2020148

• • • Všeobecné informácie
    • I.TMT-ANJ
    • II.TMT-ANJ
    • III.G-ANJ
    • III.G-KAJ
    • III.GMT-ANJ
    • III.GMT-KAJ
    • IV.G-ANJ
    • IV.G-KAJ
    • IV.GMA-ANJ
    • IV.GMA-KAJ
    • Krúžok Easy English
    • Specific terminology

• • • • III.GMT-KAJ

      • UČEBNICE

        Konverzácia v ANJ Yes B1, autorky Andrea Bilíková a Soňa Kondelová

        Maturita ANGLIČTINA ZÁKLADNÁ ÚROVEŇ s CD a DVD

        The copy of YES B1 is possible to find here for further reference:  yes-b1.pdf

        Táto kniha neobsahuje všetky témy, je potrebné kúpiť si novú verziu, pokladajte túto možnosť za dočasné riešenie.

        SLOVNÍK S BRITSKOU AJ AMERICKOU VÝSLOVNOSŤOU: en.oxforddictionaries.com

         

        Health Care

         

        More and more people today start to realise that good health means a longer and happier life. That is why they take better care of their health than before.

         

        Most kinds of medicine begin when you’re ill. Preventive medicine begins when you’re well. The idea is very simple. If you make your body strong and healthy, then you won’t become ill. There are three ways to do this. They are:

         

        -  diet / nutrition

        -  sleep and rest (relaxation)

        -  handling stress

        -  exercise

        -  health care

         

        For many people, bad health begins with a bad diet. Some eat the wrong kind of food. Others eat too much or too little. It’s not surprising that people like this often become ill. On the other hand, people concerned about their health eat healthier food. They try to eat regularly, avoid eating chips, hamburgers, food in tins and packets. Instead, they try to eat fresh fruit and vegetables, brown bread, fish and white meat and reduce the amount of salt, fat, and sugar.

         

        Modern life is full of pressure and problems. Some people can control these. They sleep well, enjoy life, don’t worry very much and try to avoid stressful situations as much as possible. They know how to relax and that relaxation helps the body to rest and repair itself. Others are the opposite. They sleep badly, don’t enjoy life and worry all the time. People like this are suffering from stress. Stress is a kind of illness itself and it can lead to many others.

         

        Exercise is very important for good health. Without it the body becomes slow and fat. It also becomes weak and less able to fight illness. Unfortunately, modern life makes it very easy to be lazy.

         

        When we are ill, we usually see a doctor (GP – general practitioner). The doctor examines our body, asks about the symptoms and usually prescribes some medication, which is usually available on prescription in a pharmacy. In some cases we need to make an appointment with a specialist. When the illness is too serious to be treated at home, we are taken to hospital and sometimes even undergo surgery.

         

        People who are employed pay their health insurance monthly. They do not need to pay for basic health care and basic medication. When they want extra care or special treatment, they have to pay the extra costs. Some people decide to go to a private health care establishment, usually for surgical interventions, delivery or dental care.

         

        Everybody goes through various diseases during their childhood and adult life. Most of the diseases are not serious and do not take a long time to cure because we have efficient medication against them. Such diseases are flu, tuberculosis, or scarlet fever. However, there are diseases which we have problems to cure or cannot cure at all yet, such as cancer, AIDS or heart attacks.

         

        A healthy lifestyle, prevention and personal responsibility for our health can help us avoid possible dangers. Many people care about their health, go to the doctor for check-ups, get eye exams done, weigh themselves regularly and see the dentist twice a year. Others still need to learn that good health means a longer and happier life and that they need to care about themselves.

         

        Shopping and services

        Services:

        What services can people use?

        • In Britain, lots of people take the washing to the laundry. In Slovakia people do it at home because everybody has a washing machine, but people use dry-cleaner´s.
        • When we want to have our hair cut, we go to the hairdresser´s. She can wash our hair, cut it, dye and dry it or do a special styling. We can either visit her in her salon or we can find a hairdresser who comes to our home. Men go to the barber´s where they can have their face shaved and hair cut.
        • Women like going to beauty salons and nail studios for manicure and pedicure.
        • When you need glasses or have your eyes checked, you can go to the optician´s. There is a variety of glasses of different shapes and colours, contact lenses or sunglasses, or goggles for cycling and skiing.
        • If you need a professional photo, you may go to the photographer´s. If you have your own digital photo, you can bring it on a CD to the shop or you can send it to the shop on the internet. Then you get your photos by post.
        • If your car is broken, it can be repaired in a car repair shop.
        • When clocks or watches are broke down they can be repaired at the watchmaker´s.
        • Estate agent´s offer houses, flats to people who want to lease or buy them.
        • When we want to go on holiday we can buy one at the travel agent´s.
        • Post service delivers us letters, packages or money. Nowadays, the post service is not as important as it used to be because people use email.
        • If we don´t like cleaning we can pay an agency for cleaning our flat (they vacuum our carpets, dust our furniture, clean the windows or do the laundry and do the ironing). This is not very usual in our country.

