III.GMA KAJ
MY_CAPITAL_CITY(1).docx
my email address: katarina.privoznikova@gmail.com
dopisuje sa v stredu po vyučovaní
in case you are intrested in your final exam topics, find enclosed copy of YES B1 book for further reference yes-b1.pdf.
SLOVNÍK K UČEBNICI - DICTIONARY Please, feel free to use it, if you don't know what a word in your book means, please, consult your dictionary. There comes the link: EF_3e_Pre-int_Slovak_WL(2).pdf
SKVELÝ SLOVNÍK S BRITSKOU AJ AMERICKOU VÝSLOVNOSŤOU http://oxforddictionaries.com/
UČEBNICA https://elt.oup.com/student/englishfile/preint3/grammar/?cc=sk&selLanguage=sk
návod na opis obrázka: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihIQ8_-49Fo
ďalší opis obrázka https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOMomz9gQxE
ukážka maturity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mVAXola_Sk
english speaking countries
1.conditional.pdf10_CARD_sport.pdf02_CULTURE_AND_ART.ppt
24.The_United_States_of_America.docx
Homework, June 5th
for Thursday this week pls, read the following article about jobs and employment and after reading it write answers to the following questions into your exercise books
into your exercise books: please, answer the following questions:
1. What is employment? Who belongs to economically inactive population?
2. How can people become unemployed? What institutions help them to find a job?
3. What things do people consider when they search for a new job?
4. what information should be included in a professional CV?
5. What happens at the job interview?
6. what does it mean to work full-time, part- time, to have a temporary, to have a permanent job, to work (on) shifts, to do a lot of overtime, to be hired, to be sacked, to be fired, to be made redundant, to be self-enployed, to live on a dole, to apply for unemployment benefits, to apply for a job.
7. Put in a correct order
- discuss starting salary
- be given benefits such as a company car, laptop, mobile
- be given vacation days
- write your cv, job application and a motivation letter
- wait until the human resourses department or a recruiting agency invites you for an interview
- think about the area in which you want to work
- talk about your expectations, job tasks and possible promotion
- think about the job position you are interested in
- search for available positions and vacancies on the Internet or in specialized papers
- send your CV together with a job application and a motivation letter to the company you want to work for
- find out more about the company
- rehearse before the interview
- decide what to wear (dress code)
- practise questions you might be given
- stay calm, reply clearly, do not show off
- sign a contract
- do not give up
http://9.Jobs_and_employement.docx
9. JOBS AND EMPLOYEMENT B2
Work (or our occupation – zamestnanie) plays an important role in our lives. This way we do not only earn (zarábame) money but also find our place in society, spend time with other people and feel useful. Choosing one’s job can be difficult and it can take time to make a final decision (konečné rozhodnutie) and choose the job we would like to do.
The economically active population (obyvateľstvo) includes people who are willing and able to work and people who search for work (ktorí si hľadajú prácu) – the unemployed (nezamestnaní). The first group includes self-employed people (živnostníkov) and employees (zamestnancov). The economically inactive people are those under 18, students, the retired (dôchodcovia), the disabled (zdravotne postihnutí), the sick (chorí) or those who do not wish or are unable to work.
Employement (zamestnanie) is a contract (zmluvný vzťah) between an employer and an employee. The employer (zamestnávateľ) is a person who hires (si najíma) employees. It can also be an institution. The employee receives wage (mzdu) or salary (plat) for his/her work.
In large organizations the personnel selection (výber personálu) is organized by the Human Resources Department (oddelením ľudských zdrojov). The available positions are usually published in the newspapers or on the internet. The candidates send the job application (žiadosť o zamestnanie) and their CV (životopis), together with a motivation letter (motivačný list). Their CV should include personal data and details (podrobnosti) about their education, skills and work experience (pracovné skúsenosti). The ones who are chosen are invited to an interview (pohovor). At an interview they usually answer questions, describe (opíšu) their motivation and expectations (očakávania). It is important to prepare for the interview, find information about the company, answer clearly (zrozumiteľne) and stay calm (zostať pokojný). If a candidate succeeds [səksíds](uspeje, he or she is given an official offer of employement (oficiálnu ponuku na prácu) with a defined starting salary (so stanoveným nástupným platom), position, medical benefits (nemocenskými dávkami) and vacation days (voľnými dňami, dovolenkou). Employees can be hired to work full-time (na plný úväzok) or part-time (na polovičný úväzok) and have a permanent contract (zmluvu na dobu neurčitú) or part-time contract (zmluvu na dobu určitú). They are organized into trade unions (odborov) which protest in case the employees are unhappy with low wages or few benefits.
The working time (pracovný čas) in Europe varies between 33 and 41 hours a week. In Slovakia, the working time is 40 hours a week (8 hours a day). However, there are jobs where people work long hours (dlho). Majority of people work regular hours, it means from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Shift work (práca na smeny) describes regular employment outside the normal daytime hours and is typical for healthcare services (zdravotníctvo) (doctors, nurses, ambulance drivers,), firefighters, policemen and production (workers in car companies) and transport (dopravu) (truck drivers). In Slovakia, people in general start to work at 8.00 and finish at 4-5 p.m. They normally have a lunch break at lunch time. Some people have flexible working time, which means they can work at different times or work from home. New technologies, especially the Internet have enabled people to work from home. In Britain people start work at 9 o’clock and finish at 5.30 (half past five).
When a child is born to a couple (páru), it is usually the mother who takes maternity leave (kto ide na materskú dovolenku). In Slovakia it takes three years. The maternity pay is very low. When the child grows a little and is able to attend a nursery school (jasle), the mother often goes back to work. She has responsibility for childcare (starostlivosť o deti) and the household (domácnosť), so flexible working time is very convenient for her (je pre ňu veľmi vhodný). Many families cannot afford this (si to nemôžu dovoliť), so women often continue working full time and take care of the child and the household too. It is difficult for every woman to have both a good family life and a successful (úspešnú) career.
Many people are self-employed and run their own business. They can but do not have to employ other people. People who are not paid wages and work are called volunteers (dobrovoľníci) – they usually work for free in regions in war or regions hit by natural catastrophes.
Choosing a career
When we are young, we don’t think hard about our future job. Most of us want to be rich and famous. As we grow up (ako dospievame), we become wiser (múdrejšími) and realise the importance (umedomujeme si dôležitosť) of choosing our job. We start thinking about what we would like to do and what job would be appropriate (vhodný) for us. It is not easy to choose the right profession, especially at a young age. We need a job that fulfils us (potrebujeme zamestnanie, ktoré nás napĺňa), as well as a job in which we can make enough (dosť) money to cover our living costs (na pokrytie našich nákladov na živobytie). We also have to consider (zvážiť) several factors, such as the type of work, possible promotion (možné povýšenie) and career development (kariérny rast), salary (plat), working hours, travel opportunities, place of work and others. The time to make this final decision is when we study at a secondary school. We decide whether (či) we want to do a manual/physical job, which requires (si vyžaduje) physical powers or a better-paid job that requires more qualifications. Professions like a lawyer, economist, manager, teacher and doctor require college or university education and it takes hard work to get the qualification.
Physical and intellectual work
We basically, differentiate (rozlišujeme) between physical and intellectual work. Physical work requires physical powers and manual skills (manuálne zručnosti). Most manual workers work in manufacturing (production) or construct buildings (stavajú budovy). There are many different types of intellectual work. Some professions require detailed knowledge (podrobné znalosti) – scientists, doctors, lawyers [lójrs], accountants (účtovníci), others talent and creativity (artists). There are more and more professions that require communication and organization skills (zručnosti, schopnosti), such as public relations (styk s verejnosťou) managers, interpreters (tlmočníci), teachers, psychoanalysts, sales representatives (obchodní zástupcovia) and others. Nowadays, in most professions it is important to improve (zlepšovať sa) one’s skills and abilities by attending seminars and trainings, reading books or news in their field on the Internet.
In some occupations (v niektorých zamestnaniach), people have responsibility (zodpovednosť) for other people’s lives (doctors, pilots, drivers). Professions like a policeman, pilot, construction worker and truck driver belong to very dangerous professions because there is a high risk (vysoké riziko) of an injury (zranenia) or an accident (nehody).
The labour market (trh práce) in Slovakia has changed a lot in the past decades. More work opportunitites have been created thanks to foreign investors (vďaka zahraničným investorom) coming to the country to set up (založiť) their companies here. A lot of people had to retrain (preškoliť sa). The working conditions, especially the pay and benefits, are still insufficient. The salaries of Slovaks are much lower than the ones in Western Europe.
In Slovakia it is becoming more and more difficult to get a job. The rate of unemployment (miera nezamestnanosti) varies according to the regions – the Bratislava region has the lowest, while the Eastern Slovak region the highest rate. The most concerned are the young graduates (absolventi) and the people over 50. Many people decide to leave Slovakia and work abroad. They get more money, have better benefits, learn foreign language and gain working experience. In many regions it is common that father works abroad, comes home two times a month and it is the mother who takes care of the household and children.
On the other hand there is a lack of qualified labour force (nedostatok kvalifikovanej pracovnej sily) in some fields, such as car industry, mechanical engineering or building industry. People who are not willing to work are on the dole (sú na podpore v nezamestnanosti).
School and study/Education
ukážka maturita: Education http://www.ematurity.cz/?id=73-realie-education-system-in-united-kingdom-usa-and-czech-republic
ppt presentation School and Study 09_EDUCATION.ppt
topic: 8.New.School_and_study.docx
watch the following video about the school system in Great Britain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkVmLZmqHo4
an average school day of a British pupil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMUJKH1fFF0
check question: Who is a lollipop lady? What does she do?
watch the following video about the school system in The U.S.A: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=As3x_UNO_Ys
check question: How old are you if you are a sophomore student? What school are you attending?
Learn the final exam topic Education, p. 54-55 in your YES books - prepare a short talk about the qualities of a good, bad teacher/student
express your opinion, agree or disagree with the following statements:
1. Good education is important for successful life.
2. There should be no tests and exams at schools.
3. Students should not be given any homework.
4. Summer holidays should last three months.
Give a short presentation about your school to the 9th graders from primary schools.
OPEN PRESENTATION: Dear pupils, welcome to our school. My name is…., and I will tell you something about studying at THE SECONDARY VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF PRINTING AND PUBLISHING.
GIVE THE PRESENTATION: In our school, there are about 350 students. We all study here to become web-designers (návrhári webových stránok), digital media designers (dizajnér digitálnych médií), pre-press technicians (technickí pracovníci zodpovední za prípravu tlače), printing machinery operators (operátori tlače), digital printing operators (operátori digitálnej tlače), and bookbinders (kníhviazači). The most favourite of all the subjects here is Reproduction of image and text because the teacher who teaches us is very friendly, honest, well-informed and well educated. Even though he is demanding and we have to pay attention and take notes in his classes I look forward to these lessons because I always learn something new and interesting. The least favourite subjects are some general subjects, e.g. Slovak language and literature, English language and also history because we have to memorize a lot and we are sometimes too busy and have little time to prepare well for school, and some specialized subjects, e.g. Montage (at which we learn about the layout of a page) or Polygraphy and media because majority of us prefer computer graphics or so. The teachers at our school are nice, supportive, enthusiastic and well-educated. Don´t worry, they understand us very well and communication between them and us is very good and what is more, they also have a sense of humour. The students, in general, are interested, easy-going (bezprostredný, ľahostajný), friendly and lazy at times, but hard-working, ambitious, teachable and responsible at others.There are both girls and boys here which is good because we have more fun. We have practical training lessons in graphic studious in a nearby building which a part of our shool, at which we practice our skills for future jobs. We often go to publishing companies, printing houses, advertising agencies or graphic studios to do our practical training. In the afternoons we can meet and do some extra-curricular activities, e.g. sports, or play drama.
CLOSE THE PRESENTATION: At the end, I can say that I like studying at our school. There´s a lot of fun. Thank you for your attention. Now, I can answer your questions.
LEARN THE TOPIC EDUCATION + Yes!book 36 - complete GIVING A PRESENTATION about our school and schooling
http://8.School_and_study.docx
8. School and study
- Educational systems (kinds of educational institutions, examinations, organization of the school year, marking/grading, holidays/days off)
- Lessons (timetable/Schedule, subjects, recess, breaks, school food, what lessons look like)
- Student life (free time, hobbies, after-school activities/extracurricular activities, part-time/seasonal jobs, friends, pocket money)
- Learning a foreign language/Exchange stays abroad, educational stays, language courses, au-pair)
- Student/teacher relationships
In Britain today, education [ˌedjʊˈkeɪšən - vzdelávanie] is compulsory ([kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] povinná) from the age of 5 to 16. School begins at 9 a.m. and ends at 4 p.m. there are five school days in a week, from Monday to Friday. School year (školský rok) begins after summer holidays and is divided into three “terms“ ([tɜːmz] trimestre). The intervals ([ˈɪntəvəl] medziobdobie) between terms are formed by Christmas and Easter holidays.
In Britain there are state schools (they are free of charge) and public schools. Public schools are in fact (v skutočnosti) private boarding [ˈbɔːdɪŋ] schools (súkromné internátne školy) in which students both live and study. These are peculiar [pɪˈkjuːlɪə - typický, príznačný] to Britain. They are for children aged 13-18 accepted ([əkˈseptɪd] prijatých) on the basis of the entrance [inˈtraːns] exams (prijímacie skúšky). Only 5 per cent of all children attend (navštevuje) public schools. Their fees (poplatky) are very high. The most exclusive ones, with a long tradition, are Eton, Harrow and Winchester.
State education is divided into two main stages: Primary [ˈpraɪmərɪ] Education from the age of 5 to 11. Secondary Education from the age of 11 to 16/18.
