOKBINDING

Bookbinding is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded or unfolded sheets of paper or other material. It usually involves attaching a book cover to the resulting text-block. There are hardback books and paperback

books.

PARTS OF A CASE BOUND BOOK

GLOSSARY

back lining/headcap	chrbátnik
sheet paper/flat paper	čistý hárok
bookmaking finishing process	dokončovacie spracovanie, knihárske
over-and-over fold	dva lomy do kríža
foil proof/covering/coating	fóliový poťah
French fold	francúzsky lom,
concertina/ zigzag /accordion /fan /back and forth fold	harmonikový/ cik-cak lom
plastic comb binding	hrebeňová väzba
thickness of book back/spine	hrúbka knižného chrbta
thick sheet paper	hrubý formát
letter folding	jeden jednoduchý lom
simple fold	jednoduchý lom
head-band/bead	kapitálik
book joint/grove	knižná drážka
flag book mark	knižná záložka
signature	knižná zložka
book covers/cover boards	knižné dosky z kartónu
book hard plastic covers	knižné dosky z tuhých plastov
book cords/raised bands	knižné väzy
body of book	knižný blok
book sheet	knižný hárok
book cover gluing	knižný polep
feather proof/covering/coating	kožený poťah
wire-o binding/concealed double-loop/double-loop wire	krúžková väzba
laminating	laminovanie
laminated book proof/covering/coating	laminovaný poťah
verso	ľavá stránka, párna stránka, chrbtová strana
adhesive binding/perfect binding	lepená väzba
gluing	lepenie
glued book back	lepenie knižného chrbta
leporelo	leporelo
soft binding	mäkka väzba
untrimmed size	neorezaný formát
window fold	okienkový lom
edging of the body/trimming	orezanie knižného bloku
edge	oriezka/orezanie
paper proof/covering/coating	papierový poťah
paralel fold	paralelný lom
perforation	perforovanie
cloth book back	platený knižný chrbát
cloth proof/covering/coating	platený obťah
number of folds	počet lomov
half-hard binding	polotvrdá väzba
fold sequence	poradie/postupnosť lomov
printed endpaper	potlačená predsádka
fold position on the sheet	pozícia lomov na hárku
recto	pravá stránka, lícna strana, nepárna stránka
right-angle fold	pravouhlý lom
book jacket	prebal
front book board/cover	predná knižná doska
fore edge	predná oriezka/predný okraj knihy
endpaper	predsádka
industrial bookbinding	priemyslové väzby
cutting	rezanie
signature	signatúra
stitched soft binding	šitá mäkka väzba
stitching/sewing	šitie
saddle stitching/sewing by wire staples	šitie drôtenými skobkami na striešku, brožovanie
chopper blade	skladací nôž na priečný lom
folding machine	skladací stroj
folding cylinder	skladací valec/cylinder
gatefold	skladačka, lomy skladané do seba
folding	skladanie
spiral/coil/plastic binding	špirálová väzba
tail edge	spodná oriezka/spodný okraj knihy
snap-out	súbor listov lepených v lište
symmetrical/asymmetrical fold positions	symetrická/nesymetrická pozície lomov
hard cover binding/ cased binding	tvrdá väzba
adhesive hard binding	tvrdá väzba lepená
thread-stitched binding	tvrdá väzba šitá niťou
flyleaf	vakát
top edge	vrchná oriezka
crop/cropping	výsek, bigovanie
back book board/cover	zadná knižná doska
rounded back	zaoblený knižný chrbát
gathering-and-stitching machine	znášacia zošívačka
gathering	znášanie - skladanie potlačených listov do knižného

PARTS OF A BOOK

What is a book's FRONT MATTER? Front matter is the information that appears up front and first in a book. The front matter contains the nuts and bolts of the book’s publication—information like title, author, publisher, ISBN and Library Congress data. The front matter pages generally aren’t visibly numbered; when they are, the numbers appear as Roman numerals.

Here are the typical parts of a book's front matter:

Half title, sometimes called bastard title — is just the title of the book (you can think of it as a kind of half the title page) Frontispice — is the piece of artwork on the left (“verso”) side of the page opposite the title page on the right (“recto”) side. Title page – this is a page which contains the title of the book, the author (or authors) and the publisher. Copyright page — includes:

the declaration of copyright (that is, who owns the copyright, generally the authors)

other types of credits, such as illustrators, editorial staff, indexer, etc., and sometimes notes from the publishers

copyright acknowledgments — for books that contain reprinted material that requires permissions, such as excerpts, song lyrics

edition number — this number represents the number of the edition and of the printing. Some books will specifically note “First Edition”; others don’t declare that they are first editions, and instead is represent their printings with a number. In those cases, a first edition would look like:

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

A second edition would be noted as: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data – which includes information such as title, authors, ISBN, Library of Congress number, subject matter, year of publication.

Dedication — where the author honors an individual or individuals by declaring that the labor of the book is “To” [name or names] Acknowledgements — the author’s thanks to those who contributed time and resources towards the effort of writing the book. Table of Contents — outlines what is in each chapter of the book. Foreword — is a “set up” for the book, typically written by someone other than the author. Preface or Introduction — is a “set up” for the book’s contents, generally by the author.

ISBN

ISBN – International Standard Book Number precisely identifies a book, there should be no two books with the same number. The following publishing of the same book has a new number ISBN.

The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin, for the booksellers and stationers.

The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108.

Since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with "Bookland" European Article Number EAN-13s.

An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a book. For example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007.

An International Standard Book Number consists of 4 parts (if it is a 10 digit ISBN) or 5 parts (for a 13 digit ISBN):

The parts of a 10-digit ISBN and the corresponding EAN-13 and barcode.

Note the different check digits in each. The part of the EAN-13 labeled "EAN" is the Bookland country code.

For a 13-digit ISBN, a prefix element - a GS1 prefix: so far 978 or 979 have been made available by GS1,

the registration group element, (language-sharing country group, individual country or territory)

the registrant element,

the publication element,and

a checksum character or check digit.

The 13-digit ISBN separates its parts (prefix element, registration group, registrant, publication and check digit) with either a hyphen or a space. Other than the prefix and the check digit, no part of the ISBN has a fixed number of digits.

The 10-digit ISBN also separated its parts (registration group, registrant, publication and check digit) with either a hyphen or a space.

ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency. In Slovakia it is the National Agency ISBN in Martin.

What is a book's BODY MATTER?

Body matter is the core contents of the book— often divided into segments:

Parts

Sections

Chapters

The body matter is numbered with Arabic numerals beginning with the number “1” on the first page of the first chapter.

Art program — anything that isn’t text (photographs, illustrations, tables, graphs, etc.) is considered to be part of the book’s art program. The art program might be integrated into each page or appear all together within a separate “signature” somewhere in the book.

In non-fiction literature there there could be:

marginálie – marginalia

poznámky pod čiarou – footnotes

záhlavie- header, heading

What is a book's END MATTER? End matter is the materials at the back of the book, generally optional.

Glossary — Bibliography – most often seen in non-fiction like biography or in academic books,

a bibliography lists the reference sources used in researching the book. Index – the index is placed at the end of the book, and lists all the major references in the book (such as major topics, mentions of key people in the book, etc.) and their specific, corresponding page numbers. Publishing imprint: publishing and printing data: author(s), title, publisher, edition, printing house where a book was printed, circulation, number of publisher’s sheets, number of author’s sheets, production number

Errata (sg. erratum) – publishers issue an erratum for a production error

Printing

Printing was another Chinese invention in the ninth century AD. The first known book not written by hand was printed in what is now China, from engraved wooden blocks.

Because Chinese writing was in the form of a very large number of pictographs, moveable type was of little advantage. However such cast type did appear in Korea before developing quite independently in Europe.

Johannes Gutenberg's printing

A major advance in the West was Johannes Gutenberg's printing from cast metal type (c.1450 AD), still hand composed on a mostly wooden press.

The next great change was slow to arrive, being the metal printing press developed by Lord Charles Stanhope in 1803. This still relied on human power to operate, however.

A steam-powered press invented by the German Friedrich Koenig followed in 1810.

An American, Richard Hoe, invented the faster rotary press in 1846.

Printing raced further ahead when the mechanical composition of type was perfected in 1886 with the Linotype compositor.

Lithography was long used to print pictures for books.

From this method came the idea for offset printing, and the first offset press appeared in 1904.

In offset printing the method of "relief" printing from cast metal type, traditional since Gutenberg, is replaced by a smooth photographic plate. By 1980 offset printing was taking over from the older method in many countries.

That was only the beginning of the modern printing revolution. From 1968 computers became involved in printing (the Linotron). In 1983 the offset plate progressed to a format involving the laser-beam transference of stored digital information. Gradually, printing world-wide became a digital and computerized process, and mechanical printing began to disappear.

The Digital Revolution

It was only a matter of time that books could exist in a purely electronic form.

Digital books could be updated, be searchable electronically, include sounds & video and even a dictionary, and interact directly with the new Internet, and therefore contain instant links to further information.

E-Book

The electronic book or e-book (also spelt ebook and eBook) began in the last years of the twentieth century, existing as virtually stored in a digital file.

The book is one of humanity's most enduring cultural artifacts and treasures. The ability to read and write is our greatest tool in education, the most important medium for the transmission of ideas and the human culture.

Why should we continue to value, preserve, read and write books?

books record our past and progress

contain our experiments, knowledge, and accumulated wisdom

proclaim our fears and ideas

champion our ideals, dreams, and hopes for the future

carry the heart and soul of our civilization forward, and keep it accessible. Long live the book.

Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468)

Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press - the most important invention in modern times.

Without books and computers we wouldn't be able to learn, to pass on information, or to share scientific discoveries. Prior to(before) Gutenberg invented the printing press, making a book was a hard process. It wasn't that hard to write a letter to one person by hand, but to create thousands of books for many people to read was nearly impossible. Without the printing press we wouldn't have had the Scientific Revolution or the Rennaisance. Our world would be very different.