        Shopping:

        1.       What kind of shops do you know and what can you buy there?

        Butcher´s – meat (pork, beef, chicken), ham, salami, cheese, minced meet etc.

        Baker´s – bread, rolls, buns, doughnuts, cakes, cookies

        Grocer´s – all kinds of food (milk, yoghurt, butter, cheese, soups, sugar, oil, drinks)

        Shoe shop – shoes, boots, sandals, slippers, trainers, socks, stockings

        Clothes shop – sweaters, T-shirts, shirts, jeans, tops, underwear, gloves, caps

        Off licence – liquors

        Bookshop – books, textbooks, dictionaries, calendars

        Florist´s – flowers, flower pots

        Greengrocer´s - fruit and vegetables

        Chemist´s – shampoo, cosmetics, detergents, washing powder, handkerchiefs etc.

        Stationer´s – notebooks, pencils, pens, birthday cards

        Newsagent´s – newspapers, magazines

        Pharmacy (Chemist´s) – medicines, remedies, herbal tea

        Goldsmith´s – rings, bracelets, chains, watches

        2.       Describe a typical shopping:

        We take a shopping basket or a trolley and go into the shop. There are lots of shelves with products so that we can choose what we want. In some shops (goldsmith´s or butcher´s) there are counters and the shop assistants show us and hand us the goods. In clothes shops there are changing rooms (fitting rooms) where we can try the clothes on. Then we go to the cash register. We can pay in cash or by card. After having paid we get a receipt that gives us a guarantee. If there is something wrong with the goods, we can take the goods back and get a refund.

        3.        Shopping malls

        For many people shopping malls are a place where they spend their free time. They have long opening hours and they are open at weekends. There are lots of shops concentrated in a big hall. Most of them are clothes shops and boutiques, some shops with jewellery, accessories and cosmetics. In most shopping malls you can find fast food stalls and cafés, children´s court and sometimes also a cinema. People often go window shopping there. (Window shopping is browsing shops when you do not want to buy anything. You are only watching.)

         

        4.       Advertising

        Advertisements are a part of our lives today. We can see them on TV, on billboards, in magazines, on the internet. Ads want to persuade us to buy something. They mostly cost a lot of money – that is why advertised products are more expensive. Advertisements are successful because people mostly choose a trademark which they know (from TV, radio, billboards). Lots of things are advertised: bank products, all kinds of goods, food, fast food restaurants, cars etc.

         Some people think that billboards are dangerous because they attract attention of drivers  and then, drivers do not concentrate on driving.

         Advertisements on TV are called „commercials“. Most TV stations put commercials between films.

         

        5.       Your task: Who does the shopping in your family? How often and where do you buy food?

        What is your favourite shop? How much do you spend in shops per month? What do you spend most money on? Do you like advertisements and why /why not?

        Are you satisfied with shopping facilities in your town?

        4. Housing (bývanie)

        - my home (address, part of the town, description of your house/flat, domestic appliances – domáce spotrebiče, furniture - nábytok), neighbourhood (susedstvo, sídlisko, blízke okolie), facilities (zariadenia) in my neighbourhood

        - housing in towns and villages – advantages and disadvantages (výhody a nevýhody)

        - ideal housing (your ideas about your own house or flat)

        - compare housing in Slovakia and Great Britain and the USA

        We all are very much influenced by (ovplyvnení) the place where we grow up (vyrastať). Our whole life is marked by (poznačený) places where we live, stay or work. There comes a time when we want to settle down (usadiť sa) and create our own home. Every one of us has a dream home in a dream country which would correspond (zhodovať sa) to all our needs and desires (túžby). In real life we try to make the best possible compromise.

                        Living in towns and cities has both advantages (výhody) and disadvantages (nevýhody). On the one hand (na jednej strane), there are many job opportunities (pracovné príležitosti), better schooling possibilities, a rich social life, and a lot of sports facilities (športové zariadenia). There are many cultural events held, such as concerts, art exhibitions, operas, theatre performances. People can go out to cafés, pubs, and night clubs. There are lots of shops, shopping malls or shopping centres where one can buy all sorts of goods (Tovar) under one roof (strecha). There are usually a few local hospitals which provide (poskytovať) a high standard of health care. On the other hand (na druhej strane), city inhabitants (-citizens, obyvatelia mesta) live in a polluted (znečistený), noisy, crowded (preplnený) and hectic place. The air in towns and cities is often polluted by fumes (dym) from factory chimneys (komín) and cars. There is often a lot of mess and dirt in the streets. A lot of city people live in housing estates (sídliská), which is not an ideal place to raise (vychovávať) children. The most serious problem of towns and cities is a high level of criminality caused by pickpockets (vreckári), shoplifters (vykrádači obchodov), burglars (lupiči), murderers (vrahovia) and drug dealers.

                        In the past, there was a strong tendency to move to towns. Nowadays, more and more people move back to the country where they look for peace and a healthy way of living. The houses in village are cheaper than the ones in towns.