Secondary schools include: Grammar schools which prepare students for the studies at universities. Secondary Modern Schools which provide practical education in addition to general education in subjects like English, Maths, foreign languages. Technical schools prepare students mainly from technical subjects. Comprehensive schools ([ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv] stredné všeobecno-vzdelávacie školy) (11-16/18) and grammar schools are state schools, which offer general education. This ends at the age of 16, when most pupils take some form of public examination in about seven subjects. The most common subjects are English, history, geography, French, German, mathematics, chemistry, physics and biology. These General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams are national and give pupils a qualification that is accepted across the whole country. Most pupils continue (pokračovať) their education after sixteen, for another two years, in the sixth form (šiesty ročník) (two extra years at school) or at college ([ˈkolɪdž] vysoká škola). After two years of their studies students take “A” levels (GCSE at Advanced level”) in two to four subjects. These examinations are very important for those who want to continue their studies. The best ones continue to study at universities. The most famous are Oxford and Cambridge universities.
The educational system (vzdelávací system) in Slovakia has been reformed for several times. In Slovakia, school attendance (školská dochádzka) is compulsory from the age of 6 to 16. The school year begins on 2nd of September and ends on 31st of June. In July and August pupils have summer holidays. The school year is divided into 2 terms. The first ends on the 31st of January. During the winter term pupils have several holidays such as autumn holiday at the end of October, Christmas holiday which usually lasts for 2 weeks. During the summer term pupils have spring holiday, usually at the end of February. In Slovakia, students do not go to school on religious (cirkevné) and national holidays (štátne sviatky). National and religious holidays are days off (dni pracovného pokoja, e.g. All Saints’ Day, May Day) in Slovakia. Students get school reports (vysvedčenia) at the end of January and June and are assessed (sú hodnotení) by marks from 1 to 5 (1 is the best, 5 is the worst). If a student gets a 5 in June from 1 or 2 subjects, he can take a make-up exam (reparát) to try once again to pass. At our school the lessons begin at 7.55 and last till 15.30. Each lesson lasts 45 minutes. There are five-minute breaks between the lessons and after the third lesson there is a 20-minute break and after the sixth lesson there is 50-minute break for lunch. Students either eat their packed lunch from home or have their lunch at school canteen at primary school nearby.
Our school system comprises of (skladá sa z) 4 main grades (stupne), namely (menovite) the pre-school stage (stupeň), the elementary/primary (základný) grade, the secondary grade and higher education including the university. Pre-school stage includes nursery [ˈnɜːsrɪ] schools (jasle) for children from 3 months to 3 years and kindergartens (ˈkɪndəˌgɑːtən] škôlky) for children aged 3 to 6. At the age of 6 children begin to attend primary school. It takes 9 years and is divided into two stages, first and second. Basic education is compulsory for all children after the age of 6. At primary school they learn the three R’s (Reading, wRiting, and aRithmetic) with subjects such as Slovak language, foreign language usually English or German, history, geography, maths, chemistry, biology, physics, PE (physical education -TV), art, civics (občianska náuka), music. At the age of 15 they take Monitor test and pass entrance exams to continue their studies at secondary school. The best students apply to study at a grammar school (or high school) called gymnasium. It takes four to eight years. It is popular because it prepares for university study. It is highly selective (vysoko výberový) and only the best applicants can be taken. There are also other types of secondary schools, which usually take 4 years: secondary business schools (SEŠ), technical schools, and medical schools (SZŠ). Vocational [vəʊˈkeɪʃənəl] schools (učňovky) prepare students for different kinds (druhy) of professions. The study usually lasts three years and at the end students gets their skill certificate ([skil səˈtɪfɪkɪt] výučný list) or five years which ends with school-leaving exam called maturita. School leaving exam from English consists of 4 parts: Reading, Writing, Listening, English in Use, and Speaking. This exam is very important because its results ([rɪˈzʌlts] výsledky) are taken into account (sa berú do úvahy) when students apply ([əˈplaɪ] hlásiť sa, žiadať o) for university study. Most of the students, however, have to pass the entrance exams to be accepted to most universities. In Bratislava, there are lots of universities and colleges, some of them are private and some public. The most recognized (najuznávanejšia) is The Comenius University. At university you can study for 3 years and get a Bachelor’s degree ([ˈbæčələz digri:] BA) and after another 2 years you get a Master’s degree ([ˈma:stəz digri:] MA).
Some young Slovaks decide (rozhodnúť sa) to study at a foreign university in neighbouring ([ˈneɪbəriŋ] susedných) countries especially in Prague, Vienna or Brno. During their studies many students decide [dɪˈsaɪd – rozhodnúť sa] to spend a term (semester) or a year at a foreign university. Many Slovaks students and graduates ([ˈgrædžʊəts] absolventi) work abroad ([əˈbrɔːd] v zahraničí) during the summer (as au-pairs, waiters or shop assistants) because it is an excellent opportunity ([ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtɪ] šanca, príležitosť) to earn some money, speak foreign language, get to know new cultures, make new friends and meet new people. They improve (zlepšia si) their foreign language skills, learn to live independently, which makes them more self-confident (sebavedomý, sebaistý).
After-school/Extra-curricular activities (mimoškolské activity) are very important. There are many different clubs and sport teams at schools which meet after lessons. Many schools publish their own student newspapers and some have their own radio station. In Slovakia many students attend language courses, evening courses or extra lessons to prepare themselves for the school-leaving exams. At our school students can also attend several courses, e.g. an English course, an Art course, etc. A lot of young Slovaks play a musical instrument in their free time and attend primary art schools; they are members of different dance clubs and folk groups, and sports teams.
The study at primary and secondary school is quite demanding (dosť náročné). The teachers and parents should therefore (preto) be supportive (byť nápomocný, podporujúci) and motivating. It is important to encourage (povzbudzovať) students, develop their creativity (rozvíjať ich kreativitu) and make them realise the importance of a good qualification to their future lives.
I am studying at Secondary School of Printing and Publishing. Now I am in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th class. This school prepares students for different professions in the fields of printing and publishing. A lot of its graduates start to work in publishing companies, printing houses, advertising agencies or graphic studios as web-designers (návrhári webových stránok), digital media designers (dizajnér digitálnych médií), pre-press technicians (technickí pracovníci zodpovední za prípravu tlače), printing machinery operators (operátori tlače), digital printing operators (operátori digitálnej tlače), and bookbinders (kníhviazači). When I graduate I would like to work in___________ as
- How long does the compulsory education last in Britain? How long does it last in Slovakia?
- What kind of education is offered by grammar schools in our country?
- What are A-level exams in Britain?
- Describe the difference between public and state schools in Britain.
- Would you like to spend a semester at a foreign university? Why?
- How can parents and teachers encourage children to study?
- How do young people spend their free time? Are there any after-school activities at your school?
- What do you do during school breaks?
- Which subject do you like most? Why?
- Which subject do you hate most? Why?
- What are the four grades of educational system in Slovakia?
- What kinds of secondary schools do you know?
- What subjects are you studying this school year? What do you do in your practical classes?
- Why do students at some schools wear a school uniform? Do you know anybody who has to wear it?
- What should be a good teacher like? What qualities should he/she have?
- What would you like to do in your English classes?
- Who attends nursery schools and kindergartens?
- What is a day off?
- Have you ever experienced bullying (šikanovanie) at school? What is bullying? What should you do when you see someone bullying his/her classmates?
COVID 19 April 6th- April 10th
Healthcare
watch and learn parts of human body https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mc5Wq0offG0
watch and learn about bones and inner organs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXQV2JZbSaQ
five senses https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQNqXnjJxH4
1. Describe your illness (or your friend's if you are healthy).
2. Complete the dialogues with suitable responses (use different ones):
1st dialogue
Doctor: Hello. What's the problem?
You: Well,...............................................................
D: Does it hurt badly?
You: ......................................................................
D: How long have you had this?
You: ..............................................................................
D: I'd like to examine you. Take off your shirt, please
You: .............................................................................
D: No, it doesn't look too bad. It's just normal tonsilitis. Here's a prescription for some medicine. Take it
three times daily. Come to see me next Tuesday.
You: .............................................................................
2nd dialogue
D: Good......................... What's............................
You: I'm running a fever, coughing badly, I sneeze, feel tired and sleepy.
D: OK. Open..............................................................
You: "Ah." It hurts me to swallow and I ache all over.
D: Strip.............................; take............................and now stop.......................................................
You: Is it very serious, doctor?
D: No, ....................; it's just ......................: get this medicine from..................and..................a day.
You: Am I allowed to go to school?
D: No,........................ .................... warm and drink ............................ You'll ...........................soon. In
a week you............................................again.
conventional/classical vs. alternative healthcare
Encyclopaedias offer a definition of medicine as any science or practice concerned with sickness and health.There are several types of medicine which can help us to beat illness. Classical (western or conventional) medicine offers treatment with painkillers. It fights against illness and disease with drugs and surgery by which doctors can save millions of people. On the other hand, taking a lot of medicine can destroy other organs of your body, e.g. liver or kidneys. That is why many people prefer other kinds of treatment which are sometimes called traditional, complementary or alternative medicine. The term traditional fits ancient arts such as herbalism but hardly applies to acupuncture or shiatsu. Alternative medicine looks at the whole person, not just the illness. This includes your age, your family background, eating habits, sleeping habits, regular exercises, job conditions, bad habits like drinking or smoking and problems you have to face in your everyday life.
There are different types of alternative medicine like acupuncture, homeopathy and osteopathy. Acupuncturists use needles to make a person's energy to flow in a more balanced way. The needles are rotated clockwise or anticlockwise, according to whether energy is to be stimulated or lessened.
Everything we need exists in nature which is why homeopathy uses natural plants and flowers to beat illness. Homeopathy is not concerned with the processes or causes of disease, but with its symptoms. Doctors regard their patients as unique individuals.
Osteopathy is a system of movements which correct problems with the bones and muscles. Osteopaths push, pull and twist the body with their hands which puts all the bones or muscles in the right place.
One of the reasons for the popularity of alternative medicine is that most alternative therapists give a patient more time than conventional doctors. In most European countries doctors see a new patient every ten or twenty minutes. Many symptoms are due to overwork or stress and an important part of a treatment is for patients to talk about their problems. Doctors themselves are tired and have very high stress levels. Both doctors and patients would benefit from more time for having consultation.
While alternative medicine treats the body without using chemicals, western medicine is very important in accidents and emergencies. The best solution is when western and alternative medicine work hand in hand.
3. What children's diseases have you had and what diseases have you been vaccinated against?
What common ailments do children have?
mumps [mamps], measles [mi:zlz], rubeola [rubiola], chicken-pox [t/ikan poks], scarlet fever [skarlet firve], be a scarlet fever carrier, otitis [au'taitis] (zapal ucha), vaccination certificat('veksi'neisnt sa:tifikit], tuberculosis [tju:,be:kju'lausis], tetanus [tetanas], polio [paulisu], smallpox [smo:lpoks], diphtheria [diftieria], whooping cough [hu:pii\ kofj, rabies [reibi:z]
have a cold, (the) flu, cough, a sore throat, to cough, bronchitis [bron'kaitis], tonsilitis [tonsi'Iaitis], pneumonia [nju:'mäuniä], be hoarse [ho:s], lack of appetite, vomit, have stomachache, heartburn, nausea [no:sjä], indigestion [indi'dzestfän], constipation [konsti´peifän], diarrhoea [daiä:riä], ulcer [alsa], bilious attack [biljäs ätäk], appendicitis [äpendi'saitis], jaundice [dzo:ndis], backache, slipped disc, rheumatism [ru:mätizm], earache, encephalitis [ensäfä'laitis], be dizzy [dizi], veneral disease [vi'niäriäl], typhoid fever [taifoid], plague [pleig], cholera [kolärä]
4. What diseases are considered to be "civilization al diseases"? What causes them? How can they be avoided?
mental disorders: -
nervous breakdown, stress, depression, a headache, insomnia [in'somnie], suffer from nerves
diseases of the blood system: .
high blood pressure, a heart attack, anaemia [ä'ni;mjä], leukaemia [lju:'ki:miä], varicose veins [värrikäus veinz]
skin diseases: .
rash [räs], acne [äkni], eczema [eksimä], itch, scratch, pimple [pimpl], scurvy [skä:vi]
eating disorders:
anorexia, bulimia
others:
backache, defective hearing (poskodeny sluch), allergy, overweight, asthma [äsmä], diabetes [daiä'bi:tiz], malignant tumours [mä'lignänt tju:mäz], cancer [känsä], drug addiction [drag ä'dikfän], drug addict [ä'dikt] (narkoman) , be addicted to alcohol, die of an overdose (zomriet na predavkovanie), break the habit, veneral diseases (pohlavne choroby) , AIDS, hectic life style, lack of vitamins (nedostatok vitaminov), polluted environment, unhealthy daily routine, insufficient sleep (nedostatocny spanok)
healthcare PPT presentation 08_HEALTH_CARE.ppt
6. HEALTH CARE
a) human body
b) common diseases and diseases caused by current lifestyles, injuries, mental and physical conditions, seeing a doctor, at the chemist’s/pharmacy
c) healthy lifestyles, physical and mental hygiene
d) health care (prevention, vaccination)
e) national/public and private health care, health insurance, specialists
More and more people today start to realise that good health means a longer and happier life. That is why they take better care of their health than before.
Most kinds of medicine begin when you’re ill. Preventive medicine begins when you’re well. The idea is very simple. If you make your body strong and healthy, then you won’t become ill. There are three ways to do this. They are: diet, relaxation, exercise. In general, a healthy person does not smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises. The trick to healthy living is making small changes – taking more exercise, adding fruit and vegetables to your diet (strava), adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water, having enough sleep, avoid stress – these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic changes.
For many people, bad health begins with a bad diet. Some eat the wrong kind of food. Others eat too much or too little. It’s not surprising that people like this often become ill. On the other hand, people concerned about their health eat healthier food. They try to eat regularly, avoid eating chips, hamburgers, food in tins and packets. Instead, they try to eat fresh fruit and vegetables, brown bread, fish and white meat and reduce the amount of salt, fat, and sugar.
Modern life is full of pressure and problems. Some people can control these. They sleep well, enjoy life, don’t worry very much and try to avoid stressful situations as much as possible. They know how to relax and that relaxation helps the body to rest and repair itself. Others are the opposite. They sleep badly, don’t enjoy life and worry all the time. People like this are suffering from stress. Stress is a kind of illness itself and it can lead to many others.