He was born in Mainz, Germany around the year 1398. He was the son of a goldsmith. We do not know much about his childhood. He moved a few times around Germany, but that's all we know for sure.

Inventions

Gutenberg took some existing technologies and some of his own inventions to invent the printing press in the year 1450. One key idea he came up with was moveable type. Rather than use wooden blocks to press ink onto paper, Gutenberg used moveable metal pieces to quickly create pages. He made innovations all the way through the printing process enabling pages to be printed faster. His presses could print thousands of pages per day vs. 40-50 with the old method. This was a dramatic improvement an allowed books to be acquired by the middle class and spread knowledge and education like never before. The invention of the printing press spread rapidly throughout Europe and soon thousands of books were being printed using printing presses.

Among his many contributions to printing are:

The invention of a process for mass-producing movable type;
The use of oil-based ink for printing books (farba na olejovom základe)
Adjustable moulds (nastaviteľné formy)
Mechanical movable type (mechanická pohyblivá sadzba)
The use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses (skrutkový lis) of the period

Combination of these elements into a practical system allowed the mass production of printed books.

Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy (sadzba zhotovená zo zliatiny kovov) and a hand mould (ručná forma) for casting type (odlievanie sadzby). The alloy (zliatina) was a mixture of lead (olova), tin (cínu), and antimony (antimónu) that melted (tavila sa) at a relatively low temperature for faster and more economical casting (odlievanie), cast well (dobre sa odlieval), and created a durable type (a vytvoril trvácnu sadzbu).

First printed books

It is thought that the first printed item using the press was a German poem. Other prints included Latin Grammars and indulgences for the Catholic Church. His real fame came from producing the Gutenberg Bible. It was the first time a Bible was mass-produced and available for anyone outside the church. Bibles were rare and could take up to a year for a priest to transcribe. Gutenberg printed around 200 of these in a relatively short time.

The original Bible was sold for 30 florins. This was a lot of money back then for a commoner, but much, much cheaper than a hand-written version.

There are about 21 complete copies of Gutenberg Bible existing today. One copy is worth about 30 million dollars.

Vocabulary:

Printing press – tlačiarenský stroj invention – vynález

Pass on information – postúpiť, poslať ďalej informáciu

Share scientific discoveries – zdieľať, podeliť sa o vedecké objavy

Prior to – pred, skôr ako invent – vynájsť

Nearly – takmer Scientific Revolution – vedecko-technická revolúcia

Goldsmith – zlatník move – sťahovať sa

For sure – naisto, s istotou key idea –kľúčová/hlavná myšlienka (nápad)

come up with – prísť s čím, vymyslieť moveable type – pohyblivá sadzba

rather than – radšej ako, skôr ako wooden blocks – drevené bloky/kvádre

ink – farba, atrament metal pieces – kovové kusy

all the way through – úplne, v celom enable – umožniť

improvement – zlepšenie allow – dovoliť, povoliť

acquire – získať, dosiahnuť spread – šíriť

knowledge – vedomosti, znalosti education – vzdelanie

mass-produce – masovo vyrábať oil-based ink – farba/atrament na olejovom základe

adjustable – nastaviteľný mould – forma

wooden – drevený similar to – podobný ako

agricultural – poľnohospodársky screw press – skrutkový lis

mass production – masová výroba considered – považovaný

consider – považovať include – zahŕňať

type metal alloy – sadzba zhotovené zo zliatiny kovov alloy – zliatina

hand mould – ručná forma casting type – odlievanie sadzby

type – sadzba mixture – zmes

lead – olovo tin – cín

antimony – antimón melt – taviť sa

low temperature – nízka teplota durable – odolný, trvácny

item – položka, kus German – nemecký

poem – báseň indulgences – odpustky

Catholic Church – katolícka cirkev real – skutočný

Fame – sláva available – dostupný

Rare – vzácny, zriedkavý take up to a year – trvať až rok

Priest – kňaz transcribe – prepísať

Original – pôvodný commoner – bežný človek

Copy – výtlačok worth - hoden

copy this worksheet into your exercise books and fill it in plus learn parts of a book Parts_of_a_book_workshhet_filled_in.docx

watch the following videos:

Parts of a book:

1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DM1_ON0wIE8

2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQyntYcGwik

for more info click on the following linkhttps://www.slideshare.net/emaness4/parts-of-a-book?next_slideshow=1

Acknowledgements/poďakovanie	Contents/obsah	Illustrations/ilustrácie
Appendix/dodatok	Cover(board)/kartónová obálka/ doska	Index/index
Bibliography/zoznam použitej literatúry	Footnote/poznámka pod čiarou	Jacket/prebal
Blurb/anotácia, vydavateľská poznámka	Foreword/predhovor, preddslov	Preface/úvod
Chapter/kapitola	Glossary/glosár(slovník)	Title/titul

Výsledok vyhľadávania obrázkov pre dopyt parts of a book Appendix• The APPENDIX includessupplementary (or extra)information found in theform of:– charts– lists– tables• Lo...

A __BIBLIOGRAPHY_______ is a list of the books and articles that were used in the preparation of a book. It usually appears at the end.
The _ILLUSTRATIONS_____ are the photographs or drawings that are found in a book.
The __ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS____ at the beginning or end of a book are where the author thanks everyone who has helped him or her, plus who supplied photographs, etc.
A ____PREFACE_____________ is an introduction at the beginning of a book, which explains what the book is about or why it was written and it is written by the author..
A ___CHAPTER______ is one of the parts that a book is divided into. It is sometimes given a number or a title.
An ___APPENDIX______ to a book is extra information (charts, tables or diagrams) that is placed after the end of the main text.
A _____ FOREWORD ____ is a preface in which someone who knows the writer and his or her work says something about them.
An___ INDEX ___ is an alphabetical list that is sometimes printed at the back of a book which has the names, subjects, etc. mentioned in the book and the pages where they can be found.
The ___CONTENTS ___ is a list at the beginning of a book saying what it contains.
The ____GLOSSARY_______ is an alphabetical list of the special or technical words used in a book, with explanations of their meanings.
A __FOOTNOTE____is a note at the bottom of a page in a book which gives the reader more information about something that is mentioned on the page.
The ____BLURB____ is a short description by the publisher of the contents of a book, printed on its paper cover or in advertisements.
páska na knihe - belly band
záložka prebalu - flap (front flap/back flap)
prebal - dust jacket (includes title, author, illustrator and the publisher on the front and ISBN on the back
knižný chrbát - spine (book back)
kapitálik - head band (horný kapitálik) tail band (spodný kapitálik)
oriezka - edging; horná oriezka - top edge, spodná oriezka - tail edge, fore edge -predná oriezka/okraj
záložková stužka - flag book mark
papierová záložka - paper book mark
chrbátnik - head cap
polep - gluing
knižné dosky - boards, back board - zadná doska, front board - predná doska
knižná drážka vonkajšia - joint
vnútorná knižná drážka - hinge
predsádka - endpaper, zadná p. - rear endpaper
vakát - fly leaf
knižný hárok - sheet
list - leaf
knižná zložka - signature
kníhviazačstvo - bookbinding
knižný blok - text blok
titulný list - title page
vydavateľský záznam - copyright page
protititulný obrázok - frontispice
patitul - half-title/bastard title
ľavá strana - verso, pravá strana - recto

HOMEWORK

MODALS OF OBLIGATION

https://www.oxfordonlineenglish.com/must-have-to-should

http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/have-must-should-obligation-advice

https://www.helpforenglish.cz/article/2009101801-cviceni-modalni-slovesa-1

REVISION

SB 34-37, WB 24-26

REVISE and talk about driver´s distractions SB 27-28, Listening Section 124/2.15, learn expressions from your exercise-books

SB 28-29 Stereotypes - talk about the two researches

Predložkové väzby

http://www.helpforenglish.cz/article/2011090304-pridavna-jmena-s-predlozkami

http://www.helpforenglish.cz/article/2011090703-slovesa-s-predlozkami

adjective + preposition

Niektoré prídavné mená viažu na seba predložku. Väčšinou za predložkou nasleduje fráza s podstatným menom alebo zámeno. Niekedy môže nasledovať –ing forma.

Neexistuje pravidlo, podľa ktorého priraďujeme predložky k prídavným menám. Učíme sa ich naspamäť.

adjective + of somebody to do something (od niekoho pre niečo)
nice of kind of good of generous of polite of stupid of silly of	milé láskavé dobré štedré slušné hlúpe pochabé	It was very kind of you to help me. It is stupid of me to go out without a coat in such cold weather.
adjective + to somebody (na niekoho)
nice to kind to good to generous to polite to rude to friendly to cruel to	milý láskavý dobrý štedrý slušný drzý priateľský krutý	They have always been nice to me. Why were you so unfriendly to Lucy?
adjective + of
afraid of* frightened of* terrified of* scared of*	bojaci sa vystrašený vydesený majúci strach	„Are you afraid of spiders?“ „Yes, I´mterrified of them.“
fond of	majúci rád	I am fond of cooking.
proud of	hrdý	I´m proud of my son.
ashamed of	hanbiaci sa	He´s a fool. I´m ashamed of him.
jealous of	žiarlivý	Why are you always so jealous of other people?
envious of	závistlivý	He is very envious of his brother.
suspicious of	nedôverčivý	He didn´t trust me. He was suspicious of my intentions.
critical of	kritický	They were critical of Government´s new law.
aware of conscious of	byť si vedomý	„Did you know he was married?“ „No, I wasn´taware of that.“
full of	plný	The letter was full of mistakes.
typical of	typické	He´s late again. It´s typical of him to keep everybody waiting.
tired of sick of	byť unavený chorý	Let´s go, I´m tired of waiting.
sure of/about	byť si istý	I think she´s arriving this evening, but I´m notsure of/about that.

*synonymá

adjective + with/about/at/by

angry with*

annoyed with*

furious with*

byť nahnevaný

with somebody for doing something(pokiaľ sme nahnevaní na niekoho kvôli niečomu)

Are you annoyed with me for being late?