                        Many Slovaks live in flats. A flat is situated in the same building as other flats, often forming part of a block of flats (panelák) or town house (bytovka). During the communist period a lot of huge (obrovský) housing estates (sídliská) were built in our country. These days, a lot of them are being reconstructed and new ones are being built but not as many as before. A flat may be very large with nearly as much space as a house or it may be just one room with a kitchen and a bathroom. Most of the flats in Slovakia are two-, three- or four-room flats.

                        British people prefer to live in houses rather than flats. There are several types of houses in Britain: terraced houses (radové domy), back-to-back houses (domy, ktoré majú spoločnú zadnú stenu, houses which share their back wall), town houses, semi-detached houses (dvojdomy, houses which have one wall in common), detached (samostaný) houses and bungalows (single-storey detached house). Terraced houses are built in a row (rad), back-to-back houses share a back wall, and semi-detached houses are joined (spojený) together by one common (spoločný) wall. A detached house stands by itself and a bungalow is built on one level. Slovak houses are usually quite big and the older ones are sometimes shared (deliť sa o niečo) by two families – grandparents, their children and grandchildren.

                        Slovaks and British people love gardening. Slovaks tend to (inklininovať k niečomu) have bigger gardens behind (za) their houses and they spend quite a lot of time growing (pestovať) vegetables and fruit. There is a lot of work around the house throughout (počas celého roka) the whole year. Both Slovaks and British are very skillful (zručný) and do a lot of work themselves.

                        A cottage/cabin (chalupa), a small traditional country house, is quite popular in our country. Some families have cottages near woods (lesy) or lakes (jazerá) and like to spend their weekends there. British people also like country houses. Some British families have them in France.

                        A typical British house is set in/is situated in (je umiestnený v) a small garden and has two storeys (poschodia). It is usually designed for a family of four or five people. There is a hall, a front room, a back room, a dining room (jedáleň), an utility room (špajza), a kitchen and a storage space downstairs (dole, na prízemí). A garage is normally attached to the house. Upstairs (hore, na poschodí), there is one big bedroom and two smaller ones, a bathroom and a lavatory (- toilet, WC). Parents usually have bedroom with en-suite bathroom

                        The furniture (nábytok) in British and Slovak rooms is not very different nowadays. The living room has a sofa (sedačka) and armchairs (kreslá), a wall unit (stenová zostava nábytku) with the hi-fi system, television and video, a bookcase and a coffee table (servírovací, nízky stolík). There is a carpet on the floor to make the room warm and comfortable (pohodlný). Most of the British houses have a fireplace (kozub) because of cold weather. The kitchen furniture includes the kitchen cupboards (linka), sink (výlevka, umývadlo v kuchyni), cooker (šporák) and fridge (chladnička) and freezer (mrazák). They are usually built‑in (vstavaný). There is also a table with chairs or stools (stolička bez operadla, stolček). The floor in the kitchen is often tiled (vykachličkovaná). Slovak families usually have their washing machine in the bathroom, the British in the kitchen. The bedroom has a double bed, built-in wardrobes (vstavané šatníkové skrine), dressing table (toaletný stolík) with a mirror on the wall and a stool in front of the table.

                        In the USA an average American family lives in a large house with many rooms. In large American cities, many people live in downtown apartments (flats). Like the British, Americans do not usually stay in the same house their whole lives. Aome families like to move to other parts of the country and change houses every 10 years.

                        As the standard of living (životná úroveň) is generally very high in the USA, the average (priemerný) American family can live comfortably (pohodlne) and well. Many wealthy (zámožný) people have very large houses with many rooms, tennis courts and swimming pools. In the centre of big American cities, many people live in apartments (flats, byty) situated in (umiestnený v) large apartment buildings. The houses are well-furnished (dobre zariadený) and equipped (vybavený) with modern household appliances (domáce spotrebiče). Each child in the family has his/her own room. Like the British people, Americans do not usually stay (zostať) in the same house their whole lives. Some families like to move (sťahovať sa) to other parts of the country and change houses more than once in a decade (desaťročie).

                        Both in Slovakia and Great Britain, it is not easy to buy one’s own flat or a house. In both countries, the prices of property (majetok, nehnuteľnosť) are extremely high. It is impossible for a young family to buy a flat without the help of parents or a mortgage (hypotéka). In order to buy a house, a family does not need to have all the money – there are many banks from which it is possible to borrow (požičať) up to 90 per cent of the value (hodnota) of the house as a mortgage. Almost half of all British families own (vlastniť) the houses in which they live. A lot of them pay off (splácať) the mortgage for many years after moving into a house. In Slovakia more and more people take advantage of (využiť niečo) the mortgage too. Some take out a loan (brať si pôžičku) for the reconstruction of their flats or houses.

                        Homelessness (bezdomovstvo) is a big social problem in many countries. A lot of homeless people (bezdomovci) are alcoholics, mentally-ill (duševne chorí) or just unemployed people left (ponechaní) without means of living (prostriedky na živobytie). In our country more and more asylum houses (azylové domy) are built for them.