Exercise is very important for good health. Without it the body becomes slow and fat. It also becomes weak and less able to fight illness. Unfortunately, modern life makes it very easy to be lazy.
When we are ill, we usually see a doctor (GP – general practitioner). The doctor examines our body, asks about the symptoms and usually prescribes some medication, which is usually available on prescription in a pharmacy. In some cases we need to make an appointment with a specialist. When the illness is too serious to be treated at home, we are taken to hospital and sometimes even undergo surgery.
People who are employed pay their health insurance monthly. They do not need to pay for basic health care and basic medication. When they want extra care or special treatment, they have to pay the extra costs. Some people decide to go to a private health care establishment (zariadenie), usually for surgical interventions, delivery or dental care.
Everybody goes through various diseases during their childhood and adult life. Most of the diseases are not serious and do not take a long time to cure because we have efficient medication against them. Such diseases are flu, tuberculosis, or scarlet fever. However, there are diseases which we have problems to cure or cannot cure at all yet, such as cancer, AIDS or heart attacks (infarkt, srdcový záchvat).
A healthy lifestyle, prevention and personal responsibility for our health can help us avoid possible dangers. Many people care about their health, go to the doctor for check-ups (kontroly), get eye exams done, weigh themselves regularly, get vaccinated and see the dentist twice a year. Others still need to learn that good health means a longer and happier life and that they need to care about themselves.
Human body consists of a head, neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs. It consists of blood, bones, muscles, skin and inner organs. The most important organs include a heart, lungs, stomach, liver (pečeň) and kidneys (obličky). A head consists of hair and a face with eyes, ears, nose, mouth, lips, teeth, tongue, cheeks, chin, eyebrows, eyelashes, forehead and moustache or beard in men. An upper limb consists of a shoulder, an arm, an elbow, a wrist, a hand with fingers (index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and a thumb). Trunk consists or chest in men and breasts in women (u žien), back, waist, sex organs and hips (boky). A lower limb consists of a thigh, a knee, a calf (lýtko), a shin (píšťala), an ankle, a foot with toes and a heel.
When you get ill, for example when you get food poisoning, flu, twisted ankle or cold you should see a doctor. If you want to see GP (general practitioner) you don’t have to make an appointment. If you need to see a specialist (an eye doctor) you have to make an appointment. You wait in the waiting room until the nurse calls your name. At the doctor’s surgery he usually asks about your symptoms. You tell him your symptoms. Then he takes your temperature and he examines your body. He tells you your diagnosis and prescribes you some pills, tablets, painkillers or drops. You go to the pharmacy/chemist’s and you show your prescription. They give you your medicine, you pay for the prescription and you go home. When you have got flu, you have to stay in bed, take your medicines, drink plenty of herbal tea with lemon and honey.
Homework March 9th -13th
there you go, some more homeschooling for you. Well, some of you might like it, the others still appreciate being at regular classes and learning the old good method sitting at your desks.So, your topics to learn for this week: Shopping and services a Healthcare (all the materials see below)Shopping and services
topic: 5._shopping_and_services.docx
Presentation:06_SHOPPING.ppt
worksheet shopping/fashion shopping.fashion.vocab.pdf
video - types of shops https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVDomocdGak
video - difference between a shopping mall, factory outlet, chain store, boutique and a department store https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAoBfn71aDc
5. Shopping and services
a) shopping facilities (shops, hypermarkets, markets)
b) services (post office, bank, police station, petrol station)
c) sales promotion and its influence on customers
d) ways of shopping and payment (catalogue selling, to buy something on an instalment plan, weekly shopping, e-commerce
e) imported products, export of Slovak goods
A lot of people love shopping. There are also people who hate shopping and say that it is a waste of time (strata času). But whether (či už) the people like shopping or not they have to go to a shop, more or less frequently, to buy what they need because shopping is a necessity (nevyhnutnosť).
There are many kinds of shops ranging from (v rozmedzí od) large department stores (obchodné domy), self-service shops (samoobsluhy) and supermarkets to (do) small specialized shops such as the grocer’s/grocery (potraviny, zmiešaný tovar), baker’s (pekár)/bakery (pekáreň), butcher’s/butcher (mäsiarstvo), greengrocer’s (obchodník s ovocím a zeleninou)/greengrocery (zelovoc), stationer’s (papiernictvo), chemist’s (lekáreň s drogériou), ironmonger’s (hardware shop – železiarstvo), haberdasher’s (textilná galantéria), bookshop, footware shop (shoe shop) and boutique (butik – obchod s módnym oblečením). Local shops that sell food, alcohol and magazines are called corner shops in Britain and convenience stores (zmiešaný tovar, večierka) in the USA, where they are often open 24 hours a day. Wherever the customers enter they are attended by shop assistants who are ready to help them: What can I do for you? Can I help you? What will you have? Is anyone serving you? What can I show you? These are the most frequent questions heard in shops since morning till late evening. Nowadays more and more customers prefer shopping in large department stores with self service, where everything can be found under one roof, to shopping in small specialized shops.
At the grocer’s people can buy foodstuff (potraviny) including flour, sugar, salt, eggs, vegetable oil, stewed fruit (kompót), various kinds of tea and coffee, bottled beer and juice, sweets, chocolate, frozen (mrazené) and tinned (konzervovaný) vegetables and fruit. There are also dairy products (mliečne výrobky) such as milk, butter, cream (smotana), cheese and yoghurt. A grocery store, more often called a corner shop, can be found locally in most town and cities.
A SUPERMARKET is a large self-service (samoobslužný) grocery shop. It also sells some other products, such as clothes or household appliances (domáce spotrebiče). In Slovakia we have several chains of supermarkets, e.g. BILLA, LIDL, JEDNOTA, TERNO, etc.
At the baker’s various kinds of fresh bread, rolls, buns (brioška, koláčik), doughnuts and cakes can be bought.
The butcher sells meat including pork (bravčové), beef (hovädzie), lamb (jahňacina) and poultry (hydina – chicken, duck, turkey, goose). Here we can buy smoked (údené) meat products such as ham, bacon (slanina), sausages (klobásy, párky). At the butcher’s people can also buy tinned (konzervované) and frozen (mrazené) meat and fish.
The people, who like gardening and some do-it-yourself (DIY) work around the house, frequently need some hardware (železiarsky tovar) and tools (náradie). They can go to an ironmonger’s in Britain or a hardware store in the US to buy hammers (kladivo, pliers (kliešte), nails (klince), and other tools and materials.
At the stationer’s writing paper, wrapping paper (baliaci papier), envelopes (obálky), notebooks, pens, pencils, crayons (pastelky), sharpeners (strúhatká), glue, rubber, rulers, and compasses (kružidlo) are kept. All the things needed by school children can be bought here.
The haberdasher’s (textilná galantéria) is the place where the housewives go when they need buttons (gombíky), threads (nite), needles (ihly) and pins (špendlíky).
Fresh vegetables and all kinds of fruit can be bought at the greengrocer’s. Many people prefer shopping at the market where there is a wider choice (širší výber) of potatoes, cabbages (kapúst), beans (fazúľ), carrots, tomatoes, apples, pears, oranges and bananas.
The chemist’s is a specialized shop where people can buy medicines. In the USA they sell medicines at the pharmacy. In Britain the chemist also keeps cosmetics and toilet supplies (toiletry) (toaletné potreby) such as make-up, shaving-cream, body lotion, razor blades, shampoo, soap and tooth-brushes, tooth paste, toilet paper and sanitary pads/towels (hygienické vložky).
Boutiques sell the latest fashion. Here especially the young people have a wide choice of dresses, shirts, skirts – plain (rovné) and pleated (skladané), blouses – made of cotton or silk, pullovers including the fashionable polo-neck pullovers, blue jeans, but also stockings (pančuchy), tights (pančuchové nohavice), socks and scarves (šatky, šály). They also sell fashion jewellery (bižutéria) such as bracelets, rings, earrings, necklaces and other accessories – for example purses (peňaženky), belts (opasky), handbags (kabelky), gloves (rukavice) hats and caps.
Some of the boutiques also offer leather goods such as leather jackets, shoes, bags and leather belts.
We buy flowers at the florist’s, jewellery at the jeweller’s and high quality food (like cheeses and cold meats from different countries) at a delicatessen.
There are lots of people who can’t imagine their day without reading the newspaper, so they go to a newsagent’s, a newsstand (a small movable structure on the street) or a kiosk (a small shop which has an open window) to pick up their morning paper, weekly magazine or just chewing gum. They also sell cigarettes and public transport tickets (lístky na MHD).
Many people like to go shopping to DEPARTMENT STORES OR SHOPPING CENTRES. THE DEPARTMENT STORES are large buildings usually several storeys high (niekoľko poschodí vysoké). They have many departments which offer their customers all kinds of foodstuff, clothes, shoes, toys, sports equipment, leather goods, cleaning supplies and cosmetics, china (porcelain) and glass, hardware goods, household appliances (domáce spotrebiče), books, stationary (papiernicky tovar) and furniture (nábytok), all under one roof.
Nearly all the big department stores have cafés, snack bars or restaurants where the people can relax when they are tired of shopping. Department stores are found both in city centres and the suburbs (okrajových štvrtiach) of towns, usually with a large car park (parkovisko) next to them or under them.
Shopping in these places has a lot of advantages (výhod): customers (zákazníci) can get almost everything under one roof and save time not having to run from one small shop to another. It is more convenient (pohodlné) since they can buy large amounts (množstvá) of goods (tovaru), using a shopping trolley (nákupný košík), and then easily get everything they bought back to their car to put into the boot (kufor auta). Prices are usually lower in department stores, too, and there are also special sales (špeciálne výpredaje), discounts (zľavy) and bargains (výhodné nákupy, zľavnené) at different times of the year. The big department stores started in America. One of the biggest department stores in Britain is Selfridge’s in London. It is situated in the Oxford Street in the centre of the West End. Other world-famous stores include Harrods in London and Macy’s in New York.
A HYPERMARKET is a big store which combines a supermarket and a department store. A wide variety of products are sold under one roof, such as clothes, household appliances and furniture. These days, a lot of Slovaks do their weekly shopping in a hypermarket, such as Carrefour or Tesco. An example of an American hypermarket is Wal-Mart, in Britain they have SAFEWAY and TESCO. Hypermarkets are usually situated outside cities and are surrounded (sú obklopené) by large car parks. Some are even (dokonca) open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
In Slovakia more and more SHOPPING MALLS/SHOPPING CENTRES are built every year. A shopping mall is a large indoor shopping centre that contains (obsahuje) many different types of stores. These shops are often open for much longer hours, including evenings and Sundays. The shopping malls have cafés, snack bars or restaurants where people can relax when they are tired of shopping. They also have cinemas, wellness centres and bowling centres.
Nowadays more and more customers prefer shopping in hypermarkets, department stores or shopping malls, where everything can be found under one roof, to shopping in small specialised shops. It is very difficult for small specialised stores to compete (konkurovať) with them and that is why a lot of the small shops close down (sa zatvára). People who prefer small shops say that the goods are fresher and the contact with the shop assistants is much more personal in small shops. They also do not spend too much time shopping. On the other hand, big stores have a wider choice of goods (širší výber tovaru), usually at cheaper prices and everything can be bought in one place. Big shopping centres are often criticised because they encourage (povzbudzujú, podporujú) the consumer society (konzumnú spoločnosť) – extensive advertising (rozsiahlu reklamu) and media influence (mediálny vplyv). They produce so called shopaholics who cannot resist (nemôžu odolať) spending money on things that they do not really need.
Apart from direct sale (priamy predaj), it is becoming more and more popular to buy goods through mail order. Many people buy things from catalogues (z katalógov) and Internet shops. Slovaks mostly use the Internet to buy books, electronics, clothes and also things they cannot find in shops. Door-to-door selling (podomový predaj) is becoming less and less popular in our country. More and more Slovaks get things on hire purchase (na pôžičku) which means that they only pay a part (časť) of the required (požadovanej) amount (množstva/sumy) of money for the goods they want and then they pay the rest of sum by regular instalments (pravidelné splátky).
Slovakia imports a lot of products from different countries all over the world and exports mainly vehicles (motorové vozidlá - cars), machinery, electric equipment (elektrické zariadenia), metals, chemicals and plastics.
SERVICES. There are many companies which do not offer any goods for sale, but they provide (poskytujú) services for people. In everyday life, people need different kinds of services. Women have their hair cut by hairdressers, men have their beard shaved by barbers. If your car has broken down you go to the garage to have it serviced where it is repaired by car-mechanics. If you need some fuel for your car, you go to the petrol station where you can fill up (natankovať) your car with petrol or diesel. At some petrol station there is also a car wash, where they wash your car. Garden designers design gardens, plumbers (údržbári) repair gas pipes and central heating. If people want to sell or buy a new house or flat, they go to a real estate agent. When people are ill, they go to the hospital where doctors and nurses look after them.
In a town there are a lot of different kinds of services. Almost everybody uses the services of a POST OFFICE. You go to a post office when you want to post a letter, parcel, postcard or to pay bills. You can also buy stamps, envelopes and lottery tickets there. Slovak companies also use UPS or DHL to deliver (na doručenie) their documents, because they guarantee express delivery worldwide. Nowadays, people do not send letters very often. They send e‑mails and text messages instead (namiesto toho).
BANKS provide (poskytujú, zabezpečujú) financial services for people. We can pay for goods and services IN CASH (v hotovosti) or BY CREDIT CARD/VISA. In Slovakia it is not common to pay by cheque (platiť šekom). Most people have a current account (bežný účet) in a bank. If they need some money, they go to the bank or they can get it from a bank machine (bankomat).