Pokiaľ sme nahnevaní na niečo používame predložku about

It´s stupid to get angry about things that don´t matter.

excited about

worried about

upset about

nervous about

happy about

vzrušený

majúci obavu

nahnevaný

nevózny

šťastný

about a situation – z nejakej situácie

Are you excited about going away next week?

Linda is upset about not being invited.

delighted with*

pleased with*

satisfied with

happy with

disappointed with

byť potešený

byť spokojný

byť šťastný

byť sklamaný

with something you receive, or the result of something (z niečoho čo ste dostali alebo z výsledku niečoho)

I was delighted with the present you gave me.

Were you happy with your exam results?

fed up with

bored with

mať plné zuby

I don´t enjoy my job any more. I´m fed up with it.

I´m bored with it.

crowded with

preplnený

The streets were crowded with tourists.

impressed with/by

zaujatý

I´m very impressed with/by her English.

surprised at/by

shocked at/by

amazed at/by

prekvapený

šokovaný

ohromený

Everybody was shocked at/by the news.

I hope you weren´t surprised at/by what I said.

*synonymá

sorry + about/for (pociťujúci ľútosť)
sorry about	nad situáciou alebo niečím, čo sa stalo	I´m sorry about the mess. We´re all sorry about Julie losing her job.
sorry about/for	nad niečím, čo si urobil	Alex is very sorry about/for what he said. I´m sorry about/for shouting at you yesterday. v tomto prípade môžeme predložku vynechať I´m sorry I shouted at you yesterday.
feel/be sorry for	pociťovať ľútosť nad niekým kto je v zlej situácii	I feel sorry for Matt. He´s had a lot of bad luck.

adjective + at/to/from/in/on/for
good at bad at brilliant at better at hopeless at	dobrý v zlý v brilantný v lepší v zúfalý v	I´m not very good at repairing things. She´s hopeless at maths.
married to engaged to	vydatá/ženatý zasnúbená/ý	Linda is married to an American. but Linda ismarried with three children. (she has three children)
similar to	podobný	Your writing is similar to mine.
different from/to	odlišný	The film was different from/to what I´d expected.
interested in	majúci záujem	Are you interested in art?
involved in	zúčastňujúci sa	Some of the students are involved in the exchange programme.
keen on	dychtivý, nadšený	We stayed at home because Chris wasn´t verykeen on going out.
dependent on	závislý	I don´t want to be dependent on anybody.but independent of
famous for	slávny	The Italian city of Florence is famous for its art treasures.
responsible for	zodpovedný	Who was responsible for all that noise last night?
prepared for ready for	pripravený	Are you prepared for writing a test

23rd February

Talk about the British car magazine test in the simulator and all the distractions whren driving a car

Revision: Adelante Africa, Amazon Callenge + Listenings

Weak and strong adjectives

Comparatives, superlatives and comparison

Talk about transport in London and in Bratislava

31th January

Písomčica

Revise and talk about Changing lives Listening section 1.45,46,52 + learn Reading TV presenter´s Amazon challenge, focus on grammar- tenses and vocabulary

Revise Irregular verbs 164 and the Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

19th December

WB 12 and 14/ GRAMMAR EXERCISES

18th December

SB 17/ Read and retell the millionaire´s story.

Use the layout and the expressions below:

James Pearce (James, his real name , he could never spell - Jeff was easier)

FAMILY BACKGROUND: his childhood:

he couldn´t read and write, not many people knew about dyslexia
he was good at selling things, his first experience as a salesman, going door-to-door asking for..., selling in the market
he could make many from anything
he was successful and famous

Investments:

In 1983 - owned a small boutique, leather trousers went on sale
the nineties - he lost most of his money in the recession, was broke , even had to go back selling clothes in the markets

he never gave up
He set up a new business - a department store called Jeff´s made him a millionare again.
Even his two daughters did not realize that his father couln´t read ( a bedtime story, he felt ashamed, Why?)

WORK

he calculated figures
his wife wrote cheques and read contracts

3. In 1992 Pearce was awarded a Businessman of the YEAR prize for the best clothes store in Liverpool.

he told his friends and coleagues the truth
he decided to write a book abouth his experiece
first he had to learn to read and write - he went to evening classes and emploed a private teacher - a difficulty
then with the help of a ghost-writer, his autobiography A POCKET OF HOLES AND DREAMS was published and became a bestseller.
His family were proud of him.

Simple Past – Present Perfect Simple

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpas-preper/tests?test3

Form

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs Example: I spoke	irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs Example: I / you / we / they have spoken he / she / it has spoken
regular verbs: infinitive + ed Example: I worked	regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed Example: I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed': when the final letter is e, only add d Example: love - loved after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: admit - admitted final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: travel - travelled after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - worried but: play - played

Simple Past

Present Perfect Simple

irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs

Example:: I spoke

irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs

Example:: I / you / we / they have spoken; he / she / it has spoken

regular verbs: infinitive + ed

Example:: I worked

regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed

Example:: I / you / we / they have worked; he / she / it has worked

Exceptions

Exceptions when adding 'ed':

when the final letter is e, only add d

Example:

love - loved
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled

Example:

admit - admitted
final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)

Example:

travel - travelled
after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel)

Example:

worry - worried

but: play - played

See also explanations on Simple Past and Present Perfect Simple

Use

In British English, the use of Simple Past and Present Perfect is quite strict. As soon as a time expression in the past is given, you have to use Simple Past. If there are no signal words, you must decide if we just talk about an action in the past or if its consequence in the present is important.

Note that the following explanations and exercises refer to British English only. In American English, you can normally use Simple Past instead of Present Perfect. We cannot accept this in our exercises, however, as this would lead to confusions amongst those who have to learn the differences.

Certain time in the past or just / already / yet?

Do you want to express that an action happened at a certain time in the past (even if it was just a few seconds ago) or that an action has just / already / not yet happened?

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
certain time in the past Example: I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago.	**just / already / not yet** Example: I have just phoned Mary.

Simple Past

Present Perfect Simple

certain time in the past

Example:: I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago.

just / already / not yet

Example:: I have just phoned Mary.

Certain event in the past or how often so far?

Do you want to express when a certain action took place or whether / how often an action has happened till now?

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
certain event in the past Example: He went to Canada last summer.	whether / how often till now Example: Have you ever been to Canada? / I have been to Canada twice.

Emphasis on action or result?

Do you just want to express what happened in the past? Or do you want to emphasise the result (a past action's consequence in the present)?

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
Emphasis on action Example: I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the past.)	Emphasis on result Example: I have bought a new bike. (With this sentence I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.)

Simple Past

Present Perfect Simple

Emphasis on action

Example:: I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the past.)

Emphasis on result

Example:: I have bought a new bike. (With this sentence I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.)

Signal Words

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
yesterday ... ago in 1990 the other day last ...	just already up to now until now / till now ever (not) yet so far lately / recently

Learn vocabulary EF 1 on the tab IV.GMB

EF 2A REVISE words + exercises + Vocabulary Bank 154

Future forms

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/future.htm

22nd November

Write a for and against essay on the topic Being a sibling and being an only child.

These pages we have recently gone through will help you: SB 10-11, Vocabulary Bank 153 and Listening section page 122/Listening 1.27.

Revision: EVENTS in NOVEMBER (Guy Fawkes Day/Bonfire Night, Thanksgiving)

Dopisovači: Personality adjectives VB 153

LINKING PHRASES

In case you did not manage to do so in the class..

For instance - for example (napríklad)

One advantage is that - on the plus side

pros and cons (klady a zápory) - advantages and disadvantages

One disadvantage is that - For one thing

Finally, (nakoniec) - Last of all, (a nakoniec)

All things considered, (berúc všetko do úvahy, všetko zvážiac) - All in all, (celkove)

In my opinion, (podľa môjho názoru) - I think

In conclusion, (v závere) - to sum up, (aby sme to zhrnuli)

In fact, (v skutočnosti) - the reality is that.. (skutočnosť je taká, že...)

Another point is that.. (Ďalší bod je, že...) - What is more, (a čo viac,...)

Moreover (navyše) - On top of that (a na dôvažok, a ešte k tomu)

To list and add points:
Firstly/In the first place/To start/begin with ...; Secondly/In addition/Furthermore/Moreover/Besides...; Thirdly/Finally/Last; Last but not least; etc

To introduce or list advantages:
The first/main/most important advantage of...;
One/Another/An additional advantage of ...;
One point of view in favour of...; It is often suggested/believed/argued that...;
Some/Many people suggest/feel/argue that...; etc

To introduce or list disadvantages:
The main/most important disadvantage/drawback of...; One/Another/An additional disadvantage/negative effect of...; One point/argument against; etc

To introduce examples/reasons/results:
For example/instance; such as; like; in particular; therefore; for this reason; because; as; since; as a result; etc

To show contrast:
On the other hand; However; still; but; Nonetheless; Nevertheless; Although; Even though; Despite/ In spite of (the fact that); etc

To introduce a conclusion:
In conclusion; To conclude/sum up; All in all; Finally; Last; All things considered; Taking everything into account/ consideration; etc

8th October

Write 3 positive and 3 negative personal qualities of your English teacher. Use some personality adjectives and explanations. Example: Our English teacher is disorganized. Her books and things are everywhere on her desk.

Learn or revise Guy Fawkes/Bonfire Night and Thanksgiving

Also, revise verbs associated with a recipe.

26th October

YES!book WRITE A RECIPY MEATLOAF WITH CHEESE, Vocabulary on yout tab III.GMT KAJ

LEARN FOOD

25th October

Grammar Bank 132 /ex. a, b Bring YES!book and ENGLISH FILE.

24th October

Writing section 115/ ex. d

23rd October

Revise Mood Food and The truth abouth healthy eating. TEST.