         

        Answer these questions:

         

        1. Is it necessary to have all the money to buy a house in Britain? Explain.
        2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in towns?
        3. What is the difference between a flat and a house?
        4. What are the basic types of houses in Britain?
        5. What does a typical British house look like?
        6. What kinds of gardens do the houses in Slovakia normally have?
        7. Where do the majority of American people live?
        8. Do Americans stay in the same house all their lives?
        9. Compare the household equipment an average American and Slovak family has.
        10. Why is it complicated to buy a house or a flat?
        11. Describe your house or flat. (I live in a four- room flat. It is on the fifth floor. I live in the housing estate called
        12. What is your idea of a perfect home?
        13. Translate these words into Slovak: armchair, bookcase, bedroom, carpet, bunk bed, double bed, single bed, en-suite bathroom, sauna, winter garden, garage, front door, back door, loo, rug, walls are painted white, dining room, hall, refrigerator, freezer, kettle, oven, cooker, hoover, lamp, wardrobe, chest of drawers, hanger, poster, picture, toilet, bathroom, living room, kitchen, bedroom, dishwasher, sink, coffee table, sofa, water tap, windowsill, curtains, bedside lamp, remote control, switch, to plug in, to turn the TV on, to turn off the computer, blinds, bedside/night table.
        14. Describe your room. Use the phrases given: there is + jednotné číslo /there are + množné číslo

         

        I have/don’t have my own room. I share my room with my brother. My room is painted green/bright orange/light green.

        Opposite the door there is/are ….. On the right/left there are/is …. I have got pictures, posters, paintings on the walls. …is next to (je pri) my bed, …..is behind (za), under (pod) on (na), floating floor (plávajúca podlaha), cupboards/wardrobe, shelf/bookshelf (shelves). On the windowsill I have pots with flowers, I have/don’t have curtains, blinds. I like my room because….. I spend/don’t spend a lot of time in my room. In my room I….. (listen to music, watch TV, use computer, go on the Internet, play games, chat with friends, text/phone my friends, have a mess, make love, read books, do my homework, paint/draw pictures, talk to my friends, play with my sister, have a lot of toys, fluffy toys, pillows, electronic gadgets…… . If you opened my wardrobe/drawer, you would find a complete mess, lots of papers, pencils, clothes, shoes, t-shirts, tops, dresses, board games (spoločenské hry), earings, make-up staff, brushes, toiletries, love letters …….

         

        Veľa -Lots of, a lot of (kladné vety, počítateľné aj nepočítateľné podstatné mená.

        Veľa - Many + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle (zápor, otázka)

        Veľa - Much + nepočítateľné podstatné čísla (zápor, otázka)

        Nejaký, niektorý - Some + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle a nepočítateľné podstatné mená v kladných vetách

                        + otázky keď niečo ponúkam: Would you like some tea? Would you like something to eat?

        Nejaký, žiadny - Any + nepočítateľné  a počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle v otázke a zápore!

        Málo - Little + nepočítateľné podstatné mená (málo), a little (trošku)

        Málo - Few + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle. (málo); a few - zopár

        V jednotnom čísle počítateľných podstatných mien používame a/an!!!!!!

        Some – something, somewhere, sometimes,

        Any – anything, anywhere, anytime.

        Doplň:

        I’ve got …………………………….. good friends but I haven’t got …………….best friend.

        There are …………………..nice pictures of my classmates on the wall. ……………..of them I like very much.

        There are …………….flower pots on the windowsill. I don’t have ……………time.

        Would you like …………sugar into your coffee? Yes, but just ………………. .

        There isn’t ……………… I hate about my school. Well, maybe ………….things.

        …………… Slovak people live in flats. There isn’t ……………milk in the fridge.

        I’ve got ……………….news for you.

        Have you heard ……………….. of Pete? I haven’t been in touch with him for …………… weeks.

        Have you got ………….money on you? Yes, but just …………….

        Just ……………….. of my subject I like but most of them I loathe.

        In towns and cities there ……. ……………………….sports and cultural facilities, but just …………… places where you can be alone.

        In Bratislava there ……  ………… museums, art galleries, theatres, concert halls and restaurants.

        There …………… too ………….. pubs and cafés in villages, just a church and one local pub.

        … friend in need is … friend indeed.

        … lot of my homework I do at school. Not ……… of it I do at home.

        I have never cheated in ………….. tests. …………… I passed but not too ……………… .

        My English teacher is absolutely horrible because she gives us …………….. homework and I don’t have …….. time to do it on time.

        We have been through ……….. of our final exams topic but there are still ………………… left.

        Is there ……..thing I can help you with? No, thanks a lot. I haven’t got …….left.

        I am living with my friends until I find ……………………… to live

        …………………….can learn English, it just a matter of will.

        I don’t want to tell you ……………………..