POLICE protect our lives and property (majetok). In Slovakia there are two groups of policemen: the city and the state police. City policemen check our documents and behaviour in the street. If someone behaves badly, for example he is drunk or drug addict (drogovo závislý), they take them to the police station. They also fine (pokutujú) drivers for bad parking. If citizens (občania are victims of crime (obeťmi zločinu) or involved in (to be involved in – byť zúčastnený na/ byť účastníkom čoho) a car accident (dopravnej nehody), people call the state police. State policemen fine drivers for speeding, too. At the police station people can also get new identity cards (občianske preukazy) and passports.
ADVERTISING and SALES PROMOTION (reklama - PODPORA PREDAJA)
In the past, during the communist period, shops and services were owned by (boli vlastnené) by the state. There were no private petrol stations, shops or banks. Nowadays, all shops and services try to stay competitive (konkurencieschopný) on the market and they invest into advertising (reklamy). Advertising in the media has an enormous impact (dopad, vplyv) on people. When a company introduces a new product or service, they usually do a promotion (podporná kampaň predaja). However, launching a new product is not the only reason for sales promotion. In general, we can say that other reasons for advertising campaigns apart from launching a new product include awareness of the product (so you know about it and you can recommend it to your friend or think of buying it in the future) or some inovations have been done to the existing product and it has become even better. In fact, the one and only aim of all the campaigns is to increase the sales and to persuade potential customers that the product advertised is the best on the market, the best choice for you to buy and worth the money. On top of that, almost all advertisements and commercials try to persuade you that the product advertised is the one you cannot live without or the quality of your life will immediately/drastically/remarkably change as soon as you buy the product. This can be done through various channels (kanály), such as TV, radio, press, billboards or the Internet, which are often combined to achieve (aby sa dosiahol) a bigger effect (účinok). When you watch TV, there are several commercial breaks (reklamné prestávky) that interrupt (prerušujú) a programme you are watching. We usually go to the toilet or have some snack during these breaks. Most people hate those breaks and think they are annoying (otravujúce). But there are people who can easily get influenced by such advertising and they buy products because they believe they are as good as showed on TV. Sometimes we do not even realize that a product or a company is advertised, for example in a film.
But there are other ways how to make you to buy a particular products: you can often see the sign BUY ONE, GET ONE FREE; If you buy two, you get 10% discount, if you buy three, you get 20% discounts; TWO for the price of one; extra points in your loyalty program for a specific product; a small gift if you buy 5 items of a particular brand etc.
(competition – konkurencia, competitive – konkurencie schopný, advertising – reklama, advertisement (reklamný inzerát), commercial break – reklamná prestávka.
SHOPPING AND SERVICES
What role does shopping play in the lives of modern people?
- Some people enjoy it, and will wander around shops to have a look, with no particular goal.
- Others hate shopping and find it unpleasant.
- Shopping may involve stress, e.g. during summer or winter sales.
- Special offers result in stressful behaviour and overcrowded shops.
What shops used to dominate in the past?
- small specialised stores called corner shops: the proprietor (majiteľ) would stand behind the counter, serve the customers, and provide them with the latest news.
- more personal approach
- longer time to spend in queues
What are the most frequently visited shops these days?
- huge supermarkets/hypermarkets
- shoppping centres
- being built on the outskirts of towns
- everything under one roof: shops, boutiques, supermarkets
relaxation area: cafes, restaurants, cinemas,fitness, aquaparks..
services: banks, post offices, hairdresser`s…
- the opening hours are longer
a free children centre
- enough parking space
3. department stores
4. local street market
{5 vending machines - (automaty) they are usually at hand (po ruke) when waiting for a bus or a train and they are non-stop.
- people buy tickets, chewing gums, sweets, crisps, drinks etc.
- be careful, sometimes your coin might get stuck (môže sa zaseknúť) and you get nothing out of it
- sometimes they are out of order}
What can you find in a typical shop and how can you pay?
- there are: counters with cash registers, supermarkets usually have checkouts
- there are either shopping baskets or better shopping trolleys to make the client spend more ( they are big and seem to be so empty)
- fitting rooms/changing rooms
- rows of shelves with products
- After having paid for goods you are given receipt (pokladničný blok) that gives you a guarantee (záruka) and possibility of taking the goods back and getting a refund (refundácia-vrátenie peňazí).
You can pay: in cash, by cards (debit or credit), by cheques, in installments.
- Some shops offer buying on credit ( invisible money makes you buy more).
- Customer`s card for loyal customers: they can either collect points or use the card for buying products and pay only, say, once a month or year the whole sum.
How did specialised shops develop?
a bookshop, a newsagent`s, a stationer`s, a music shop, a baker`s, a fishmonger`s, a grocer`s, a greengrocer`s, a butcher`s, a shoe shop, a clothes shop, a florist`s, a chemist`s, …
- you can get valuable advice about the product: the assistant there is an expert and knows all details about the product and gives you a helping hand
- prices may sometimes be higher
- you don`t buy at random (na vlastnú päsť a nebezpečenstvo)
What do shops do to make you spend more money? (Sale Techniques)
- the shop window – attractive and often changed
- the shop door is very wide – attracts more people, they just browse, but at the end they usually buy something
- nice, slow music
- often offer reduction on prices (two for the price of one
buy one and get one free…)
- the arrangement (usporiadanie v obchode) is often changed so that you
search, spend more time and you are likely to buy something more
- in the changing rooms – mirrors make you look slim and healthy
- special lights make meat look fresher
- cafes for nervous husbands
- “eye level”
- “impulse buy”
- in addition to quality, the packaging, services, delivery date, payment mode play an important role, too
Does advertising influence you when shopping?
The aim is – to influence a person to buy without noticing it. Buyers will always pick up the product that sounds more familiar to them.(Otherwise I am not that fashion conscious to run to a shop to get the latest craze I`ve just seen in an advertisement. Inak si myslím, že nie som veľmi na módu, nebežím hneď do obchodu, aby som si kúpil/-a posledný výstrelok, ktorý som práve videl/-a v reklame.)
Do you enjoy hagggling/bargaining about prices?
- you may try it in street markets
- haggling is very frequent for instance in Turkey. In some countries it is almost impolite to refuse to haggle.
Does it help to shop with a shopping list?
- makes shopping quicker
- you don`t forget anything
- you don`t spend so much money
What is the advantage of shopping arcades and what is a chain store?
- Shopping arcades (nákupné pasáže) are conveniet and comfortable especially when it`s raining outside.
- A chain store is a shop with subsidiaries (pobočky) in many towns.
- prices are the same everywhere
Do you like shopping via the Internet? (online shopping)
- on the Internet many things are cheaper but you usally have to pay for the transport which might get expensive
- you can touch the goods, try it on, or smell before buying it
- quick buy, no waste of time
Do you know any famous British shops?
- Harrods – a department store, very expensive and luxurious, the Queen shop, houses the biggest hair and beauty salon in Europe
- Marks and Spencer – a chain store with clothes
What SERVICES do people use apart from shops?
- In Britain it`s very frequent to take the washing (bielizeň) to the laundry (práčovňa) and wait there while the machines are washing it.
- In the Slovak republic people prefer doing it at home as almost everybody has a washing machine at home but people do use dry-cleaner`s for suits, coats, covers that can`t be washed in water.
- people use services of hairdressers, men barbers
- women like going to beauty salons ( You can have your face massaged or complexion cleaned with various cosmetic and chemical substances)
- nail studios provide manicure and pedicure
- fitness centres help you keep fit
- if you need a new pair of glasses, you heve to go to the optician`s to get one
- people buy old books in second hand bookshops
- people rent flats and houses through estate agent`s
- people buy their holidays at the trevel agent`s
- if you need a photo, you may go to the photographer`s
- when clocks or watches break down, they are taken to the watcher`s
- shoes are repaired in shoe repair shops
- any defects in cars are removed in car repair shops
- it is post services that deliver us letters, packages, telegrams or money directly home or into the letterbox
- it is delivery service that deliver us pizzas, the goods bouhgt by us, bunches of flowers order by us...
- There are more and more companies providing services. For example, various skilled workers: joiners (stolári),upholsterers (čaluníci), and wall painters (maliari), tailors (krajčíri) or window cleaners. You mostly need a trade licence to practise these professions.
Exercise:
Explain these phrases in English:
I am flat broke.
I had to pay for that out of my own pocket.
Don`t buy a pig in a poke.
VOCABULARY:
antique shop – starožitnosti
DIY shop – obchod pre domácich majstrov
ironmonger`s – železiarstvo
garden centre – záhradné centrum
toyshop – hračkárstvo
betting shop – stávková kancelária
jeweller`s – klenotníctvo
confectioner`s – cukráreň
shoplifter – zlodej v obchode
be out of stock – nebyť na sklade
till – pokladňa (registračná)
stall/stand – stánok
price tag – cenovka
petshop – obchod s domácimi zvieratami a pre domáce zvieratá
be on display – vystavené
Questions to the topics:
- What is the relation between a shop assistant and a client?
- What is better: buying clothes in a shop or having them made by a tailor or dressmaker?
- What do you spend most of your money on?
- Do you prefer a talkative shop assistant or one that leaves you alone?
- What is the shopping of the future? (via telephone, catalogues, TV, computer...)
Translation to the exercise:
- Som úplne švorc.
2. To som musel zaplatiť z vlastného vrecka.
- Nekupuj mačku vo vreci.
Healthcare
topic Health_Care.doc
presentation:08_HEALTH_CARE.ppt
worksheet 1 healthcare_worksheet1.pdf
worksheet 2healthcare_worksheet_2.pdf
6. HEALTH CARE
a) human body
b) common diseases and diseases caused by current lifestyles, injuries, mental and physical conditions, seeing a doctor, at the chemist’s/pharmacy
c) healthy lifestyles, physical and mental hygiene
d) health care (prevention, vaccination)
e) national/public and private health care, health insurance, specialists
More and more people today start to realise that good health means a longer and happier life. That is why they take better care of their health than before.
Most kinds of medicine begin when you’re ill. Preventive medicine begins when you’re well. The idea is very simple. If you make your body strong and healthy, then you won’t become ill. There are three ways to do this. They are: diet, relaxation, exercise. In general, a healthy person does not smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises. The trick to healthy living is making small changes – taking more exercise, adding fruit and vegetables to your diet (strava), adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water, having enough sleep, avoid stress – these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic changes.
For many people, bad health begins with a bad diet. Some eat the wrong kind of food. Others eat too much or too little. It’s not surprising that people like this often become ill. On the other hand, people concerned about their health eat healthier food. They try to eat regularly, avoid eating chips, hamburgers, food in tins and packets. Instead, they try to eat fresh fruit and vegetables, brown bread, fish and white meat and reduce the amount of salt, fat, and sugar.
Modern life is full of pressure and problems. Some people can control these. They sleep well, enjoy life, don’t worry very much and try to avoid stressful situations as much as possible. They know how to relax and that relaxation helps the body to rest and repair itself. Others are the opposite. They sleep badly, don’t enjoy life and worry all the time. People like this are suffering from stress. Stress is a kind of illness itself and it can lead to many others.
Exercise is very important for good health. Without it the body becomes slow and fat. It also becomes weak and less able to fight illness. Unfortunately, modern life makes it very easy to be lazy.
When we are ill, we usually see a doctor (GP – general practitioner). The doctor examines our body, asks about the symptoms and usually prescribes some medication, which is usually available on prescription in a pharmacy. In some cases we need to make an appointment with a specialist. When the illness is too serious to be treated at home, we are taken to hospital and sometimes even undergo surgery.
People who are employed pay their health insurance monthly. They do not need to pay for basic health care and basic medication. When they want extra care or special treatment, they have to pay the extra costs. Some people decide to go to a private health care establishment (zariadenie), usually for surgical interventions, delivery or dental care.
Everybody goes through various diseases during their childhood and adult life. Most of the diseases are not serious and do not take a long time to cure because we have efficient medication against them. Such diseases are flu, tuberculosis, or scarlet fever. However, there are diseases which we have problems to cure or cannot cure at all yet, such as cancer, AIDS or heart attacks (infarkt, srdcový záchvat).
A healthy lifestyle, prevention and personal responsibility for our health can help us avoid possible dangers. Many people care about their health, go to the doctor for check-ups (kontroly), get eye exams done, weigh themselves regularly, get vaccinated and see the dentist twice a year. Others still need to learn that good health means a longer and happier life and that they need to care about themselves.
Human body consists of a head, neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs. It consists of blood, bones, muscles, skin and inner organs. The most important organs include a heart, lungs, stomach, liver (pečeň) and kidneys (obličky). A head consists of hair and a face with eyes, ears, nose, mouth, lips, teeth, tongue, cheeks, chin, eyebrows, eyelashes, forehead and moustache or beard in men. An upper limb consists of a shoulder, an arm, an elbow, a wrist, a hand with fingers (index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and a thumb). Trunk consists or chest in men and breasts in women (u žien), back, waist, sex organs and hips (boky). A lower limb consists of a thigh, a knee, a calf (lýtko), a shin (píšťala), an ankle, a foot with toes and a heel.
When you get ill, for example when you get food poisoning, flu, twisted ankle or cold you should see a doctor. If you want to see GP (general practitioner) you don’t have to make an appointment. If you need to see a specialist (an eye doctor) you have to make an appointment. You wait in the waiting room until the nurse calls your name. At the doctor’s surgery he usually asks about your symptoms. You tell him your symptoms. Then he takes your temperature and he examines your body. He tells you your diagnosis and prescribes you some pills, tablets, painkillers or drops. You go to the pharmacy/chemist’s and you show your prescription. They give you your medicine, you pay for the prescription and you go home. When you have got flu, you have to stay in bed, take your medicines, drink plenty of herbal tea with lemon and honey.
Homework, February 14th
watch the video dealing with describing the place where you live (your home - house or flat) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzkEGEjkb30
in case you skipped the lessons today, pls, write about your house/flat at least 10 sentences based on the instructions in the video. Use adjectives!
- where you live, floor, neighbourhood, outskirts, suburbs, downtown, uptown, city centre, munincipal district..)