20th October

WB 6 The truth about healthy eating

13th October

Talk about Mood Food using the epressions below and Yes!book the topic FOOD - Vocabulary on 93-94

daily life makes us feel tired, stressed, or depressed
alternative therapies
food contain substances which affect how you think and feel
food high in carbohydrates - pasta and creamy sauce
be on a diet
make us feel awake and focused
food rich in proteins - meat
food low/lower in proteins , e.g. white-flour bread, rolls
a secret weapon in the fight against crime
late-night violence
nightclub owners came up with a solution
a reduction in vilent incidents
the brain releases feel-good chemicals caleed endorphines
chocolate can help stoplate-night tiredness
a powerful mood changer

12th October - PLS bring your YES!book and English File B

1 Vocabulary bank 152

2 WB 4-5

9th October

Gutenberg + 2D and 3D Graphics + COLOURS = Testík

28th SEPTEMBER

1Learn about 2D and 3D Graphics

2 LEARM MAking a good layout

3 Revise J. Gutenberg

COLOUR THEORY:

Whatever is used in the way of technical aids or colour classification systems must be aligned with

the colour perception of the eye of the human observer
and in the range of spectrum of electromagnetic waves visible to the human eye.

Both additive and substractive colour mixing processes occur in modern reproduction theory.

WATCH!!!!!!!

video explaining primary, secondary and tertiary and complimentary colours https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1CK9bE3H_s&t=2s

video about psychology of colours https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6ImJkv7F_Q

or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n9BzzWy4zY

In additive colour mixing light is emitted by the source of its own.

COLOUR MIXING

video we watched today dealing with rgb vs cmyk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hirYMZ7PQc

Additive Colour Mixing RGB	Subtractive Colour Mixing CMYK
Red + Green = Yellow	Cyan + Magenta = Blue
Blue + Green = Cyan	Magenta + Yellow = Red
Red + Blue = Magenta	Cyan + Yellow = Green
Red + Green + Blue = White	Cyan + Magenta + Yellow = black (Key)

Used in: monitors, projectors, scanners Used in: printers

Colour psychology

By using color psychology, you can send:

a positive or negative message
encourage sales
calm a crowd

The latest colour psychology is focused on marketing, particularly:

in logo design
web site design
the cover of a book
the package of a product.

NOTE:

This information will help you decided what colors to use in your marketing projects.

Also remember for the World Wide Web, that different cultures have differing views on the meaning of color.

Black

Black is the color of authority and power, stability and strength. It is also the color associated with intelligence (doctorate in black robe). Black clothes make people appear thinner. In the western hemisphere black is associated with grieving.

White

For most of the world this is the colour associated with purity (wedding dresses); cleanliness (doctors in white coats) and the safety of bright light.

White is also associated with creativity (white boards, blank slates). It is a compression of all the colors in the color spectrum.

Gray

Gray is most associated with the practical things in life. Some shades of gray are associated with old age, death, taxes, depression or a lost sense of direction but gray is often associated with giving a helping hand, strong character

Red

Red is the colour of energy. It's associated with movement and excitement.

Red is the symbol of life and, for this reason, it's the colour worn by brides in China. Red is used at holidays that are about love and giving (red roses, Valentines hearts, Christmas, etc.)

Blue

Seeing the colour blue actually causes the body to produce chemicals that are calming; but that isn't true of all shades of blue. Over the ages blue has become associated with wisdom and loyalty (note how many uniforms are blue). People tend to be more productive in a blue room.

Green

The colour of growth, nature, and money. A calming colour also that's very pleasing to the senses. It is also the colour associated with envy, good luck, generosity and fertility.

Yellow

Cheerful yellow is the colour of the sun, associated with laughter, happiness and good times. It has the power to speed up our metabolism and bring out some creative thoughts. Some shades of yellow are associated with cowardice; but the more golden shades with the promise of better times.

Orange

It's the colour associated with funny times, happy and energetic days, warmth and organic products. It is also associated with ambition.

Purple

most royal colour that is associated with wealth, prosperity, rich sophistication. This colour stimulates the brain activity used in problem solving.

Brown

This colour is most associated with reliability, stability, and friendship and with things being natural or organic. In India it is the colour of mourning.

2D and 3D GRAPHICS

GRAPHICS

There is a basic difference between pixel and vector graphics.

2D Graphics

Pixel graphics use a grid or screen of small square picture elements (pixels) for displaying graphics (bitmaps). Each pixel has a particular position and a particular colour value. Because the total number of pixels is always the same, the resolution is reduced if the image is enlarged and the image then often looks jagged, not so sharp. Pixel graphics are created in drawing programs such as Microsoft Paint, MacPaint, Photoshop.

Vector graphics are created from mathematically defined lines (vectors) and curves (exclusively Bézier curves that can be processed in PostScript). Vectors draw pictures on the basis of their geometrical characteristics. Vector graphics are always suitable for showing sharp contour and details.

Well known vector graphic programmes are Macromedia Freehand, Adobe Illustrator, and CorelDraw.

Exchanged formats for vector graphics are, for example, EPS (Encapsulated PostScript), WMF (Windows MetaFile) and MacPICT. These formats are metafiles, that is, they can contain vectors as well as bitmaps.

Note: HTML does not support vector data, so that all vector graphics must be changed into pixel format.

JPEG is preferred on the Internet for contone images (photos.)

2D computer graphics

are mainly used in applications that were originally developed upon traditional printing and drawing technologies, such as typography, cartography, technical drawing, advertising, etc. The two-dimensional image is not just a representation of a real/world object. The 2D computer graphics give more direct control of the image than 3D computer graphics.

2D graphics models may combine:

· geometric models (also called vector graphics),

· digital images (also called raster graphics),

· text to be typeset ( defined by content, font style and size, colour, position, and orientation)

· mathematical functions and equations, and more.

These components can be modified and manipulated by two-dimensional geometric transformation such as translation,

rotation, scaling.

2D graphics software

MacDraw(Macintosh), Adobe Illustrator, CorelDraw, free editors or drawing programs are e.g. xfig or Inkscape.

There are also many 2D graphics editors specialized for certain types of drawings such as electrical, electronic diagrams, topographic maps, computer fonts, etc.

3D computer graphics

use a three dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images.

In computer graphics software, the difference between 2D and 3D is blurred; 2D applications may use 3D techniques to achieve effects such as lighting, and 3D may use 2D rendering techniques. (Rendering means the generation of pictures from digitally available scenes.)

ANIMATION

ANIMATION concerns the artificial generation by computer of objects in scenes.

The chronological course of the scene is determined by:

· the sequence of movements

· the viewer position

· the line of vision

The sequence is predetermined and cannot be changed by the viewer.

Animation uses 3D visualizing technology and proceeds via extensive rendering processes back to series of halftone images, which, depending on quality, can achieve displays almost in photographic quality. FLASH is used frequently for animation.

Rendering means the generation of pictures from digitally available scenes.

VIDEO

By VIDEO we mean the recording of chronologically arranged sequences of pixel images.

The resolution and the number of images per second are determining factors for the amount of data.

Digital formats are playing an increasing role in recording and transmission. All videos that are distributed via the Internet are digital. Examples are the Coding Standards Motion JPEG and MPEG.

MPEG also allows the coding of a synchronized audio signal in addition to the video, i.e. picture and sound sequences.

By SOUND/AUDIO we mean changes in pressure in gases, liquids or solids.

In order to record acoustic signals, the sound signal is converted into an electrical signal, e.g. by microphone. If a signal is needed in a digital form, the acoustic/electric signals are scanned.

You are learning the program for producing videos – PremiérPRO.

VIRTUAL REALITY

If one combines data of animations and adds an interactive component, e.g. joystick, 3D mouse, headset, or data glove, then one enters into virtual reality.

On hardware side, it requires sophisticated projection or display technologies as well as the possibility to change the position and the viewing angle using a suitable tracking system.

The variety of projecton technologies ranges from data helmets to projection rooms called CAVEs (CAVE = Cave Automated Virtual Environment).

The basis for the necessary software is 3D visualization technology.

The calculations for VR must be carried out in real time, that is, at the same time as it is displayed.

MAKING A GOOD LAYOUT

A Good Layout:

works (helps a reader quickly and easily understand a message)
is well-organized (shows what comes first, second, third, etc.)
is attractive (grabs a reader’s attention) to effectively communicate a message.

The Elements of Design

Knowing what the basic elements of design are and how to use them will help you make the right choices to create a good layout:

LINE – any mark connecting any points
SHAPE – anything that has height and width
TEXTURE – the look or feel of a surface
SPACE – the distance or area between or around things
SIZE – how big or small something is
VALUE – the darkness or lightness of an area
COLOUR – the ultimate (neprekonateľný, vrcholný) tool for symbolic communication

Basic Principles of Design and Layout

How to organize:

Use different sizes of type. (e. g. headlines are bigger than subheads)
Put colours behind an important area of information.
Use rules to separate information into groups.
Change the weight of the type. (e. g. semi-bold stands out, but bold really stands out)
Leave white area around information.
Pick the best location. (e. g. the upper left corner is usually read first)
Put pictures next to important copy. (e. g. they attract the eye and reinforce(posilniť, support) the message)
Put type (písmo) in a box or give it an interesting shape.
Call out items by putting bullets on front of them.
Use different coloured or reversed type to separate and emphasize.

How to attract:

Enlarge a photo of something small.
Surround a very small picture with a lot of open space.
Choose bright colour when the piece will be viewed in a grey environment, such as a text-heavy magazine.
Use a solid black area or a large white area for a newspaper ad.
Crop an image in an unusual way. (e. g. show an eye, not a whole face)
Use very large type for a thought-provoking or humorous headline.
Make the piece a different size and shape from other similar pieces.
Choose a paper with an interesting, noticeable texture or colour.
Set important information in an atypical way, e.g. set a headline on a curve or try a script font or face).

Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468)

Pls, learn the basics about Johannes Gutenberg plus learn the vocabulary you can find below the text. In case you wish to download the stuff, just click on the following link J._Gutenberg2017._upravene.docx

Výsledok vyhľadávania obrázkov pre dopyt johannes gutenberg

Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468)

Johannes Guttenberg invented the printing press - the most important invention in modern times.