        SPORT AND GAMES

        We should distinguish (rozlišovať) between sport and games. Sport includes physical activities in which people or teams play against each other and try to win. It also includes swimming, horse racing, climbing and athletics. Games are played between two people or two teams. A game is played according to a set of rules. There´s always the referee who decides who has won. The most popular games are football, rugby, ice hockey, basketball, volleyball, handball, baseball, tennis and golf.

            Sport can be divided into indoor and outdoor. Indoor sports can be practised all the year round but many of them such as cycling race, Mountaineering and most of aquatic sports like sailing, yachting, diving, wind-surfing and many others, depend on weather and therefore can be practised mostly in summer. For example swimming is a typical summer sport but it is possible to practise it all the year round in indoor pools. It includes breaststroke, backstroke, crawl and butterfly. Athletics is another typical indoor sport. It includes track and field events (Marathon race, long-distance run, cross-country run, relay-race) and sprinting events (hundred metre sprint, hurdle-race). Jumping and throwing are also athletic sports. Jumping includes high jump, long jump, triple jump, pole jump. Throwing includes hammer, discus, javelin, shot put. In winter sportsmen practise winter sports, such as skating, skiing, snow-boarding and tobogganing. Skiing includes giant slalom, downhill race or ski jumps. Skating can be divided into figure skating and speed skating.

            You can do sport as an amateur or a professional. Amateurs are people who love physical activity and they take part in sport for their own enjoyment or interest. Most of them play their sport because they want to be fit and healthy. There are lots of people who go jogging or fishing, play basketball, or go to fitness centres and sports clubs after work every day. Doing sport is relaxing for them. It makes them happy and feel good.

            On the other hand, sport is a job for many people. It brings them pleasure, helps them to be more disciplined and rely on themselves. It is not easy to become a top sportsman. You have to start when you are a child and be prepared to work hard. You should train several times a day. You should give up nights out with your friends and have a healthy lifestyle.

           Another group of people involved in sport are the fans. Many of them are not interested in doing any physical activity regularly but love watching sporting events, either on TV or at the stadium. When there is an important sporting event, like a world championship, people go home or to the stadium to watch their favourite sportsman or their national team. At the stadium they usually carry their national or team flag and sing songs to support their team. The streets are almost empty.

            People living in Great Britain are really sport-loving people. Each of them is interested in at least one sport or game. Games such as football, rugby, golf and tennis originated in Britain.

           Cricket is considered to be typically English. The British love it but it is very difficult game for foreigners to understand.

            The most popular game is football but the British call it soccer. In Britain football is a winter game. The Cup Final is the most important football match of the year and it is played at Wembley Stadium near London.

           Rugby is a very old game. It is played with an oval ball. Hands and feet can also be used.

          Individual games are popular as well. Tennis is played on a grasscourt or a hard court. The best champions are played at Wimbledon every year. They are watched by thousands of spectators and TV viewers all over the world.

           Golf is considered to be typically Scotish. It is a very popoular game with the people of all ages. Great Britain has many beautiful golf-courses.

         

         

        ART AND CULTURE - VOCABULARY  http://cleverland.webnode.sk/maturitny-kutik/

         

        aesthetic values                                                   estetické hodnoty

        enrich your mind                                                  obohatiť vašu myseľ

        national heritage                                                  národné dedičstvo

        please your senses                                              potešiť vaše zmysly

        imagination                                                           predstavivosť

        creativity                                                               tvorivosť

        influence                                                               vplyv

        bring joy                                                                prinášať radosť

        include                                                                 zahŕňať

        perform                                                                robiť predstavenie/vystupovať

        decorate                                                              ozdobiť

        consider                                                               považovať

        fan                                                                       fanúšik

        traditional costumes                                            kroje

        fairy tale                                                              rozprávka

        short story                                                           poviedka

        appropriate                                                         vhodný

        range                                                                  rozsah

        behaviour                                                            správanie

        distinguish                                                           rozlišovať

        hero                                                                    hrdina

        heroine                                                               hrdinka

        various types of performances                           rôzne typy predstavení

        world-known                                                       svetoznámy

        subtitles                                                              titulky

        be dubbed                                                          byť dabovaný

        be awarded                                                        byť ocenený

        achievement                                                      úspech

        cultural event                                                     kultúrna udalosť

        time consumin                                                  časovo náročný

        ball                                                                    bál/ples

        be held annually                                                konať sa ročne

        great popularity                                                 veľká popularita

        open-air cinemas                                              amfiteátre

        express                                                             vyjadriť

        fine art                                                               výtvarné umenie, hudba..

        director                                                              režisér

        masterpiece                                                       vrcholné dielo umelca

        work of art                                                          umelecké dielo

        be known for                                                      byť známy (čím)

        stage                                                                  javisko

        reflect                                                                 odrážať

        sculpture                                                            sochárstvo, socha

        impression                                                         dojem

        for instance                                                        napríklad

        throughout the whole Europe                            po celej Európe

         

         

        CULTURE AND ART

        
        ART

        1.verbal (We use words to expres our thoughts, opinions, feelings and ideas.)

        2. nonverbal (We use images, shapes or music to express our thoughts, opinions, feelings or ideas.)