- rooms, outside/inside of your house (balcony, porch, terrace, garage)
- what you like and dislike about your home
learn the vocabulary we did two weeks ago, read and learn Housing and Living topic from your YES books
Homework, January 31st
Travelling
topic 7.travelling(1).docx
presentation 21_TRAVELLING.ppt
- learn means of transport, write an article about public transport in Bratislava based on the sample article in your books about public transport in London. Pick 5 means of transport and do not forget to write about obtaining and validating public transport monhtly and yearly passes and tickets - Due February 4th!
7. Travelling
Reasons (dôvody): People usually travel on business (pracovne) or for pleasure (pre radosť). They go on business trips (služobné cesty), they go on conferences, study stays, or they go on holidays. Students often take a year off (the school) to travel around the world, visit new cities and countries, see sights (pamätihodnosti) and monuments, meet new people, make new friends, and get to know (spoznať) new cultures and meals (jedlá). There are people who go abroad to learn a foreign language. Some people work abroad. In summer students travel to foreign countries to find some summer jobs (brigády). We also travel to visit our relatives (príbuzných) and family and to go to concerts or see some theatre performances, visit museums, exhibitions, and galleries. In Slovakia people usually go on holiday when their children have holidays at school, it means at Christmas, during (počas) the spring holidays and summer holidays.
In summer Slovak people go on holiday to seaside resorts (prímorské letoviská). Our favourite destinations (destinácie) are: Italy, Croatia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, France and Spain. Those who have more money travel to Caribbean (Cuba, Jamaica), America, Australia, Canada, China, India, Bali or Seychelles. Young people go on tours (poznávacie zájazdy). (Activities on holiday - lie on the beach, sunbathe, swim in the sea, go shopping, go to bars and discos, go on sightseeing tour, visit historical monuments/buildings, sights, go to the theatre, go to the cinema, galleries, exhibitions, museums, go on a boat trip, ship cruise – výletná plavba). Some Slovaks spend their holidays in Slovakia, they go camping (chodia stanovať), or hiking/walking (na turistiku) to the mountains or to water parks, to spa resorts (Piešťany with bath mud procedures, Trenčianske Teplice, Smrdáky with healing springs (s liečivými prameňmi).
In winter we go to ski resorts (lyžiarske strediská). Slovaks go to The High Tatras, The Low Tatras, The Little and Great Fatras here in Slovakia or they go to the Czech Republic to Šumava, Jesenníky, Krkonoše, to the Alps in Austria and to France. (Activities - go skiing, snowboarding, cross-country skiing (bežkovať), sledging)
In the past (v minulosti) people had to go everywhere on foot (museli všade chodiť pešo), it took them too long to get from one place to another, the journey was tiring (cesta bola únavná), the roads were in bad condition, they did not have maps. Later, they travelled on horses and in carriages (v kočoch) and coaches (dostavníkoch) pulled by horses. They travelled by land and also on rivers, lakes, seas (by boats and ships).
Now: there are many possibilities. It often depends on money and the length (dĺžke) of journey. For short journeys we usually choose a car and a plane for longer journeys. Some people travel long distances by trains, coaches and buses because it is cheaper than to travel by plane. We can travel by car, train, bus, coach, tube (underground), plane, boat, ship.
In the future there will be more tunnels, more motorways/highways and better infrastructure. We might travel to space on a spaceship and spend our holiday on Mars. Agro tourism and eco tourism are getting more and more popular.
What should you do before you travel? First of all, it is important to decide where to go, find out some information about the resort and the country on the Internet or in a travel guide (cestopis), find out how to get there, what to do and see there. Then it is important to book (zarezervovať) flight/train/travel tickets, accommodation (ubytovanie), arrange holiday insurance (vybaviť poistenie), get vaccinated (dať sa zaočkovať) especially if you go to Africa, Asia or Middle East, ask for vacation at work, check (skontrolovať) whether (či) your passport is valid in case you travel outside European Union. If you travel to USA or some other countries, you need VISA, you get them at the Embassy. So, the last thing you should do is to pack (zblaliť si) your luggage (batožinu). It is important to remember five “Ps” (peniaze – money, pas – passport, pyžamo – a pair of pyjamas, poistenie – insurance, plavky – swimsuit/trunks).
Individual travelling – some people choose to travel alone, not to address travel agency (cestovku). They arrange their travel by themselves, buy their ticket, book their hotel and travel tickets. Sometimes it is cheaper to travel alone than to use a travel agent, especially if you want to visit different places in one country. These people take such travel as an adventure; they find it interesting to travel alone, they meet new people, make new friends, they can travel where they want and stay at one place as long as they want to, they do not have to visit places and sights they do not want to. On the other hand it is more dangerous than group travelling, because you have to take care of yourself, you can be robbed or you can get lost. Therefore it is important to speak at least one foreign language. If you can speak for example English language you can ask for information in most countries, you can ask how to get where you want to go.
Group travelling/Packed holiday (dovolenka, ktorú celú zariaďuje cestovka) – in Slovakia people usually ask travel agencies to arrange their holiday for them. They do not have to worry about anything; the only thing they have to do is to write an email and book a holiday and to pay for it.
Travel agent/agency – a company which arranges your holiday for you (accommodation (ubytovanie) – hotels, motels, hostels, apartments) (catering – bed and breakfast, half board (polopenzia), full board (plná penzia), all inclusive, self catering (bez jedla). In the resort there is usually a travel agency representative (sprievodca, zástupca CK) who works for that agency and he gives you all the information about your stay (o vašom pobyte): accommodation, catering possibilities, programme and trips, basic info about the country, seaside/ski resort, shops and services (bank, post office, phone box, doctors, hospital, emergency services, vet).
Means of transport: car – you need a driving licence, you can get it when you are 18, you need petrol/diesel to run a car, you buy petrol at petrol station, you have to follow certain rules – you cannot drink alcohol, drink-driving and speeding (prekročenie rýchlosti) is fined (pokutované), you cannot use your mobile while driving, you have to pay attention to traffic signs (dopravné značky) and traffic lights (semafory). In Slovakia we drive on the right side of the street, in England they drive on the left side. During the rush hour (počas dopravnej špičky) there are traffic jams (sú dopravné zápchy) and there are many car accidents (dopravné nehody). Sometimes it is difficult to find a free car park/parking place. Car can take you wherever you want. You can take as much luggage/baggage as you want. It is very comfortable, you can stop when you need, you can have a rest and you can sleep in it - caravan. Car fumes pollute the environment and the air (výfukové plyny znečisťujú životné prostredie a ovzdušie).
Bus, coach, train: you need tickets to travel by them (one-way/single ticket (jednosmerný), return ticket (spiatočný), it is cheaper to travel by bus/train than to travel by car. They are more environmentally-friendly than a car, if more people used them, the environment would be less polluted. They are comfortable, you don’t have to pay attention to traffic, on bus/train you can read, listen to music, have a snack (in a snack/bar/dining car – jedálenský vozeň), watch the world passing by, have a conversation, sleep (sleeping car – spací vozeň), but you cannot take too much luggage (batožina).
Tube/Underground (metro) – is only in big cities, takes you whenever you want in a couple of minutes, very fast, no traffic jams (žiadne zápchy), reliable (spoľahlivé)– arrives on time, you need tickets or tokens (žetóny). There is usually very bad air and it is hot in it, it is crowded especially during rush hour, relatively safe but sometimes it is dangerous because there are many thieves/pickpockets/robbers and there have been several terrorist attacks recently.
Plane: very comfortable, fast, suitable (vhodné) for long distances, flight attendants (letušky, steward and stewardess) serve you drinks and meals; you can watch films, read newspapers, sleep. Flight ticket are quite expensive (dosť drahé); you are not allowed to bring sharp things and tools (nástroje), knives, scissors on board (na palubu). When you arrive at the airport you have to go to a “check-in” desk, where they take/drop off your luggage, you show your passport and flight ticket and they give you a boarding card/pass with the number of your seat. Then you go through security check, customs and passport control and you enter a plane through a boarding gate. (take off/depart, landing/arrivals, terminal, non-smoking flights, on a board, shuttle bus, lounge, boarding pass/card, seat by the window/aisle)
Boats/ships/cruise ships – are used for holiday cruises (výletné plavby), you can sleep and eat there – some are like hotels, have shops, bars, restaurants, casinos, swimming pools. It is possible to travel by boats/ships only on sea/rivers/lakes.
Taxi/cab – are cars that take you everywhere you want, quite expensive, in UK – black cabs – the most expensive ones, NY – is known for its yellow taxis.
Bike – is most environmentally-friendly, no fumes, uses human power, not suitable in bad weather, it does not cost you anything to run it, you do not need any fuel (palivo), suitable for short distances (vhodný na krátke vzdialenosti), as a hobby/sport/form of exercise, cycling tours.
Hitchhike – stopovať, hitchhiking – (stopovanie) – popular among young people and students, costs no money but it is very dangerous
Otázky: 1. You have just arrived to England. Go to the information centre and ask for English language courses and accommodation. Decide between boarding school (where you study and sleep) and home stay (where you stay but you have to go to school somewhere near). Give your reasons.
2. Why do people travel?
3. Where did you go on your last holiday? Are you going anywhere this summer?
4. Describe the best holiday you have ever been to.
5. What is your idea of a perfect holiday?
6. If you had the opportunity to travel around the world, what countries would you definitely want to visit and why?
7. How do you prepare before you go on holiday? What do you have to do?
8. What means of transport do you know?
9. Give advantages and disadvantages of travelling by train and bus.
10. What do you know about underground?
11. Have you ever flown by plane? Describe travelling by train. Give pros and cons.
12. What is the difference between individual and group travelling?
13. What is the travel agency?
14. What does a travel agency representative do?
15. In what sort of a book do you find all the important information about country you want to travel to?
16. Where can you stay when you are on holiday? What does “all-inclusive” service contain?
17. How do you travel to school?
18. What foreign countries have you visited? Compare them with Slovakia.
19. What interesting or famous places have you been to?
Homework, January 23rd
HOUSING AND LIVING
write an essay entitled Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in the country based on the sample essay we did in the lessonhousing topic 4_Housing.docxhousing presentation 04_HOUSING.ppthousing worksheet HOUSING_2.pdf HOUSING_1.pdf4. Housing (bývanie)
- my home (address, part of the town, description of your house/flat, domestic appliances – domáce spotrebiče, furniture - nábytok), neighbourhood (susedstvo, sídlisko, blízke okolie), facilities (zariadenia) in my neighbourhood
- housing in towns and villages – advantages and disadvantages (výhody a nevýhody)
- ideal housing (your ideas about your own house or flat)
- compare housing in Slovakia and Great Britain and the USA
We all are very much influenced by (ovplyvnení) the place where we grow up (vyrastať). Our whole life is marked by (poznačený) places where we live, stay or work. There comes a time when we want to settle down (usadiť sa) and create our own home. Every one of us has a dream home in a dream country which would correspond (zhodovať sa) to all our needs and desires (túžby). In real life we try to make the best possible compromise.
Living in towns and cities has both advantages (výhody) and disadvantages (nevýhody). On the one hand (na jednej strane), there are many job opportunities (pracovné príležitosti), better schooling possibilities, a rich social life, and a lot of sports facilities (športové zariadenia). There are many cultural events held, such as concerts, art exhibitions, operas, theatre performances. People can go out to cafés, pubs, and night clubs. There are lots of shops, shopping malls or shopping centres where one can buy all sorts of goods (Tovar) under one roof (strecha). There are usually a few local hospitals which provide (poskytovať) a high standard of health care. On the other hand (na druhej strane), city inhabitants (-citizens, obyvatelia mesta) live in a polluted (znečistený), noisy, crowded (preplnený) and hectic place. The air in towns and cities is often polluted by fumes (dym) from factory chimneys (komín) and cars. There is often a lot of mess and dirt in the streets. A lot of city people live in housing estates (sídliská), which is not an ideal place to raise (vychovávať) children. The most serious problem of towns and cities is a high level of criminality caused by pickpockets (vreckári), shoplifters (vykrádači obchodov), burglars (lupiči), murderers (vrahovia) and drug dealers.
In the past, there was a strong tendency to move to towns. Nowadays, more and more people move back to the country where they look for peace and a healthy way of living. The houses in village are cheaper than the ones in towns.
Many Slovaks live in flats. A flat is situated in the same building as other flats, often forming part of a block of flats (panelák) or town house (bytovka). During the communist period a lot of huge (obrovský) housing estates (sídliská) were built in our country. These days, a lot of them are being reconstructed and new ones are being built but not as many as before. A flat may be very large with nearly as much space as a house or it may be just one room with a kitchen and a bathroom. Most of the flats in Slovakia are two-, three- or four-room flats.
British people prefer to live in houses rather than flats. There are several types of houses in Britain: terraced houses (radové domy), back-to-back houses (domy, ktoré majú spoločnú zadnú stenu, houses which share their back wall), town houses, semi-detached houses (dvojdomy, houses which have one wall in common), detached (samostaný) houses and bungalows (single-storey detached house). Terraced houses are built in a row (rad), back-to-back houses share a back wall, and semi-detached houses are joined (spojený) together by one common (spoločný) wall. A detached house stands by itself and a bungalow is built on one level. Slovak houses are usually quite big and the older ones are sometimes shared (deliť sa o niečo) by two families – grandparents, their children and grandchildren.
Slovaks and British people love gardening. Slovaks tend to (inklininovať k niečomu) have bigger gardens behind (za) their houses and they spend quite a lot of time growing (pestovať) vegetables and fruit. There is a lot of work around the house throughout (počas celého roka) the whole year. Both Slovaks and British are very skillful (zručný) and do a lot of work themselves.
A cottage/cabin (chalupa), a small traditional country house, is quite popular in our country. Some families have cottages near woods (lesy) or lakes (jazerá) and like to spend their weekends there. British people also like country houses. Some British families have them in France.