Without books and computers we wouldn't be able to learn, to pass on information, or to share scientific discoveries. Prior to Gutenberg invented the printing press, making a book was a hard process. It wasn't that hard to write a letter to one person by hand, but to create thousands of books for many people to read was nearly impossible. Without the printing press we wouldn't have had the Scientific Revolution or the Rennaisance. Our world would be very different.

Inventions

Gutenberg took some existing technologies and some of his own inventions to invent the printing press in the year 1450. One key idea he came up with was moveable type. Rather than use wooden blocks to press ink onto paper, Gutenberg used moveable metal pieces to quickly create pages. He made innovations all the way through the printing process enabling pages to be printed faster. His presses could print thousands of pages per day vs. 40-50 with the old method. This was a dramatic improvement and allowed books to be acquired by the middle class and spread knowledge and education like never before. The invention of the printing press spread rapidly throughout Europe and soon thousands of books were being printed using printing presses.

Among his many contributions to printing are:

The invention of a process for mass-producing movable type;
The use of oil-based ink for printing books (farba na olejovom základe)
Adjustable moulds (nastaviteľné formy)
Mechanical movable type (mechanická pohyblivá sadzba)
The use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses (skrutkový lis) of the period

Combination of these elements into a practical system allowed the mass production of printed books.

Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy (sadzba zhotovená zo zliatiny kovov) and a hand mould (ručná forma) for casting type (odlievanie sadzby). The alloy (zliatina) was a mixture of lead (olova), tin (cínu), and antimony (antimónu) that melted (tavila sa) at a relatively low temperature for faster and more economical casting (odlievanie), cast well (dobre sa odlieval), and created a durable type (a vytvoril trvácnu sadzbu)

First printed books

Click to view higher-resolution image

The original Bible was sold for 30 florins. This was a lot of money back then for a commoner, but much, much cheaper than a hand-written version.

There are about 21 complete copies of Gutenberg Bible existing today. One copy is worth about 30 million dollars.

Vocabulary:

Printing press – tlačiarenský stroj invention – vynález

Pass on information – postúpiť, poslať ďalej informáciu

Share scientific discoveries – zdieľať, podeliť sa o vedecké objavy

Prior to – pred, skôr ako invent – vynájsť

Nearly – takmer Scientific Revolution – vedecko-technická revolúcia

Goldsmith – zlatník move – sťahovať sa

For sure – naisto, s istotou key idea –kľúčová/hlavná myšlienka (nápad)

come up with – prísť s čím, vymyslieť moveable type – pohyblivá sadzba

rather than – radšej ako, skôr ako wooden blocks – drevené bloky/kvádre

ink – farba, atrament metal pieces – kovové kusy

all the way through – úplne, v celom enable – umožniť

improvement – zlepšenie allow – dovoliť, povoliť

acquire – získať, dosiahnuť spread – šíriť

knowledge – vedomosti, znalosti education – vzdelanie

mass-produce – masovo vyrábať oil-based ink – farba/atrament na olejovom základe

adjustable – nastaviteľný mould – forma

wooden – drevený similar to – podobný ako

agricultural – poľnohospodársky screw press – skrutkový lis

mass production – masová výroba considered – považovaný

consider – považovať include – zahŕňať

type metal alloy – sadzba zhotovené zo zliatiny kovov alloy – zliatina

hand mould – ručná forma casting type – odlievanie sadzby

type – sadzba mixture – zmes

lead – olovo tin – cín

antimony – antimón melt – taviť sa

low temperature – nízka teplota durable – odolný, trvácny

item – položka, kus German – nemecký

poem – báseň indulgences – odpustky

Catholic Church – katolícka cirkev real – skutočný

Fame – sláva available – dostupný

Rare – vzácny, zriedkavý take up to a year – trvať až rok

Priest – kňaz transcribe – prepísať

Original – pôvodný commoner – bežný človek

Copy – výtlačok worth - hoden

Opravná komisionálna skúška z ANJ v školskom roku 2016/2017

Róbert Szabo, Athiwat Somnam, II.GMT

1 Preštudujú všetky články v SB a WB v lekciách EF od 7 až po 12. Budú ovládať slovnú zásobu a rozprávať podrobne obsah. Dôkladne si doštudujete VOCABULARY BANK and GRAMMAR BANK + NEPRAVIDELNÉ SLOVESÁ - IRREGULAR VERBS, CELÉ OPAKOVANIE lekcií EF 7-12

+ elektronický slovník k učebnici uvedený na stránke: polygraficka.edupage.org pod Učitelia/Pastiriková/II.GMT

GRAMMAR od 12 lekcie po 7

Questions without auxiliaries, REPORTED SPEECH, Past Perfect, So/Neither do I,expressing movement, phrasal verbs and word order of phrasal verbs PHRASES WITH GET in Vocabulary bank 159 + WB 51/ 2 Vocabulary + Confusing verbs in VOCAB. bank page 160 + WB 53 + present perfect or past simple? SECOND CONDITIONAL if + past, would +I nfinitive,possessive pronouns, CONDITIONALS I, GIVE ME ADVICE: You should / ought to ... You shouldn´t / oughtn´t… MUST, MUSTN´T, HAVE TO , DON´T HAVE TO, uses of gerund, uses of infinitive with to

SB 66-67 REVISE AND CHECK - Grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, reading

SB 82-83 REVISE AND CHECK - Grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, reading

SB 98-99 REVISE AND CHECK - Grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, reading

DIALOGUES:

SB 98-99 Practical English: GETTING AROUND – DIRECTIONS - zopakujte si všetky frázy.

SB 90-91 Telephone conversations- phrases

TOPICS for speaking and writing

HEALTH CARE from the worksheet: Human body, Symptoms and illnesses + At the doctor´s + Vocabulary,

WB 70/ ex. b LAST DAY AT SCHOOL FOR BOY WITH DIRTY SHOES , Vocabulary bank 162 + WB 69, Vocabulary bank 163 Learn all the phrasal verbs + WB 71, 72 STILL TIRED IN THE MORNING?

SB 86 EARLY BIRD + ex. a,b,c, d

SB Writing section page 117 + THERE ARE TOO MANY REALITY SHOWS ON TV. Do you agree?

Všetky frázy a výrazy týkajúce sa rozhodovania pri veľkom výbere vecí: IS TOO MUCH CHOICE MAKING US UNHAPPY?

TELL the content of the story DOLPHINS SAVE SWIMMERS FROM A SHARK ATTACK and retell it. Nezabudnite používať: suddenly, at that point, fortunately, then/after that, but/however, in the end.

who was swimming and where
why dolphins appeared and how they were behaving
a shark was sharing the water, describe it the situation, what dolphins were doing
the happy end

The mothers of invention SB 76 Listening section 124 / 4.37 and Did you know...? SB 77, WB 67 the whole page

Naučiť sa rozprávať o vynálezoch a používať vety v trpnom rode: ... was invented/was discovered/ were invented/were discovered Talk about one invention that changed your life.

TALK ABOUT OUR SCHOOL:

What subjects (compulsory/elective; general/specialized) you learn. What you learn at practical training lessons. What subject you are good/weak at and why. What your most/least favourite subject is and why. 2 things you like about studying at your school. 2 things you would like to change and how.Who you would recommend to study at this school.

· I am studying at Secondary School of Printing and Publishing. Now I am in the 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th class. This school prepares students for different professions in the fields of printing and publishing. A lot of its graduates start to work in publishing companies, printing houses, advertising agencies or graphic studios as web-designers (návrhári webových stránok), digital media designers (dizajnér digitálnych médií), pre-press technicians (technickí pracovníci zodpovední za prípravu tlače), printing machinery operators (operátori tlače), digital printing operators (operátori digitálnej tlače), and bookbinders (kníhviazači). When I graduate I would like to work in___________ as

A BIOGRAPHY - grandmother/grandfather/mother or father/ an actor/actress/singer, pripravte si životopis podľa predlohy na strane 116 v časti WRITING, cvičenie d

SB 70-71 Phobias and words related to fear (máte ich v poznámkovom zošite: be afraid of, be scared of, be frightened of, feel a fear of)

WB 48 READING about methods/ways how to learn foreign languages.

SB 57/I will survive (in Spanish) or will I? Talk about the experiment in detail. Use all the phrases and expressions written in your exercises book.

The Internet - Friend or Foe? Naučiť sa s použitím linking words rozprávať o pozitívach a negatívach elektronickej čítačky kníh: WB 46

SB 54 Happiness is… What happiness is for you, begin with HAPPINESS IS...

SB 52: HOW TO ... Survive Meeting Your Girlfriend´s parents for the First Time + 3.23 Listening - your notes: Expressions to remember and use in your conversation: common interests. it´ll be easy to have a conversation with..., to make the right impression, it´s important NOT TO be late, shake the hand firmly / a weak handshake, be ready to answer, to want to know everything about your ambitions, offer to do the washing-up, don´t be a "yes"man, ask for your opinion, try NOT TO talk about controversial subjects - this isn´t the moment to give your views on religion and politics,if the conversation is dying and you can´t think what to say..., it shows you have a deep interest in something.

1 REVISION EF 7-12

2 Revise IRREGULAR VERBS

so slovenským prekladom

http://www.gjar-po.sk/~visnovskyt4d/irregularverbs.pdf

22 MAY

http://a4esl.org/q/h/9901/tm-reported1.html

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-reported-speech.php

http://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_reported_speech.htm

In the lesson with Mrs. Prívozníková you will practise Past Tenses (Reported Speech + BrE and AmE)

In the second lesson with Mrs. Vozarská do the exercises on SB 98-99 Revise and Check

18-19 MAY

1 WB page 80/ 2 VOCABULARY ex. b, c

2 REVISION EF 12 A, B, C

4 MAY

REPORTED/INDIRECT SPEECH

Backshift

You must change the tense if the introductory clause is in Simple Past (e. g. He said). This is called backshift. Example:

He said, “I am happy.” – He said that he was happy.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Simple Present	Simple Past
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
Simple Past	Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple
Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Future I (going to)	was / were going to
Future I (will)	Conditional I (would)
Conditional I (would)	Conditional I (would)

The verbs could, should, would, might, must, needn’t, ought to, used to do not normally change.