        3. mixed (It is a combination of verbal and nonverbal art, e.g. in films, theatre performances, etc.)
         

        Culture and art are integral parts of the everyday life of people. They add aesthetic value to our lives, enrich our mind and please our senses. Culture and cultural life can be represented by music, literature, fine arts, art exhibitions and museum exhibits, by going to the cinema, theatre and concerts.

         

        Music can be someone’s hobby, profession or a part of the lifestyle. If you like classical music, you can enjoy a concert of a philharmonic orchestra in a concert hall or attend a festival. Opera lovers can chose from a list of opera performances in a theatre or opera house. Fans of different music styles - pop, rock, jazz, blues or country can enjoy the music at music festivals, concerts or simply listen to CDs. There are also people, who like folklore music. Folklore groups dressed in traditional costumes dance at folklore festivals from which the most famous is the one held in July in Východná.

         

        Going to the cinema is an important part of youth culture in today’s society. Young people love spending their free time with their friends and the cinema offers them that. After the film, they enjoy talking about the plot, cast and scenes they liked most over their favourite pizza.

         

        Going to the theatre is a social event for most people. Keen theatregoers, rarely teenagers or younger ones, can enjoy various types of theatre performances and usually choose the performance they want to see according to its director and cast.

         

        Those who like fine art enjoy going to art galleries to see exhibitions of classical or modern art that are held all year round. There are not many people who are keen on going to galleries these days, especially among teenagers. However, museums seem to be full of visitors as people seem to like to learn about the history of their region or country.

         

        How rich your cultural life is depends on both your interests and hobbies, as well as where you live. If you live in a large town, you have a good choice as cultural facilities are plentiful. There are several cinemas, in a large town you can find one or two theatres, many galleries, museums, concerts and festivals of different genres are held there. All you need to do is to decide where you’d like to go or what you’d like to see or sometimes you might need to buy a ticket in advance. That’s all.

         

        If you live in a small town or village, you don’t have such a good choice as there aren’t many cultural facilities. The only cultural event is a disco or ball which are held on special occasions several times a year. When people living in a village want to see a good film or theatre performance, they have to go to the nearest town which can be expensive and time consuming. The only choice for them is television, videos and possibly DVDs which are a bit cheaper and more convenient.

         

        Cultural events in the countryside are not that frequent. People who live in villages all their lives prefer gardening, visiting friends or watching TV. Many inhabitants of bigger cities are moving to villages, trying to get away from the busy city life. Those moving not too far from the city can still enjoy the cultural life the city offers.

         

        Culture and art challenge your imagination, influence you positively, bring joy to life, make your life more interesting and that’s why we should enjoy it at least from time to time no matter where we live.

         

         

        HOMEWORK ready on October 27th

        Please, revise information on how food can influence our behaviour and mood mentioned in the article Talk about Mood Food in English File, unit 1. Read also the text on food and eating habits in Yes book on pages 93-94.

        Prezentácia k téme: 05_FOOD.ppt

        Write down about your eating habits. Mention the following:

        • your breakfast, lunch and evening meal (dinner/supper)
        • Can you cook? If so, describe a meal you have recently cooked. If not, would you like to learn how to cook? Why? Why not? 
        • What are the pros/cons of being a vegetarian/vegan?
        • What is in your opinion on healthy and junk food?

         

        Here is additional text to the topic: B1Foodw.pdf

         

        FAMILY   

        Prezentácia k téme: 01_FAMILY.ppt

        Say Your name, age, date of birth, address, marital status, weekdays (daily routine) and weekends, important moments in your life.

        Speak about:

        • Members of your family (appearance – výzor, character, hobbies), housework
        • Your perfect partner, your vision of your own family
        • Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?

         

        A family usually consists of (pozostáva z) a mother, father and their children (siblings (súrodenci) – brother, sister), and grandparents (grandfather and grandmother) who live together in one home. They are members of an immediate family (najbližšia rodina). But a family doesn’t consist just of our immediate family. We have cousins, uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, mothers-in-law, fathers-in-law, sisters-in-law, brothers-in-law, who are members of our extended family (širšie príbuzenstvo).

        A functioning family should provide protection (ochrana), education, help and security (bezpečnosť) to all its members. Strong relationships (vzťahy) are often created between siblings (súrodenci), cousins, parents, aunts, uncles, grandparents and other relatives (príbuzní).

        All family members have some duties (povinnosti) and responsibilities (zodpovednosti). Parents should teach their children what is good and bad, how to solve problems (riešiť problem) in life, how to become an independent (nezávislý) person and care about (starať sa o koho) others. Democratic parents talk with their children and respect them. Strict parents (prísni rodičia) do not make compromises, which often creates a generation gap (generačná priepasť/rozdiel) between them and their own children. The main duty of children is learning and going to school. They should also help their parents with housework (domáce práce). (I do the shopping, I do the washing up, I tidy up my room, I take out the trash; my mum cooks, washes and dries the dishes, hoovers the floor, clears the table, sets the table, does the washing/washes the clothes, takes the dog for a walk; my father is responsible for feeding the dog, washing the windows, shoveling the snow (odhadzovanie snehu), washing the car, cleaning the toilet and bathroom; my sister’s duty is (povinnosťou mojej sestry je) to dust the furniture (utierať prach z nábytku), to hang out (vyvesiť) the clothes/washing, to put away books, to make her bed, to water the flowers, to watch my little brother (dávať pozor na malého brata) and sometimes she goes shopping with me and my mum.