A typical British house is set in/is situated in (je umiestnený v) a small garden and has two storeys (poschodia). It is usually designed for a family of four or five people. There is a hall, a front room, a back room, a dining room (jedáleň), an utility room (špajza), a kitchen and a storage space downstairs (dole, na prízemí). A garage is normally attached to the house. Upstairs (hore, na poschodí), there is one big bedroom and two smaller ones, a bathroom and a lavatory (- toilet, WC). Parents usually have bedroom with en-suite bathroom
The furniture (nábytok) in British and Slovak rooms is not very different nowadays. The living room has a sofa (sedačka) and armchairs (kreslá), a wall unit (stenová zostava nábytku) with the hi-fi system, television and video, a bookcase and a coffee table (servírovací, nízky stolík). There is a carpet on the floor to make the room warm and comfortable (pohodlný). Most of the British houses have a fireplace (kozub) because of cold weather. The kitchen furniture includes the kitchen cupboards (linka), sink (výlevka, umývadlo v kuchyni), cooker (šporák) and fridge (chladnička) and freezer (mrazák). They are usually built‑in (vstavaný). There is also a table with chairs or stools (stolička bez operadla, stolček). The floor in the kitchen is often tiled (vykachličkovaná). Slovak families usually have their washing machine in the bathroom, the British in the kitchen. The bedroom has a double bed, built-in wardrobes (vstavané šatníkové skrine), dressing table (toaletný stolík) with a mirror on the wall and a stool in front of the table.
In the USA an average American family lives in a large house with many rooms. In large American cities, many people live in downtown apartments (flats). Like the British, Americans do not usually stay in the same house their whole lives. Aome families like to move to other parts of the country and change houses every 10 years.
As the standard of living (životná úroveň) is generally very high in the USA, the average (priemerný) American family can live comfortably (pohodlne) and well. Many wealthy (zámožný) people have very large houses with many rooms, tennis courts and swimming pools. In the centre of big American cities, many people live in apartments (flats, byty) situated in (umiestnený v) large apartment buildings. The houses are well-furnished (dobre zariadený) and equipped (vybavený) with modern household appliances (domáce spotrebiče). Each child in the family has his/her own room. Like the British people, Americans do not usually stay (zostať) in the same house their whole lives. Some families like to move (sťahovať sa) to other parts of the country and change houses more than once in a decade (desaťročie).
Both in Slovakia and Great Britain, it is not easy to buy one’s own flat or a house. In both countries, the prices of property (majetok, nehnuteľnosť) are extremely high. It is impossible for a young family to buy a flat without the help of parents or a mortgage (hypotéka). In order to buy a house, a family does not need to have all the money – there are many banks from which it is possible to borrow (požičať) up to 90 per cent of the value (hodnota) of the house as a mortgage. Almost half of all British families own (vlastniť) the houses in which they live. A lot of them pay off (splácať) the mortgage for many years after moving into a house. In Slovakia more and more people take advantage of (využiť niečo) the mortgage too. Some take out a loan (brať si pôžičku) for the reconstruction of their flats or houses.
Homelessness (bezdomovstvo) is a big social problem in many countries. A lot of homeless people (bezdomovci) are alcoholics, mentally-ill (duševne chorí) or just unemployed people left (ponechaní) without means of living (prostriedky na živobytie). In our country more and more asylum houses (azylové domy) are built for them.
Answer these questions:
- Is it necessary to have all the money to buy a house in Britain? Explain.
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in towns?
- What is the difference between a flat and a house?
- What are the basic types of houses in Britain?
- What does a typical British house look like?
- What kinds of gardens do the houses in Slovakia normally have?
- Where do the majority of American people live?
- Do Americans stay in the same house all their lives?
- Compare the household equipment an average American and Slovak family has.
- Why is it complicated to buy a house or a flat?
- Describe your house or flat. (I live in a four- room flat. It is on the fifth floor. I live in the housing estate called
- What is your idea of a perfect home?
- Translate these words into Slovak: armchair, bookcase, bedroom, carpet, bunk bed, double bed, single bed, en-suite bathroom, sauna, winter garden, garage, front door, back door, loo, rug, walls are painted white, dining room, hall, refrigerator, freezer, kettle, oven, cooker, hoover, lamp, wardrobe, chest of drawers, hanger, poster, picture, toilet, bathroom, living room, kitchen, bedroom, dishwasher, sink, coffee table, sofa, water tap, windowsill, curtains, bedside lamp, remote control, switch, to plug in, to turn the TV on, to turn off the computer, blinds, bedside/night table.
- Describe your room. Use the phrases given: there is + jednotné číslo /there are + množné číslo
I have/don’t have my own room. I share my room with my brother. My room is painted green/bright orange/light green.
Opposite the door there is/are ….. On the right/left there are/is …. I have got pictures, posters, paintings on the walls. …is next to (je pri) my bed, …..is behind (za), under (pod) on (na), floating floor (plávajúca podlaha), cupboards/wardrobe, shelf/bookshelf (shelves). On the windowsill I have pots with flowers, I have/don’t have curtains, blinds. I like my room because….. I spend/don’t spend a lot of time in my room. In my room I….. (listen to music, watch TV, use computer, go on the Internet, play games, chat with friends, text/phone my friends, have a mess, make love, read books, do my homework, paint/draw pictures, talk to my friends, play with my sister, have a lot of toys, fluffy toys, pillows, electronic gadgets…… . If you opened my wardrobe/drawer, you would find a complete mess, lots of papers, pencils, clothes, shoes, t-shirts, tops, dresses, board games (spoločenské hry), earings, make-up staff, brushes, toiletries, love letters …….
Veľa -Lots of, a lot of (kladné vety, počítateľné aj nepočítateľné podstatné mená.
Veľa - Many + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle (zápor, otázka)
Veľa - Much + nepočítateľné podstatné čísla (zápor, otázka)
Nejaký, niektorý - Some + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle a nepočítateľné podstatné mená v kladných vetách
+ otázky keď niečo ponúkam: Would you like some tea? Would you like something to eat?
Nejaký, žiadny - Any + nepočítateľné a počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle v otázke a zápore!
Málo - Little + nepočítateľné podstatné mená (málo), a little (trošku)
Málo - Few + počítateľné podstatné mená v množnom čísle. (málo); a few - zopár
V jednotnom čísle počítateľných podstatných mien používame a/an!!!!!!
Some – something, somewhere, sometimes,
Any – anything, anywhere, anytime.
Doplň:
I’ve got …………………………….. good friends but I haven’t got …………….best friend.
There are …………………..nice pictures by my classmates on the wall. ……………..of them I like very much.
There are …………….flower pots on the windowsill. I don’t have ……………time.
Would you like …………sugar into your coffee? Yes, but just ………………. .
There isn’t ……………… I hate about my school. Well, maybe ………….things.
…………… Slovak people live in flats. There isn’t ……………milk in the fridge.
I’ve got ……………….news for you.
Have you heard ……………….. of Pete? I haven’t been in touch with him for …………… weeks.
Have you got ………….money on you? Yes, but just …………….
Just ……………….. of my subject I like but most of them I loathe.
In towns and cities there ……. ……………………….sports and cultural facilities, but just …………… places where you can be alone.
In Bratislava there …… ………… museums, art galleries, theatres, concert halls and restaurants.
There …………… too ………….. pubs and cafés in villages, just a church and one local pub.
… friend in need is … friend indeed.
… lot of my homework I do at school. Not ……… of it I do at home.
I have never cheated in ………….. tests. …………… I passed but not too ……………… .
My English teacher is absolutely horrible because she gives us …………….. homework and I don’t have …….. time to do it on time.
We have been through ……….. of our final exams topic but there are still ………………… left.
Is there ……..thing I can help you with? No, thanks a lot. I haven’t got …….left.
I am living with my friends until I find ……………………… to live
…………………….can learn English, it just a matter of will.
I don’t want to tell you ……………………..
Homework, December 3rd
Homework, December 3rd
This is for FRIDAY - FOR KAJ LESSON
for your HW - pick one sport or game and write about it in detail:
- say whether it is indoor or outdoor activity, winter or summer
- where it is practised and how many players are involved
- what equipment you need to do/play it
- give some basics of the sports (rules, tournaments, matches, etc.)
- do you play/do the sport? if yes, how often, where, whom with?
- what personal qualities does this sport develop, what features are important for the one who wants to do the sport
- mention some famous sportsmen/sportswomen (your favourites) who do the sports and their achievements (world/local)
Sports and Games - read and learn the final exam topic, consult your Yes books as well as your exercise books and the materials you find below
Sports and Games - topic:3.Sport.docx
Sports and Games - additional material:SPORT_AND_GAMES.pdf
Homework, December 2nd
Write an essay about your attitude to sports into your exercise-books. 180- 220 words
watch the video Talking about sports and follow the instructions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGkbqEGIwpc
čítaj ďalej, máš tam vzor!
My Attitude to Sports
Vocabulary and useful phrases
I like to play...
I play with my friends...
I play on a team and we participate in various competitions...
We have training... a week. Our coach...(expects a lot, drives us hard, motivates us)
In spring I enjoy...
Over the summer I do...
In the autumn months I...
In winter I...
I would like to try... because...
I don’t like... because...
I like to play sport myself because...
I prefer watching sport on TV, especially...
I’m a fan of...
Sports can help develop (skills, strength, alertness...)
Sports also provide an opportunity for (teamwork, cooperation, goodwill...)
I like team sports such as...
My preference is for individual sports like...
My favourite sport/game is...
- say whether it is indoor or outdoor activity, winter or summer
- where it is practised and how many players are involved
- what equipment you need to do/play it
- give some basics of the sports (rules, tournaments, matches, etc.)
- do you play/do the sport? if yes, how often, where, whom with?
- what personal qualities does this sport develop, what features are important for the one who wants to do the sport
- mention some famous sportsmen/sportswomen (your favourites) who do the sports and their achievements (world/local)
VZOR!
My Attitude to Sports
Sports and games have always played an important role in my life and even now they are my number one hobby. Since my early childhood I was keen on such sports like swimming, tennis, table tennis. When I was 5, I received my first bike from my parents and my first ride finished in bushes. Despite this negative experience I used to go cycling. I live on the bank of lake and in summers I like swimming early in the morning. I can swim all styles: crawl, butterfly, breaststroke and backstroke.
Later I became more interested in various ball games. I started to play basketball in a club and I kept playing for 3 years. We had training sessions three times a week and matches
on Sundays and we had to travel by car a lot so I finally gave it up. Then volleyball attracted me. I have played it with my friends and classmates at school in our P.E. lessons.
In my everyday life, though, I never do morning exercises. I sometimes do a few push-ups, sit-ups or knee-bends after school and from time to time I go jogging around the lake.
Recently I have bought a new book Yoga and Ayurveda. Yoga is a good way how to strengthen your body and soul. It is not only about doing exercises, but it is also a specific life style, life philosophy. In addition to this, yoga helps protect the body from illnesses or even heal them. ( heal=liecit ).Well, yoga gives me a lot of pleasure. I feel comfortable about doing some yoga exercises on my own and I am not patient enough and persistent to go to the fitness centre regularly. Thus my friends and Isometimes hire a sports place or one of the sporting facilities privately. So we can do sports together and have fun, e.g. in tennis courts.
As for watching sports, I love the Olympic Games, ice-hockey matches and swimming.
YES!book 25-29 +
Sports and Games - PPT presentation:03_SPORTS_AND_GAMES.ppt
Homework, November 8th
each of you has been given a topic to give your opinion about or just to tell your classmates more about. Those of you who skipped the lesson today,, there you go - topics for you. you should deal with the topic in at least 10 sentences.
Lenka: Painting as a way of selfexpression, artistic hobby and grafitti as a street Fine Arts
Korbaš: Street art as an inseparable part of Bratislava summer festival, buskers, life statues, graffiti
Fandel: The most famous film festivals in the workl, Berlin, Venice, Cannes, Academy awards, blockbusters vs art movies
Homework, October 18th
you were given topics for two-minute talks dealing with the topic food. Examining from Monday, your theory weekESSAY WRITING - due Wednesday, November 6th
write about your favourite music and entitle your essay:
"I am drawn to music that takes me to another place - a place I can escape to.."
layout of the essay: 3 paragraphs
1st paragraph - Introduction.
Music as a performing art. How does music affect your life?
2nd paragraph - Body (jadro)
Introduce your genre(s)
when and where you listen to music (when being blue, green, happy/unhappy, on your way to/from school, etc.)
How does music change your mood?
where is the imaginary place you escape to and why?
3rd paragraph
In conclusion/To sum up....
summarize the main ideas, but do not just copy what you have written, use synonyms or rephrase the facts.
Give your opinion
02_CULTURE_AND_ART.ppt
Homework
OK, guys, hope you can remember we talk about art and culture.PPT presentation02_CULTURE_AND_ART.ppt2. CULTURE AND ART
a) Cultural options in the city and in the country (museums, exhibitions, theatres, cinemas, concerts, the circus, dance)
b) Popular forms of culture and art (genres, famous personalities)
c) Attending cultural events
d) Music, film, theatre and folk festivals, atmosphere
e) Other forms of art – folk music, dance, painting, sculpture, architecture – well-known artists/performers
A man should hear a little music, read a little poetry and see a fine Picture every day of his life. (J. W. Goethe)
Culture and art are part of everyday life of people. They add aesthetic value to our lives, enrich our mind and please our senses. Various cultural events present an interesting way of spending the free time of individuals, couples and families. Both culture and art are parts of national heritage of every country – all of them do their best to develop and promote it. Cities offer many cultural attractions to citizens and tourists.
Art is a way of communicating feelings. Artists express themselves in many forms – music, literature, architecture, painting, drawing, sculpture. Music, dance and theatre are performing arts. Painting, sculpture, architecture and photography are decorative arts.
Music has become a hobby, a profession and a part of the lifestyle of many people. Those who like classical music can enjoy a concert of philharmonic orchestra in a concert hall or attend a festival. Some of the festivals are held annually, such as the Bratislava Music Festival. Composers like Mozart, Beethoven and Bach have become the most important figures of the European musical heritage. Ode to Joy, a part of Beethoven’s masterpiece Ninth Symphony, became the anthem (hymna) of the European Union. Opera lovers can chose from a list of opera performances in one of the many opera houses, such as the Royal Opera House in London, where visitors can see both opera and ballet performances. A very famous concert venue in New York City is Carnegie Hall where concerts of classical as well as popular music are held. Spectators can enjoy it extraordinary acoustics.