Example:

He said, “She might be right.” – He said that she might be right.

In the following table, you will find ways of transforming place and time expressions into reported speech.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
today	that day
now	then
yesterday	the day before
… days ago	… days before
last week	the week before
next year	the following year
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
here	there
this	that
these	those

REPORTED SPEECH/Indirect speech

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/reported.htm

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech

http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/102.html

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?09

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?04

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?06

3 MAY

WB 78

I will check your notes about PAST PERFECT TENSE in GRAMMAR BANK 148

1 Revise IRREGULAR VERBS

so slovenským prekladom

http://www.gjar-po.sk/~visnovskyt4d/irregularverbs.pdf

2 Phrasal verbs VB 163, WB 72, 77/ 3 VOCABULARY

3 TRANSLATION EF 11, 12A, + Practical English SB 90-91

4 REVISION: PAST PERFECT WB 76

24 APRIL

WB 74/READING ex. a, b

WB 76 + make notes about PAST PERFECT TENSE in GRAMMAR BANK 148

21 APRIL

WB 76 + make notes about PAST PERFECT TENSE in GRAMMAR BANK 148

19-20 APRIL

TEST: Revise grammar - expressing novements WB 69, SO / NEITHER WB 73, phrasal verbs WB 71-72, prepostions WB 70, GRAMMAR BANK 146-147, SB 84-89 reading, listening and vocabulary parts + VOCABULARY BANK 162-163

WRITING AN ARTICLE

AN ARTICLE is usually written for an English-language magazine or newsletter. The main purpose is to inform, interest and engage the reader, so there should be some opinion or comment.

Hints

Add a short title to catch the reader's attention. Make sure it is relevant. You can use the one in the question or invent one of your own.
Introduce the topic. Although you don't know the readers personally, you can address them directly and ask them a rhetorical question. It helps to involve them.
Divide your report into sections according to the input. One or two paragraphs will do.
Develop the ideas in the task input. Remember .
- Use a personal or more neutral style, but not formal (you might use contractions).
- It is important that you show a range of structures.
- Give examples where appropriate to bring your article to life
- Use humour where appropriate.
Give a conclusion and summary in the last paragraph.
Useful language for an article

Involving the reader

Just imagine... Have you ever...? How would you feel if ...? Are you one of those people who ...?

If the answer is ..., you should.... What would live be like if..

Making the article lively and interesting

I was absolutely terrified when I realised... More importantly, it was something I...Not surprisingly, it's a good way of raising money. The tent was worryingly small for three people! It was the most amazing experience I have ever had

Developing your points

Let's start with ... Another advantage of ... On top of that, ...

Giving your own opinion

I think that / In my opinion ... It seems to me that ... If you ask me, ... To my mind...

Article – Model question 1

A charity event to remember
What is the most unusual way you've raised money for charity? How did you do it? What did you have to do? Was the event a success? Would you do it again?
Write us an article answering these questions.
We will publish the best articles on our website.

Write your article in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.

Article - Model answer 1

A charity event to remember

So why did I decide to do a 90-km walk in six days along the Great Wall of China? Well, the reason was that our local children's hospital needed to raise money or it would be close. However, I didn't realise how big a challenge it would be.

Before I went, I thought that I would be walking along a flat surface but when I saw the Great Wall, my heart sank. Part of the time we would be trekking up hundreds of high steps and, worryingly, some of the paths had steep falls on either side and there was nowhere to go because we were surrounded by mountains and forests. However, after a while, I started to love the experience. I was in one of the most amazing places on earth and the views were incredible.

In the end, the adventure was a great success. The hospital was delighted because a group of us managed to raise several thousand pounds.

Would I be keen to help the hospital again next year? Yes, but I think I'll try and find an easier challenge next time!

[+/- 190 words]

Article - Model question 2

TASK: You see this announcement in an international magazine.

Life on a desert island
Imagine you were on a desert island. What important object, person or place in your life would you miss most? What would be the reasons?
Write us an article answering these questions.
We will publish the best articles in the magazine.

Write your article in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.

Article - Model answer 2

Life on a desert island

How would you feel about living on a desert island? I can't imagine anything worse! I'd miss a lot of things but most of all, I would miss my home.

My home is a small house on the outskirts of a city. It was built about 50 years ago and has a small garden. In the summer, our country gets very hot but our house is always cool. You'd probably think our house is nothing special, but I have lived there all my life and all my friends live nearby. It's a happy place, where I feel completely safe. Whenever I go away, I look forward to coming back, lying on my bed, reading a book and listening to my brother and sister arguing downstairs!

I love travelling and meeting new people, but if I were on a desert island, I'd be away from the place I love most: my home; and I would hate that. [+/- 160 words]

Article- Model question 3

TASK

You see this announcement in an international magazine.

Articles wanted

Lucky winners
What would you do if you won a large sume of money. How would your life change?
Write us an article answering these questions. Give reasons.
We will publish the best articles next month.

Write your article in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.

Article - Model answer 3

Don't throw it all away!

Have you ever dreamt of becoming rich unexpectedly? Just imagine what your life would be like! However, some people who get rich quickly are very careless with their money and end up being poorer than they were before.

That's why I'd be very careful. I wouldn't want a completely different kind of life, so I'd start by putting some of it away, in case everything went wrong - set up a kind of "emergency fund". Then I would buy my hard-working parents a new home. They deserve it because they have always provided me with everything I've always wanted, even if it meant they had to go without. I would also give some money away to needy people who are struggling in the world and have no food. It would not be right to just spend the money on myself. Then I think I would take a year off from studying and travel round the world in great comfort. I've spent most of my live travelling on a limited budget and sleeping in hostels.

After that, who knows? I'll see, but I certainly won't be buying any luxury cars

6 April

WB 72 TALK about 5 tips for getting a better night´s sleep + TIRED OF TECHNOLOGY

5 April

WB 72 READ about 5 tips for getting a better night´s sleep

4 April

REVISION
TEXT ABOUT SB 83 DOLPHINS + SB 85 BAD LOSERS learn and be prepared for translation S-A

WB 71 the whole page

23 March

NA SUPLOVANÝCH HODINÁCH vo štvrtok:

1 GRAMMAR BANK 147/11A, ex.b

2 SB 85 / 4 READING and Speaking + exercises,

3 SB 85 / 5 WRITING/ ex. a, b

FRIDAY 24 March

REVISION EF 9+10, retelling the contents of the articles SLEEP (WB 68), DOLPHINS (SB 83)

22 March

REVISE AND CHECK 83/READING + retell the story using appropraite language, WB 68- read and be prepared to talk about SLEEP

21 March

After your practical training lessons + WB 68/4 READING

Write an essay of about 200 - 250 words about your school. After introducing it and saying what year and branch of study you are studying include:

What subjects (compulsory/elective; general/specialized) you learn
What you learn at practical training lessons
What subject you are good/weak at and why
What your most/least favourite subject is and why
2 things you like about studying at your school
2 things you would like to change and how
Who you would recommend to study at this school

Don’t forget about paragraphs, at least three – introduction, body, closing. Please, submit your essays to your English teacher by the end of the following week.

13 March

1 SB 82-83 Revise and check

2 Revise, pls. - The Mothers of Inventions and Did you know....? SB Listening section page 124 4.37, SB 77. Focus on vocabulary (words, phrases) and understanding the text. Grammar is also important (the passive voice)

Try to translate the example:

Keď bola ľuďom v hračkárskej spoločnosti po prvýkrát ukázaná spoločenska hra Monopoly, nemali záujem a povedali, že má 52 zásadných chýb vrátane toho, že ju trvá dlho hrať.

10 March

SB 81/4 VOCABULARY ex. b

81/ 3 Speaking and Reading ex. b

9 March

Revise,pls. - Inventions and Did you know....? SB Listening section page 124 4.37, SB 77

Grammar bank 145/10B ex. b to finish a few sentences

WB 65/2 Grammar ex. a, b

5 sentences + and - about your activities which you don´t do anymore now (USED TO)

WB 63-64/ 2 GRAMMAR ex. a, b, c

PASSIVE

Trpný rod (the passive voice)

TRPNÝ ROD v angličtine (THE PASSIVE VOICE) – tvorba / význam / použitie / základné pravidlá.

Trpný rod je v angličtine veľmi používanou súčasťou gramatiky. Na začiatok je nutné povedať, že trpný rod je v anglickom jazykuoveľa viac používaný v porovnaní so slovenčinou. Do určitej miery to súvisí s nedostatkom koncoviek u anglických podstatných a prídavných mien a s ustáleným slovosledom anglickej vety. Pretože platí, že podmet môže byť vo vete iba pred slovesom, bolo potrebné vytvorenie štruktúry, ktorou je práve trpný rod. Pomocou neho sa zmení na podmet ľubovoľné podstatné meno, ktoré je vo vete s činným rodom predmetom.

V angličtine, v jednoduchej oznamovacej vete sa na prvom mieste vždy nachádza podmet (na rozdiel od slovenčiny, kde podmet môže byť aj na inom mieste – “Na druhom mieste sa umiestnil môj brat“, alebo môže byť dokonca aj nevyjadrený -“Prší.“) . Napríklad: “It (podmet) is raining.” / “The car (podmet) is green.” / “My mother (podmet) worked in the office.”

Pokiaľ tento podmet vykonáva nejakú činnosť, hovoríme, že sloveso je v činnom rode. Naopak, keď podmet prijíma činnosť, sloveso je v trpnom rode.

Máme pred sebou dvojicu viet:

ČINNÝ ROD: Lisa rozbila okno. = Lisa broke the window.
TRPNÝ ROD: Okno rozbila Lisa. = The window was broken by Lisa.

Ak podmet vety (osoba) vykonáva dej vyjadrený slovesom, používame činný rod. PODMET (= Lisa) vykoná istú činnosť (= BROKE THE WINDOW). PODMET činného rodu JE činiteľ deja (niečo vykonáva).