        Modern European families are monogamous (monogamné) most of young people get married (sa vydáva/žení) in their late twenties or early thirties. Many young people live together in the same home but are not a husband and wife. This is called cohabitation (spolužitie “na divoko”). Older generations think this is not correct.

        The wedding (svadba) is a formal act and it takes place in a town hall (radnica) or in a church (kostol). The engaged couple(snúbenecký pár) exchange their wedding rings (obrúčky) and promise themselves (sľúbiť si navzájom) to live together in good and bad and in illness too. Nowadays, many couples are divorced (rozvedené). Their frequent reasons for a divorce are problems with trust (dôvera), money, living with parents and parents-in-law, alcohol, drugs, gambling (gamblerstvo) and unemployement (nezamestnanosť).

        When one of the parents dies, children stay with a single parent (jediný rodič). A woman who loses (stratí) her husband (manžel) is called a widow (vdova) and a man is called a widower (vdovec). When they get married again, the new parents are called step- parents (nevlastní rodičia) and their children are step-sisters and step-brothers. Sometimes, divorced parents get married once again. Bad relationships with new step-parents lead to (viesť k niečomu) problems and frequent arguments(časté hádky).

        Family life is different all around the world. In Slovakia many families meet together for special days, such as on birthdays, at weddings, feasts (hody/hostiny) and funerals (pohreby), graduation ceremonies (promócie). A family, a real home and relatives (príbuzní) are what we need for life. They always help us when we need them.

        Useful vocabulary to the topic:

        • Biography, address, date of birth, marital status (single-slobodný, married- ženatý/vydatá, divorced-rozvedený/á, widow-vdova, widower, single mother – slobodná matka, single parent family, bachelor [bečlr](starý mládenec), spinster (stará dievka), boy/girlfriend, fiancé (snúbenec) [fionsei] – man you plan to marry/fiancée – woman you plan to marry, engagement – zásnuby, engagement ring, to be engaged – byť zasnúbený, wedding – svadba, bridegroom –ženích, bride – nevesta, wedding ceremony, honey moon – svadobná cesta, marriage – manželstvo, orphan – sirota, husband, wife, parents, mother, father); nuclear family – people you live with (najbližšia rodina, mother, father, siblings), step (nevlastná)- mother, brother, sister, mother-in-law (svokra) ; extended family – all your relatives (príbuzní) – cousin, uncle, aunt, grandparents,
        • Important moments in your life (birth of your brother or sister, wedding anniversaries of your grandparents and parents, your birthday, family celebrations and holidays, moving from one place to another, the day when I went to school for the first time, the day when I learned that I had passed the talent exams and was accepted at the secondary school of arts, the day when I met my boyfriend/girlfriend, etc.)
        • Members of your family – appearance (výzor), character (vlastnosti, charakter), hobbies. O najbližšej rodine vedieť a aspoň nejakého bratranca, prípadne uja, tetu), describe your family tree (rodostrom)
        • Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?
        • Family relations –celebrations (oslavy, sviatky, narodeniny, Vianoce, Veľká Noc when all members of your family get together), your daily routine – weekday, weekend (čo robíš cez deň, čo cez víkendy – pozor, prítomný jednoduchý čas, dej sa opakuje) (I wake up/get up at 6.oo o’clock, make my bed, clean my teeth, wash my face, have a shower, get dressed, comb my hair, have breakfast, put on my coat, leave home  at 7.00, I go to school by bus, my mum takes me to school, it takes me about 30 minutes to get to school, my lessons start at... and usually finish at, I have/do not have lunch at school canteen, I come back home/get home at..., I have a rest, have something for my lunch, do my homework, help my mother, watch TV, draw, paint, prepare for school, revise for my exams, go out with my friends, read a book, listen to the music, have a bath, go to bed.
        • Generation gap (medzigeneračné rozdiely) – do your parents understand your problems, do they help you with them, do you talk to them about common things and about your relationships with your friends? Are they strict?
        • How do you help your parents – house chores (domáce práce) ( I do the washing up, I go shopping, I walk my dog, take out the rubbish, I do the hoovering, every day I make my bed, on Sundays I usually tidy up my room / clear up the mess in my room, I play with my younger sister, etc.) Ako sú rozdelené domáce práce, kto čo robí
        • Typical Slovak family, compare (porovnaj) your family life with family life in other countries (napr. In China  they have a single child policy; in less developed countries – all members of a family usually live together, in developed countries – when children grow up, they tend to move and live on their own.
        • Slovakia - typical Slovak family is a complete family (úplná rodina) with 2 children, often one of the parents is unemployed (nezamestnaný). They live in a family house in a village together with grandparents or they live in a town in a three-room flat or four-room flat in a housing estate (na sídlisku). Mother works in an office or in a shop and father is a driver or worker. They go on holiday once a year, usually to Croatia. But the number (počet) of incomplete (neúplných) families has increased (vzrástol), there are a lot of single parent families – usually mother and one child. There are a lot of divorces. People get divorced because they have problems with money, trust (dôvera), one of the partners has a love affair, they don’t understand each other, they have different interests, a husband is drug addict or alcoholic or gambler (hazardný hráč), they don’t love each other anymore. Families in towns do not live together, in villages it is common that 3 generations live together – grandparents, parents and their children, in Slovakia you can get married when you are 18, but in case there is a serious reason (e.g. pregnancy – tehotenstvo) you might get permission to get married starting with the age of 16. You can have a civil or churchwedding ceremony.
        • Great Britain – children live with their parents until they finish their schools, but then they move and live on their own. A lot of families consist of one parent; there are lots of single-parent families. People often get divorced and get married again. Children often visit their parents at weekends, they go on holiday together and they spend Christmas together.
        • The USA - children live with their parents until they finish their studies, but then they move and live on their own. They often live far away (veľmi ďaleko) from their parents, sometimes in a different state. Families usually get together on special days and occasions. They meet on Thanksgiving Day and eat roast turkey and vegetables. They have fun, they talk together and have family celebration. Families also meet at Christmas.
        • Orphan – a child whose parents are dead, an orphan lives in an orphanage or a foster home, it is difficult to adopt children in our society, you have to fill in a lot of forms and they (the authorities) check your family, living conditions, income.