Fans of different music styles – pop, rock, jazz, blues or country can enjoy the music at music festivals of the different genres, go to see their favourite singers or groups live at concerts or simply listen to CDs, MP3 players or watch concerts on DVDs. Thanks to digital technology the music industry supplies the market with all possible music genres recorded on many different types of media.
Slovakia is famous for its tradition of folklore music. Folklore groups dressed in traditional costumes dance at folklore festivals (the most famous is the one held in July in Východná). Young people prefer modern dance which includes many different types. Oriental dance is becoming very popular among women throughout the whole of Europe.
Dramatic art has a very long tradition in countries like England and France. The famous English theatre company, the Royal Shakespeare Company Theatre, brings together famous actors and directors of the world to work on the greatest plays. Numerous London theatres are concentrated in the West End, the entertainment heart of London, which remained a fashionable place for theatre and opera throughout the years. One of the major cultural events in Scotland is the Edinburgh International Festival which is a festival of classical music, opera, theatre and dance. Slovak theatre-goers can also enjoy various types of theatre performances. Musicals, performed at the New Scene Theatre in Bratislava, have become very popular in the last few years. Other favourite theatres in this town include the Slovak National Theatre, the Small Scene of the Slovak National Theatre, the Hviezdoslav Theatre, the Arena Theatre and many others.
Cinema generally enjoys great popularity. In Slovakia most films are of American productions; in the cinemas they are often shown with Slovak subtitles (titulky), on the TV they are dubbed (dabované). French, Spanish, and other foreign language film are quite rare, mostly presented at film festivals or in special film clubs. The most famous international film festivals are held in Cannes, Venice and Berlin. Ordinary small cinemas are now being replaced by large multi-screen air-conditioned complexes in shopping centres. Some of them have introduced three-dimensional (3D) films. In summer, people like to go to open-air cinemas. The number of cinema-goers has dropped throughout the years because films are now available on DVDs. They can be rented from DVD rental shops. Every year, actors, actresses, directors and screenplay writers are awarded a prize for their achievements in filmmaking. The Academy Award (Oscar) is the main national film award in the USA.
There is a great variety of media in which an artist can work. Paintings (Fine Art) of famous painters and sculptors (sochári) like Picasso, Van Gogh, Rembrandt, Claude Monet or Michelangelo are immortal and their artworks can be seen in a number of museums around the world. The National Gallery in London houses on of the greatest collections of European paintings in the world. The Tate Gallery is the national gallery of British art, also located in London.
Visitors to Bratislava can admire the colour paintings, landscapes, portraits and other works of arts in the Slovak National Gallery or the Bratislava City Gallery. The works of artists can be categorised into so called styles – Impressionism, Modernism, Surrealism, Naïve Art, Pop Art and others.
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings. It includes town planning, urban design, landscape architecture (development of gardens, parks) and interior design (furniture). Many architectural works may also be seen as cultural and political symbols and they are often works of art. They can have both a functional and aesthetic character. Some new architectonic structures were made possible only thanks to new materials and the development of technology. Famous architects of the Renaissance period were Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, who were also artists and scientists. At that time there was no clear dividing line between an artist and an architect one of the most famous architects of the 20th century was the controversial Austrian architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser, known for his revolutionary architectural designs.
Cultural events in the countryside are not that frequent. People who live in villages all their lives prefer gardening, visiting friends or watching TV. Many inhabitants of Bratislava have recently moved to villages, trying to get away from the busy city life as they do not live too far from the city, they can still enjoy the cultural life the city offers.
Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist and architect. He lived from 1452-1519 and is a great figure of the Italian Renaissance. His painting of an Italian nobleman’s wife called Zanoki del Giocondo, has become the most famous painting in the world, either under the title La Giaconda or the Mona Lisa.
Picasso was born in 1881 in Spain although he did most of his painting in France. He is generally recognised as one of the most inventive painters of the 20th century. He was already an accomplished (vynikajúci, skvelý, majstrovský) artist at the age of 10, had his first exhibition aged 16 and continued painting well into his 80s. He is probably best known for his surrealist paintings.
The Impressionist movement was named after Monet’s painting Impression, Sunrise. The movement (smer, hnutie) is particularly concerned with light effects and Monet often painted his subjects at different times of day to explore these effects. Born in Paris, I 1840, he began his Impressionist paintings in the 1860s. The First Impressionist exhibition was held in 1874. Monet produced many paintings which are still popular today, including Haystacks and Rouen Cathedral.
Van Gogh is famous not only for his post-impressionist paintings but also for the wild temperament which led him to cutting off part of one ear and later committing suicide in 1890. The Dutch painter was born in 1853 and first worked as a schoolmaster in England before becoming a painter. Like Picasso, he did most of his work in France, including his most famous paintings, The Sunflowers and The Chair.
As well as being an artist, Andy Warhol, was also an accomplished filmmaker. He was born in Pittsburgh in 1928, a son of Slovak immigrants. After studying at an art college, he became one of the leading commercial artists of the 1950s, with his Pop Art style – including pictures of soup cans and drinks bottles. He was shot by a radical feminist in 1968 but survived. He carried on painting until his death in 1987.
Modern art is not about any one thing in particular. It reflects many concerns of modern life. For instance, with its strange jumble (zmes, miešanica) of colours, lines and shapes, it may not appear to be anything recognisable. It may depict real objects but in an unusual or distorted (prekrútený, skreslený, skomolený) way. Modern art does not usually tell a story. Instead, it may evoke feelings, ideas, and impressions which are hard to put into words. At the beginning of the last century, many artists turned away from the traditional depiction of nature. Photography, which was developed in the 1830s, had freed artists from the need to copy what they saw. They instead began to explore ideas about art itself or tapping their own feelings. They were also trying to express their feelings about changes that they experienced in the world around them.
2 CULTURE AND ART
CULTURE – the word is used to speak about music, art, literature that are a part of our lives.
Culture and cultural life is represented by fine arts, art exhibitions and museum exhibits, as well as going the cinema, the theatre and concerts of classical and pop music.
ART - a way of communicating feelings. Artists
- add aesthetic value to our lives-pridať estetickú hodnotu do nášho života
- enrich our mind- obohatiť naše myslenie, myseľ
- please our senses-potešiť naše zmysly
A: DECORATIVE ARTS
- works of art-umelecké diela
1 PAINTINGS: landscapes (krajinky), life size portraits (portréty v životnej veľkosti ),still lifes (zátišia), sketches, miniatures, engravings (rytiny), etchings (ečinz lepty), graphic art (prints)
VOCABULARY
- art galleries display sculptures and paintings – galérie umenia vystavujú sochy a maľby
- to look with pleasure (pležr) at paintings– s radosťou / potešením sa pozerať na
- to have a high regard for paintings = to admire the paintings
- paint in watercolours / oil – maľovať vodovými farbami / olejovými farbami
- draw in pencil / pen – kresliť ceruzkou / perom
2 SCULPTURE: statues and sculptural groups (sochy a súsošia)
VOCABULARY
- cut in sandstone / granite / marble – vytesať z pieskovca, žuly, mramoru
- carved in wood – vyrezať z dreva
- mould in clay / plaster / mould in bronze – modelovať z hliny, sadry, odlievať z bronzu
3 ARCHITECTURE:
- landscape architecture (green outdoor spaces-parks, gardens)
- town planning
- urban design (buildings)
- interior design (furniture)
B: PERFORMING ARTS (umenie vo forme predstavení)
MUSIC:
- classical-serious (opera, operetta, choir, chamber- komorná, ...)
- pop music,
- other genres: rock, punk, funky, hip-hop, jazz, brass, folklore, alternative, underground, indie, church- religious, ...
VOCABULARY
- to listen to music
- to come into contact / to get in touch with – prísť do kontaktu s
- to have musical talent / to be talented in sth –
- to take music lessons – chodiť do hudobnej školy
- to play the piano/the recorder /the flute/ the bass /the guitar /the drums/the pipe/ the clarinet / the bassoon /the accordion /the violin /the viola /the violonchello ...
- concert-goer – návštevník koncertov
- to enjoy performances – užívať si predstavenia
- Large towns often invite renowned (slávny, renomovaný) symphonic orchestras with outstanding conductors (vynikajúci dirigenti) and hold (uskutočňujú)music festivals.
- composers of all styles and periods – skladatelia všetkých štýlov a období
- to have in the repertoire
- tunes – melodies
- to tune (tju:n) the musical instruments – ladiť hudobné nástroje
- musicians at concerts give encores – hudobníci na koncertov hrajú prídavky
C: DANCE:
- classical-ballet (´bälei )
- ballroom dances (spoločenské tance): standard (e.g. Waltz, Viennese waltz, jive, foxtrot, tango, ...)
- Latin-American (e.g. samba, rumba, salsa, cha cha, ...)
- oriental dances (e.g. belly dance...)
VOCABULARY
- to take dancing lessons – chodiť do tanečnej školy
- to develop a liking for dances – rozvíjať záľubu v tancoch
D: THEATRE:
- plays, comedies, tragedies, historical plays,
- musicals
- puppet shows (papit šouz) – bábkové predstavenia
VOCABULARY
- theatre-goers – návšteníci divadla
- dramatic art - divadelné umenie
- to give a performance – uviesť predstavenie
- to be performed at e.g. the New Scene Theatre... – uvádzaný na Novej scéne
- to act on the stage of the cultural house –hrať na pódiu kulturného domu
- to go to the theatre/the opera or to a ballet
- to be on the programme – mať na programe
- to be dressed up – vyobliekať sa
- to take their coats in the cloakroom – odložiť si kabáty v šatni
- a cloakroom attendant – šatniarka
- an attendant/ an usher shows us to our seat – uvádzačka nás uvedie na naše miesto
- to get tickets to the stalls, to sit in the box/in the dress circle-1st balcony/in the upper circle=2nd balcony, to stand in the gods = dostať lístky na prízemie, sedieť v lóži/na prvom balkóne/na druhom balkóne, stáť na najvyššom balkóne
- to know a synopsis of the opera, e.g. The programme gives a brief synopsis of the plot.
- to know who designed the stage scenery and costumes- kto navrhol scénu a kostýmy/who rehearsed (rihrzd) the programme – kto naštudoval program s hercami
- to see the cast – vidieť obsadenie/to see who stars –zistiť, kto hrá hlavnú úlohu/who plays the supporting roles-kto hrá vedľajšie úlohy/ who is a conductor – kto diriguje
- during intermissions (cez prestávku medzi dvoma dejstvami): to get refreshements in the theatre bar (občerstviť sa v bare), to share opinions with friends about the performance,
- the audience applauds - diváci tlieskajú/ the cast even get a standing ovation - herci sú odmenení potleskom v stoji
- there were many curtain calls („kláňačky“)
- children love pupet shows –deti milujú bábkové divadlo
CINEMA:
Cinema enjoys great popularity. - Kino sa teší veľkej popularite.
- first-run films – premiérové filmy/films have a long run-sú dlho na programe;/be on the programme for a long time
- cinema-goers- návštevníci kina
- the repertory of cinemas is focused on commercial films, e.g. action films, comedies -repertoár kín sa zameriava na komerčné filmy, napr. akčné filmy, komédie
- action-packed star-studded Hollywood blockbusters –akčný hollywoodský trhák s hviezdnym obsadením
- all-action blockbuster movies – akčné trháky
- films are shown with subtitles or are dubbed- filmy sa uvádzajú s titulkami alebo sú dabované
- screenplay-filmový scenár/screenplay writer - scenárista
- large multi-screen air-conditioned complexes in shopping centres – klimatizované kiná s veľkými premietacími plátnami v nákupných centrách
- to go to the open-air cinema – ísť do kina v prírode, amfiteáter
- three-dimensional (3D) films
- film makers, film making, directed by
- playwright – autor hier
- a film shows the tiny details of our daily lives – film detailne zobrazuje náš život
music and films recorded (zaznamenané, nahrané) on media such as DVDs, CDs
- to download and burn a film/music
- illegal, cheap, convenient (pohodlné)
Cultural events in the countryside are not so frequent like in large towns.
Cultural events: feltivals, concerts, discos, balls, book sales ... are held in... (...sa konajú v ...)
The Academy Award – an annual cinema award in many categories given since 1927 by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The award is the cinema´s most prestigious symbol taking the form of a gold plated statuette, nicknamed Oscar since 1931.
TASK FOR WRITING
You have just been to the worst concert of your life. Write an e-mail (160-220 words) to an American friend who asked your opinion because the tour is going to his/her city next month and he/she would like to go.Talk about the band (performers and instruments), lighting, the music and special effects.
ROLE-PLAY
A: You and a friend love playing your guitars together and have done so since you were little. Now, your friend wants to start a band and play publicly, maybe even for money. You´re not very happy about this idea. Try to talk your friend out of his idea. Give at least 2 reasons to persuade him to leave things as they are.
B: You and a friend love playing your guitars together and have done so since you were little. You´ve decided that that you’re both good enough to start your own band. Convince your friend to join you. Give at least 2 reasons why you think it’s a great idea.
dos and don'ts in the theatre
Opera experience to be affected by what other audience
members are doing around them. Most of these rules are general courtesy for any
type of performance, but just in case you need a refresher, here are a few
opera do’s and don’ts to ensure that you and everyone around you shares an
enjoyable experience!Do turn off all electronic
devices. Cellphones, Blackberries, Ipods, Ipads, etc. Just like in the movies,
the theatre, a meeting or even in church – no one wants to hear your ringtone
or see your texting conversation. You should be enjoying the performance that
you paid to see – your missed calls and messages will still be there when the
show is over!Don’t bring cameras or any type
of recording devices. Something like this might happen…(Not really, but it should scare anyone out of trying to take videos or
pictures during a performance!)Do arrive on time. And by
on-time, I mean in your seats, ready to watch the performance before the curtain goes up. However, if
for whatever reason you do not make it on time, BLO does have a late seating
policy: “ Patrons arriving
after the start of the performance may miss substantial portions of the opera —
perhaps as much as the first act."Don’t talk. Just like with cellphones, no one else in the
audience wants to hear your conversation, (if they did, you would be on stage,
not the performers!) so please save all conversations for the intermissions or
after the performance.Do take a break during the Intermissions – get up, go
to the bathroom, enjoy some refreshments (But remember Jessica’s story, you may
think your eating candy doesn’t bother anyone around you – but someone in the row
behind you might think differently. Just be conscientious when eating during a
performance if it is allowed.)Do
applaud! Every performer wants to hear applause, and the opera is no different.