V trpnom rode PODMET nevykonáva žiadnu činnosť. PODMET trpného rodu NIE JE činiteľ deja (na podmete je činnosť vyjadrená slovesom vykonávaná, no nie podmet sám ju vykonáva). V trpnom rode hovoríme, čo sa PODMETU stalo, prihodilo.

Základná stavba trpného rodu

form-passive

Trpný rod tvoríme tak, že sloveso BE dáme do správneho času, podľa toho, čo chceme, aby veta vyjadrovala (napr. BE v minulom čas WAS, BE v prítomnom čase IS / ARE apod.) + (akékoľvek) sloveso v minulom príčastí (done / written / made).

Tense	Active	Passive
present simple	I clean the car.	The car is cleaned (by me).
present continuous	I am cleaning the car.	The car is being cleaned (by me).
past simple	I cleaned the car.	The car was cleaned (by me).
past continuous	I was cleaning the car.	The car was being cleaned (by me).
present perfect	I have cleaned the car.	The car has been cleaned (by me).
present perfect continuous	I have been cleaning the car.	The car has been being cleaned (by me).
past perfect	I had cleaned the car.	The car had been cleaned (by me).
future simple	I will clean the car.	The car will be cleaned (by me).
future perfect	I will have cleaned the car.	The car will have been cleaned (by me).

A lot of people have been employed.
Nobody was injured in the accident.
The hotel was built in 2005.
The house is being cleaned at the moment.
Somebody was behind me. I was being followed.
America was discovered in …
He will be brought up by his uncle.

OTÁZKA / ZÁPOR

OTÁZKU tvoríme ako u samostatného slovesa TO BE – obrátením slovosledu medzi podmetom a tvarom slovesa.

- When was the hotel built? (NIE! ~~When was built the hotel?~~)

ZÁPOR tvoríme ako u samostatného slovesa TO BE – pridaním NOT k slovu TO BE.

- The hotel was not built in 2005.
- The house isn’t being cleaned now.

Utvorme si spoločne jednu ukážkovú vetu v trpnom rode krok za krokom:

passive

SLOVESO je clean. / PREDMET je my car.

PREDMET činného rodu (my car) sa stáva PODMETOM trpného rodu.

- My car …

Ďalej potrebujeme sloveso BE v takom čase, v akom čase je sloveso v činnom rode. SLOVESO cleaned je v minulom čase, takže BE dáme do minulého času.

- My car was …

Nasledovne potrebujeme minulé príčastie slovesa, ktoré máme vo vete činného rodu.V našom prípade je to sloveso CLEAN a jeho minulé príčastie je CLEANED.

- My car was cleaned …

Následne už len stačí dokončiť vetu.

- My car was cleaned 2 days ago.

Použitie trpného rodu

Dej dôležitejší než činiteľ

Podstatnejší je pre nás dej (čo sa komu prihodilo / stalo) než činiteľ deja (kto niečo urobil).

- - The cake was made.
  - My flight has been cancelled.

Činiteľ deja nie je dôležitý

Trpný rod používame vtedy, ak činiteľ deja nie je pre nás dôležitý. Často je z vety zrejmé a jasné, kto týmto činiteľom je.

- - He was expelled out of school. – Bol vylúčený zo školy. (= činiteľ deja – ten, kto žiaka vyhodil – vo vete nie je vyjadrený, pretože je všeobecne jasné a známe, že zo školy vás môže vyhodiť iba riaditeľ)

- - The man was arrested. (= nie je vôbec dôležité, aby sme do vety umiestňovali činiteľa deja, keďže je zrejmé, že ho zatkli policajti)

Činiteľ deja je neznámy / zabudnutný

Trpný rod používame vtedy, ak je činiteľ deja neznámy alebo sa na činiteľa deja zabudlo.

- - The car was stolen. (= činiteľ deja nie je známy)
  - At least ten people were killed. (= činiteľ deja je neznámy)

Činiteľa deja zámerne nespomíname

Ak činiteľa deja úmyselne nespomíname, pretože najčastejšie nechceme.

- - I was misled. – Bol som uvedený do omylu. (= úmyselne nechceme povedať, kto bol činiteľ deja, kto nás uviedol do omylu)

precvičte si pasív: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1870

Tense	Active	Passive
Simple Present	Peter builds a house.	A house is built by Peter.
Simple Past	Peter built a house.	A house was built by Peter.
Present Perfect	Peter has built a house.	A house has been built by Peter.
Past Perfect	Peter had built a house.	A house had been built by Peter.
will-future	Peter will build a house.	A house will be built by Peter.
going to-future	Peter is going to build a house in summer.	A house is going to be built in summer by Peter.

27 February

REVISION: PRESENT PERFECT and PASSIVE + BIOGRAPHIES - orally without using any notes+ inventions

PRESENT PERFECT

http://gymnolearn.euweb.cz/index.php?act=test&lang=aj&chapter=tenses&exf=cv1&sub=prespersim

http://gymnolearn.euweb.cz/index.php?act=test&lang=aj&chapter=tenses&exf=cv2&sub=prespersim

http://gymnolearn.euweb.cz/index.php?act=test&lang=aj&chapter=tenses&exf=cv3&sub=prespersim

PASSIVE

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/passiv.htm

Monday 13the February -deadline by 7:00 PM

A Biography (Writing section 116/ex. c). My mother/father/gradma/grandpa

WB 64/2 Grammar ex. b, c

10 February

WB 63/2 Grammar ex. a

1 invention (who, when, why?)

PASSIVE

Tense	Active	Passive
Simple Present	Peter builds a house.	A house is built by Peter.
Simple Past	Peter built a house.	A house was built by Peter.
Present Perfect	Peter has built a house.	A house has been built by Peter.
Past Perfect	Peter had built a house.	A house had been built by Peter.
will-future	Peter will build a house.	A house will be built by Peter.
going to-future	Peter is going to build a house in summer.	A house is going to be built in summer by Peter.

9 FEB

Grammar bank 145/10A ex. a (Passive)

8 Feb

SB 74-75 2 DIRECTIONS 3 Asking how to get there: learn all the phrases

7 February

1 Writing section page 116/Complete the sentences using the correct forms of verbs.

2 Write a biography of an actor/actress, a singer on an extra paper according the instruction in Writing section, page 116/ex.c

3 Learn Bob Marley and Ziggy Marley - biographies

4 Revise Phobias

Grammar bank 143/9B, ex. a, b

Present perfect simple
(Predprítomný čas jednoduchý)

Je to čas, ktorý spája minulosť s prítomnosťou. Označuje aktivity, ktoré buď prebehli v minulosti a nejakým spôsobom súvisia s prítomnosťou alebo začali v minulosti a pretrvávajú do prítomnosti.

1/ Ako tvoríme predprítomný čas jednoduchý

Tvoríme ho pomocným slovesom "have / has (v 3. os. jed. čísla)" v spojení s trpným príčastím plnovýznamového slovesa.

a) oznamovacie vety

oznamovacie vety

Pozor !!!

V bežnej neformálnej komunikácii sa používa skrátený tvar pomocného slovesa:
have -> have -> 've (z pôvodného "have" vypadla slabika "ha" a nahradili sme ju apostrofom )
Pr.:
I've done it
We've already asked

has -> has -> 's

Pr.:
He's been there.
My brother's left.

b) opytovacie vety bez opytovacieho slova

opyt vety bez opyt slova

c) opytovacie vety s opytovacím slovom

opytovacie vety s opyt. slovom

d) záporné vety

Zaporne vety

2/ Použitie jednoduchého predprítomného času

označuje deje, ktoré majú svoj (pôvod) začiatok v minulosti a pokračujú resp. platia aj v súčasnosti. Spájajú minulosť s prítomnosťou a často s nimi používame nasledovné časové príslovky: before now, so far, up till now, up to the present, It's the first time ..., ever, never, not...ever, since, for

past -------------------------------> present

Pr.:
She has never eaten a mango before. (Ešte nikdy predtým nejedla mango. - hovorím to v súčasnosti a mám na mysli obdobie od minulosti až k momentu prehovoru)
Tom hasn't been home since he was a boy.
I've lived here for 5 years.
I've planted about 20 bushes so far this morning. (do dnes rána)

Pozor!!! Všimnite si rozdiel pri zmene časov:

I've lived here for 5 years. - žijem tu už 5 rokov (stále)
I lived here for 5 years. - žil som tu, ale už tu nebývam
I am here for 5 weeks. - chystám sa tu zostať 5 týždňov
I've been here for 5 weeks. - som tu už 5 týždňov
deje, ktoré sa uskutočnili v presne nešpecifikovanom čase resp. nie je dôležité, kedy sa odohrali, ale podstatné je, že vôbec prebehli. Zaujímajú nás skôr ich dôsledky. Používajú sa bez časových prísloviek alebo s príslovkami:
Pr.:
Have you written that letter? (zaujíma ma výsledok činnosti t.j. či je napísaný)
Has he invited his parents for the party? (chcem vedieť, či prídu t.j. aký je dôsledok tejto aktivity)

Ale

Did he invite his parents for the party last week? (zaujíma ma nie dôsledok ale čas, kedy ich pozval)

Príslovky typické pre tento druh deja:
I've just arrived. - just stojí vždy za "have/has"
He's recently arrived from London.
I've already done it. - already sa používa len v oznamovacích vetách a stojí vždy za "have/has"
Have you passed your driving test yet ? - yet sa používa len v otázkach a záporoch
I haven't passed my driving test yet.
I still haven't passed my driving test.
opakované deje, ktoré začali v minulosti a opakujú sa aj v prítomnosti, alebo predpokladáme, že sa budú uskutočňovať aj naďalej. Používame s nimi príslovky often, frequently, three/four/many times
Pr.:
She has always worked hard. - vždy pracovala ťažko a aj bude
I've watched him on TV for several times. - videl som ho v TV niekoľkokrát a je predpoklad, že ho ešte uvidím.

Since alebo for?