         

        Otázky:

        1. What does family mean to you?
        2. What are the functions of a family?
        3. What are the main roles of children and parents in a family?
        4. What is cohabitation?
        5. Why do people get divorced?
        6. When does your family usually get together?
        7. Describe your mother (appearance, character, hobbies)
        8. Who are you closest to in your family and why? (kto ti je najbližší v rodine a prečo)
        9. Make the pairs from the following words. Example: mother-father

        Mother, brother, mother-in-law, aunt, niece, grandfather, daughter, sister-in-law, husband, father, sister, uncle, nephew, father-in-law, grandmother, wife, son, brother-in-law

        10. What do you think, what are the qualities of an ideal father and mother? Use the phrases and vocabulary below to help you.

        I think that an ideal father/mother should/shouldn’t be ……. (friendly, democratic, liberal, strict, helpful, reliable, emphatic, responsible)

        In my opinion ideal parents should/shouldn’t…. (listen to their children, talk to their children, make compromises, solve their children’s problems, buy their children what they want, spend weekends with their children, punish their children)

        Describing people – their appearance (opis ľudí – ich zovňajšok) How do they look like? 11. Describe 2 members of your family:

        Age: young; middle-aged (v strednom veku); older; elderly (postarší), he is in his ealy 30s (má asi do 35 rokov), she is in her mid 30s (má asi 35 rokov); they are in their late 30s (majú takmer 40 rokov); he is retired (je na dôchodku)

        Figure – build (postava): slim (štíhly); skinny (vychudnutý), thin (tenký, chudý), he is of medium build (je strednej postavy- ani chudý, ani tučný); he is well-built (je urastený); plump (bacuľatý); fat (tučný); overweight (obézny)

        Height (výška): small, tall, short; he is of medium height (je strednej výšky)

        Face (tvár): thin, chubby (bucľatý), round (okrúhla; oval (oválna) square (štvorcová); sun-tanned (opálená); pale (bledý), full lips (plné pery); thin lips; long/straight/turned up (vyvrátený) nose.

        Skin (pleť): dark (snedý, tmavý), fair (svetlý).

        Hair: long/short/straight (rovné)/curly (kučeravé) / wavy (vlnité); fringe (ofina), ponytail (vrkoč), spiky (na ježka), he is bald (on je plešatý), highlighted (melírované); dyed (farbené), blond, dark, fair (plavý, svetlý), grey, red, white.

        Clothes: he/she usually wears casual (neformálne), smart (elegantné), fashionable (módne), old-fashioned (staromódne), conservative, elegant, comfortable (pohodlné), scruffy (rozgajdané) clothes, he/she is always neat (upravený);

        Other features (iné znaky/črty): He wears glasses (nosí okuliare). He is scarred (je zjazvený). She has freckles (má pehy), he has a beard (bradu), moustache (fúzy), wrinkles (vrásky), he is unshaven (je neooholený).

        For those of you who prefer a simplyfied text click here: B1Family_w.pdf

        Prekvapenie na koniec - pre všetkých, ktorí si dali námahu dočítať text. Po kliknutí na nasledujúci link si môžte tento súbor stiahnuť rovno do mobilu a učiť sa maturitnú tému cestou z/do školy: 1.Family-NEW.docx