Since - používame s časovými výrazmi, ktoré označujú konkrétny bod na časovej osi

Since alebo for
He`s lived here since 1998.
We`ve known each other since our childhood.
I haven`t seen him since he left.
prekladáme "od / odkedy"

He`s lived here for 15 years.
We`ve known each other for a long time.
I haven`t seen him for two weeks.
prekladáme "už"

http://gymnolearn.euweb.cz/index.php?act=test&lang=aj&chapter=tenses&exf=cv1&sub=prespersim

http://gymnolearn.euweb.cz/index.php?act=test&lang=aj&chapter=tenses&exf=cv2&sub=prespersim

http://gymnolearn.euweb.cz/index.php?act=test&lang=aj&chapter=tenses&exf=cv3&sub=prespersim

TALK ABOUT PHOBIAS using words related to fears and DANGEROUS ANIMALS using conditional II
CONDITIONALS I and II - Grammar bank + WB
Revise PHRASES WITH GET in Vocabulary bank 159 + WB 51/ 2 Vocabulary + CONFUSING VERBS in VOCAB. bank page 160 + WB 53
PHOBIAS using words related to fears and DANGEROUS ANIMALS using conditional II

LEARN VOCABULARY + definitions: NATURAL DISASTERS
LEARN PHRASES WITH GET in Vocabulary bank 159 + WB 51/ 2 Vocabulary + Confusing verbs in VOCAB. bank page 160 + WB 53 + Conditional I WB 52
SB 66-67 REVISION - Grammar, vocabulary...

1 Vocabulary bank: phrases with GET, confusing verbs - test

2 LEARN HEALTH CARE from the worksheet: 2 Human body, Stress and fitness + At the doctor´s ... + the text below Health Care

PRACTISE: Conditionals = podmienkové vety

nulový kondicionál si môžete precvičiť v nasledovnom cvičení https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions1stedition/preint_unit_page/unit6/grammar/exercise2?cc=sk&selLanguage=sk

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-conditional-exercise-1.html

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional-exercise-1.html

Conditional sentences

Conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English as a second language.

Watch out:

Which type of conditional sentences is it?
Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)?

There are three types of conditional sentences.

type	condition
I	condition possible to fulfill
II	condition in theory possible to fulfill
III	condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

1. Form

type	if-clause	main clause
I	Simple Present	will-future or (Modal + infinitive)
II	Simple Past	would + infinitive *
III	Past Perfect	would + have + past participle *

type	if clause	main clause
I	If I study,	I will pass the exam.
II	If I studied,	I would pass the exam.
III	If I had studied,	I would have passed the exam.

type	main clause	if-clause
I	I will pass the exam	if I study.
II	I would pass the exam	if I studied.
III	I would have passed the exam	if I had studied.

type		Examples
		long forms	short/contracted forms
I	+	If I study, I will pass the exam.	If I study, I'll pass the exam.
I	-	If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam.	If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.
II	+	If I studied, I would pass the exam.	If I studied, I'd pass the exam.
II	-	If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam.	If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.
III	+	If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.	If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.
III	-	If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.	If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

afford	convince	intend*	regret+
advise*	continue*	learn	remember+
agree	dare	like+	remind
allow*	decide	long	require
appear	deserve	love*	seem
arrange	enable	manage	start*
ask	encourage	mean+	struggle
attempt*	expect	need+	swear
(be) able	fail	offer	teach
beg	forbid	order	tell
begin*	force	permit	threaten
care	forget+	persuade	trouble
choose	happen	plan	try+
cause	hate+	prefer*	urge
challenge	help	prepare	volunteer
can't bear*	hesitate	pretend	wait
choose	hire	propose*	want
claim	hope	promise	warn
consent	instruct	refuse	wish

admit	deny	involve	recall
advise*	detest	keep	recollect
allow*	dislike	like+	recommend
anticipate	endure	love*	regret+
appreciate	enjoy	mention	remember+
avoid	escape	mean+	resent
attempt*	excuse	mind	resist
begin*	fancy	miss	risk
can't bear*	finish	need+	start*
can't help	forget+	permit*	stop
consider	forgive	postpone	suggest
contemplate	hate+	practise	try+
continue*	imagine	prefer*	understand
delay	intend*	propose*	(be) worth

1. stupeň	2. stupeň	3. stupeň
	Prípona -er	Prípona -est
quick	quicker	the quickest
easy	easier*	the easiest*
big	bigger**	the biggest**

positive	comparative	superlative
dirty	dirtier	dirtiest
easy	easier	easiest
happy	happier	happiest
pretty	prettier	prettiest

positive	comparative	superlative	comment
large	larger	largest	leave out the silent -e
big	bigger	biggest	Double the consonant after short vowel
sad	sadder	saddest	Double the consonant after short vowel
dirty	dirtier	dirtiest	Change -y to -i (consonant before -y)
shy	shyer	shyest	Here -y is not changed to -i. (although consonant before -y)

positive	comparative	superlative	comment
good	better	best
bad	worse	worst
much	more	most	uncountable nouns
many	more	most	countable nouns
little	less	least
little	smaller	smallest

positive	comparative	superlative
clever	cleverer / more clever	cleverest / most clever
common	commoner / more common	commonest / most common
likely	likelier / more likely	likeliest / most likely
pleasant	pleasanter / more pleasant	pleasantest / most pleasant
polite	politer / more polite	politest / most polite
quiet	quieter / more quiet	quietest / most quiet
simple	simpler / more simple	simplest / most simple
stupid	stupider / more stupid	stupidest / most stupid
subtle	subtler / more subtle	subtlest / most subtle
sure	surer / more sure	surest / most sure

positive	comparative	superlative	comment
far	farther	farthest	distance
far	further	furthest	distance or time
late	later	latest
	latter	x
	x	last
old	older	oldest	people and things
old	elder	eldest	people (family)
near	nearer	nearest	distance
near	x	next	order

	Vzťažné zámeno nahradzuje podmet vedľajšej vety (nemôžeme z vety vynechať)	Vzťažné zámeno nahradzuje predmet vedľajšej vety (môžeme z vety vynechať)	Vlastníctvo (nemôžeme zámeno z vety vynechať)
	WHO / THAT	WHO / WHOM / THAT	WHOSE
používame pre životné podstatné mená (hl. pre ľudí)	The man who / thatlives opposite has just died.	She is the woman (who / that / whom) I met at the office.	That’s the lady whosehusband has died.
	WHICH / THAT	WHICH / THAT	WHOSE / OF WHICH
používame pre neživotné podstatné mená (hl. veci) a zvieratá	A camel is an animalwhich / that lives in hot countries.	The car (which / that) I bought is very old.	That’s the golf clubwhose interior / the interior of which is being reconstructed.

formálnejšie	menej formálne
the chair on which you’re sitting	the chair which you’re sitting on

formálnejšie	menej formálne
There were only a few students to whom the young lady spoke.	There were only a few students who the young lady spoke to.

formálnejšie	menej formálne
This is the woman with whose daughter I worked.	This is the woman whose daughter I worked with.

positive	comparative	superlative
clean	cleaner	cleanest
new	newer	newest
cheap	cheaper	cheapest

positive	comparative	superlative
clean	cleaner	cleanest
new	newer	newest
cheap	cheaper	cheapest

ČAS	WHEN	The day when I first saw you …
MIESTO	WHERE	The country where my mother was born is …
PRÍČINA	WHY	That’s the reason why it happened.

	positive	negative	question
I	I am going to speak.	I am not going to speak.	Am I going to speak?
you / we / they	You are going to speak.	You are not going to speak.	Are you going to speak?
he / she / it	He is going to speak.	He is not going to speak.	Is he going to speak

Long forms	Contracted forms
I was playing football.	not possible
You were playing football.
He was playing football.

Long forms	Contracted forms
I was not playing football.	I wasn't playing football.
You were not playing football.	You weren't playing football.
He was not playing football.	He wasn't playing football.

Long forms	Contracted forms
Was I playing football?	not possible
Were you playing football?
Was he playing football?

896103

IV. GMT ANJ

Film Review

Structure of a film review

Predložkové väzby

Simple Past – Present Perfect Simple

Form

Certain time in the past or just / already / yet?

Certain event in the past or how often so far?

Emphasis on action or result?

Signal Words

COLOUR THEORY:

WATCH!!!!!!!

Colour psychology

2D and 3D GRAPHICS

MAKING A GOOD LAYOUT

Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468)

Article - Model answer 1

Article - Model question 2

Article - Model answer 2

Article- Model question 3

Articles wanted

Article - Model answer 3

Present perfect simple (Predprítomný čas jednoduchý)

1/ Ako tvoríme predprítomný čas jednoduchý

a) oznamovacie vety

b) opytovacie vety bez opytovacieho slova

c) opytovacie vety s opytovacím slovom

d) záporné vety

2/ Použitie jednoduchého predprítomného času

Since alebo for?

Conditional sentences

1. Form

2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

3. Examples (if-clause at the end)

4. Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

Verb Patterns (slovesné vzorce)

10 Rules of Web Design

Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468)

Inventions

First printed books

Comparatives and Superlatives

Grammatical constructions used for comparing adjectives

1. Comparison with -er/-est

1.1. Adjectives with one syllable

1.2. Adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

1.2.1. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y

1.2.2. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

1.2.3. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

1.2.4. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow

1.3. Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est

2. Comparison with more – most

3. Irregular adjectives

4. Special adjectives

5. Difference in meaning with adjectives

Grammatical constructions used for comparing adjectives

1. Comparison with -er/-est

1.1. Adjectives with one syllable

1.2. Adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

1.2.1. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y

1.2.2. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

1.2.3. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

1.2.4. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow

1.3. Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est

2. Comparison with more – most

3. Irregular adjectives

4. Special adjectives

5. Difference in meaning with adjectives

Predprítomný čas (present perfect)

Vzťažné vety (relative clauses)

Signal Words

Form of going to Future

1. Use of the Past Continuous

1.1. actions were in progress at special time in the past

1.2. two actions were happening at the same time (the actions do not influence each other)

1.3. together with Simple Past

1.4. repeated actions irritating the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)

2. Signal words

3. Form

4. Examples

Present perfect simple
(Predprítomný čas jednoduchý)