There are, however appropriate times to applaud – such as after a big aria, at
the end of each act, and of course, when the singers come out to take a bow. If you are unsure whether or not it is an appropriate time to
applaud, following the lead of other audience members is a safe bet. If you really want to show
your appreciation, you can yell “Bravo!” for a male singer, “Brava!” for a
female singer, or “Bravi!” for a number of singers, but yelling anything else
is considered inappropriate.Don’t forget to enjoy the performance! Although this
list of do’s and don’ts may seem long, just remember to be courteous to others
and show respect for not only the performers, but for other audience members as
well. If you remember to do that, then you along with everyone around you will
be sure to have a great opera experience.Homework, October 9th
pls, learn a new final exam topic - FOODppt presentation 05_FOOD.ppttopic 17_Food.docxPDF vocabulary 05_CARD_food.pdfEnglish eating habits video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKbIilKwJwg&t=91sMac-and-cheese recipe https://tasty.co/recipe/3-ingredient-mac-cheeseEnglish food during the day https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKbIilKwJwg
British eating habits https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwUcoe_-GWg
watch the following videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhX9Dlp0Ds
vocab food likes, dislikes, flavours https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50syDdhrVPc
at a restauranthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CcYEoAyArE
Food vocabulary
Kitchen utensils (náradie, náčinie)
Dishwasher, dishdryer, microwave, cooker, blender (mixér), toaster, grill pan, frying pan, pot, lid, casserole, cake pan (tortová forma), baking sheet (plech), rolling pin (valček), kettle (kanvica, thermo (termoska, kitchen tools (náčinie), ladle (naberačka, spatula, turning spatula (obracačka, beater/whisk – šľahač, scissors, grater (strúhadlo, bowl, garlic press, peeler, ice cream scoop, can, can opener, drainer – sitko, bootles, bottle opener, kitchen towel, chopping board, cork (korok, štupeľ), knife/knives, spoon (varecha, lyžica, fork, juicer (odšťavovač), timer, potato masher (pučidlo na zemiaky), tongs – kliešte, cake server (lopatka na tortu)
Verbs:
Pour water, steam vegetables, roll the dough (vaľkať cesto) break/beat the eggs (rozbiť/vyšľahať), knead the dough (miesiť cesto), measure the oil, sprinkle with herbs, season (dochutiť), stir – miešať, whisk – šľahať, strain/drain (odkvapkať, vysušiť), mash (popučiť, add salt, beat eggs, chop the bacon, bring to the boil, cook for five minutes, cut the meat, fry bacon, heat oil, grate cheese, melt sugar, peel onions, crush garlic, pre-heat the oven, sift flour, simmer gently, slice tomatoes, serve with brown bread, mix together, skin the fish, bake a cake, mince (pomlieť) the pork, thaw/defrost, marinate, dice – cut into cubes, spread with butter (natrieť, weigh out (odvážiť), squeeze (vytlačiť), overcook, fry until golden (opražte do zlatova), taste, smell, have lunch, dinner, breakfast, supper, snack, tea, tv dinner, be fussy about food, be undercooked, burnt (pripálený), complain, thank, ask for, Are you ready to order? Cause heart disease, be on decline (byť na ústupe), change eating habits,
Raw, ripe,rotten, flavoured, be rich in flavour, be bland (bez chuti, nedochutený), rich in calories, prefer, served, with no added sugar
How to Talk About Food - Adjectives to Describe Food in English - Spoken English Lesson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW7IssCKgmI
American eating habits:17 FOOD
- Food and drinks during a day, your favourite meal. How do you make it?
- Places where people eat (restaurants, at home, at school canteen)
- National cuisine – traditions, specialties, table manners
- Eating habits, healthy food
People are different all over the world. People who live in colder countries need to eat more fatty (mastný) products and food which give them a lot of energy. People who live in hot countries need to eat a lot of fruit and vegetables to give their body enough energy and liquids. People who do physical work need a lot of energy and they also eat a lot of fatty products and food. In China people use chopsticks (paličky) when they eat, in Europe we use spoon (lyžica), knife (nôž) and fork (vidlička), in Africa they use their fingers or a piece of bread.
4. We have different eating habits (stravovacie návyky). Our eating habits depend on (závisia od) our lifestyle (životný štýl), our work, our mood (nálada) and feeling, our financial situation, our age and of course, the country we come from. Rich people usually eat healthier meals (jedlá) and poor people usually eat fast-food meals or junk food and they do not eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. Women usually eat healthier food than men. Those who want to eat healthy, eat a lot of low-fat products (yogurts, cheeses, skimmed milk), their food is rich in minerals, fibre (vláknina) and vitamins. They eat whole-grain (celozrnný) bread, they avoid (vyhýbajú sa) fatty meals. Women who want to lose weight eat as little as possible and kids are often fussy (vyberavý) about their food. Children often like fast-food meals such as (ako je) hamburgers, fish and chips, doughnuts, cakes, and also pasta, pizza and sausages. They love ketchup, but a lot of them hate healthy food. They like drinking fizzy drinks, lemonades and Coke is their favourite drink. They love sweet meals such as pancakes, cakes, puddings, jelly, ice-cream etc. (and so on).
- Normally, we eat three times a day – we have breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Breakfast. Slovaks usually have bread or a bread roll (rohlík) with butter, jam, honey, ham, some cheese or salami for breakfast. Some prefer scrambled eggs (praženica) or sausages. Others have a bowl (miska) of cereals (cereálie) such as cornflakes or muesli with milk. We usually drink a cup of coffee or a cup of tea for breakfast. Children have a glass of milk or cocoa for breakfast. They like yogurts, toasts with chocolate spread, bread and butter with honey or jam. The English usually begin the day with a cup of tea or coffee. British people have for breakfast toasts with butter and cheese, a bowl of cereals with milk, a cup of tea or coffee or a glass of orange juice. They do not drink tea with lemon; they put milk in it instead. Then they have a cup of tea again and finish with toast and marmalade. But nowadays more and more people prefer lighter meal for breakfast. Later in the morning the English people have another cup of tea and some biscuits.
The traditional English breakfast starts with cereals. It is often a bowl of cornflakes (ovsené vločky) with milk or porridge (ovsená kaša). This is sometimes followed by fried bacon and eggs or sausages (párky) and fried tomatoes, often at weekends. Children often eat toasts with beans in tomato sauce.
At about 10.00 o’clock in the morning we usually have a little snack, students at school eat their home-made (doma pripravené) snacks during their break after the third lesson.
The English lunch is a light meal consisting of warm dish (teplé jedlo) and a dessert, or ham and cheese sandwich, some fruit, pudding and ice cream. Lamb (jahňacina), beef or chicken is served with potatoes, vegetables and gravy (šťava z mäsa).
In the afternoon the English have teatime again. They meet friends and have a tea party. They eat thin slices of bread with cheese and some fish and vegetables.
Dinner is the main meal of the day in Great Britain (and also in the USA). It is served at about 6 o´clock when all the members of the family are at home. This meal is often eaten in front of the television. Most dinners during the week are simple, people often use pre-cooked (predvarené) food – CONVENIENT FOOD (tinned or frozen) with frozen (mrazené) vegetables, which can be heated (môže byť zohriate) quickly. A lot of supermarkets sell frozen “TV dinners” which can be quickly prepared in the oven or a microwave. During the week the meal consists of soup and fish and chips which is considered to be typically British. The British often have chicken and boiled vegetables with pasta or rice for dinner. Sometimes they eat pork or beef steaks with vegetables. Then later in the evening around 10 o´clock it is time for light supper.
A lot of Americans love to have lunch and dinner “out” – at snack bars, fast food restaurants or expensive hotels. They also use take-away services. You go to the take-away restaurant, you buy your food, take it home and you eat it at home. Typical take-away food includes pizza, Chinese food, Indian food and the traditional fish and chips.
In our country lunch is the main meal of the day. It usually has two courses (chody). The first course is a soup and the main course consists of some meat with the side dish (príloha). Sometimes we have dessert. For lunch, Slovaks have some meat (mäso), it is usually pork (bravčové), beef (hovädzie) or poultry (hydina) with potatoes or rice. But we also eat a lot of pasta (veľa cestovín) and sweet meals.
The Slovaks prepare dinner themselves at home. It is either (buď) a warm meal or a sandwich. Sometimes they order pizza. Some people have light supper, often cheese and biscuits and a glass of milk or a mug of cocoa before they go to bed. Men usually have a glass of beer or a glass of wine in the evening.
2. People who are at work have their lunch at canteens (v jedálňach) or they go and buy something in fast-food restaurants (KFC or Mc Donald’s) or take-away restaurants. Pupils and students have lunch at school canteen or they eat their packed lunch (which their mums made for them the day before) at school. Businessmen often invite their business partners for lunch or dinner to a restaurant. There they can choose from daily menu which is usually cheaper and is usually offered during lunchtime.
3. Each country has some traditional meals. Fish and chips are typically British. Pasta and pizza are considered typically Italian. Hamburger with chips is a typical American meal. In China they eat noodles and rice. Typical Slovak meal is “bryndzové halušky” (potato dumplings with sheep cheese). It is a kind of food prepared from potatoes and flour. Another traditional Slovak meal is “lokše” which are potato pancakes cooked on the stove (platni) or on a frying pan without oil. Another typical Slovak meal is cabbage soup (made of cabbage, pork, beef, plums, bacon and cream which we eat on Christmas Eve). For Christmas dinner the Slovaks usually have lentil soup (šošovicová polievka) or cabbage soup and potato salad with fried fish. We usually eat carp. The English and Americans have roast turkey with vegetables for their Christmas dinner. The British also eat Christmas pudding, which is a special cake and they eat it only on Christmas day. At Easter we usually eat smoked ham with potato salad and the English have hot cross buns on Easter Sunday.
Table manners – decide whether these manners are considered polite or impolite.
- Use your knife to cut and your fork to put the food in your mouth.
- Chew food with your mouth closed.
- Have a cigarette while other people eat.
- Sip your soup if it is too hot.
- Ask for things to be passed to you, don't lean over the table.
- If you have chewed the spice, spit it on the plate
- If you need to blow your nose, excuse yourself and go out of the room first.
- Answer your phone at the table and talk loudly and long enough.
- Don't grab everything you want first - help others to get their food and be prepared to share.
- Don't talk with your mouth full of food. It is not a good look!
- Eat with fingers if nobody tells you that you cannot do that.
- Put your elbows on the table, it is more comfortable.
- Do not pick anything out of your teeth. If it bothers you that bad, excuse yourself and go to the toilet to pick it.
- Always use a napkin to wipe your mouth, which should be on your lap when you do not use it.
- If you have a cold you can blow your nose with a napkin. You don’t have excuse yourself and go to the toilet.
- Lick your mouth when need it, do not have to use a napkin
- It is OK to put a knife into your mouth.
- You can start eating as soon as you are served. You do not have to wait for the others to be served
- You can make unpleasant noises when you are at home (belching - grganie, farting-prdenie, sipping, smacking)
- When you eat rolls, tear off a piece of it and then spread butter on it. Do not take a whole piece of a bread roll
Homework, September 24th
for Thursday this week prepare three-minute presentations about yourselves using the hints you have been givenHomework, September 13th
please, learn the Family topic for the next KAJ lesson - you should be able to talk about the theory for 7 minutes at least with no interruption bus also with no hesitation, no empty words or fillings
Family
watch the video - talking about your family https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXI2lRCnTKw
topic1.Family-NEW.docx
vocab 1_Family_pokr..docx
PPT presentation 01_FAMILY.ppt
handout scan.pdf
- Family
- Name, age, date of birth, address, marital status, weekdays (daily routine) and weekends, important moments in your life
- Members of your family (appearance –výzor, character, hobbies), housework
- your perfect partner, your vision of your own family
- Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?
A family usually consists of (pozostáva z) a mother, father and their children (siblings (súrodenci) – brother, sister), and grandparents (grandfather and grandmother) who live together in one home. They are members of an immediate family (najbližšia rodina). But a family doesn’t consist just of our immediate family. We have cousins, uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, mothers-in-law, fathers-in-law, sisters-in-law, brothers-in-law, who are members of our extended family (širšie príbuzenstvo).
A functioning family should provide protection (ochrana), education, help and security (bezpečnosť) to all its members. Strong relationships (vzťahy) are often created between siblings (súrodenci), cousins, parents, aunts, uncles, grandparents and other relatives (príbuzní).
All family members have some duties (povinnosti) and responsibilities (zodpovednosti). Parents should teach their children what is good and bad, how to solve problems (riešiť problem) in life, how to become an independent (nezávislý) person and care about (starať sa o koho) others. Democratic parents talk with their children and respect them. Strict parents (prísni rodičia) do not make compromises, which often creates a generation gap (generačná priepasť/rozdiel) between them and their own children. The main duty of children is learning and going to school. They should also help their parents with housework (domáce práce). (I do the shopping, I do the washing up, I tidy up my room, I take out the trash; my mum cooks, washes and dry dishes, hoovers the floor, clears the table, sets the table, does the washing/washes the clothes, takes the dog for a walk; my father is responsible for feeding the dog, washing the windows, shovelling the snow, washing the car, cleaning the toilet and bathroom; my sister’s duty is (povinnosťou mojej sestry je) to dust the furniture (utierať prach z nábytku), to hang out (vyvesiť) the clothes/washing, to put away books, to make her bed, to water the flowers, to watch my little brother (dávať pozor na malého brata) and sometimes she goes shopping with me and my mum.
Modern European families are monogamous (monogamné) most of young people get married (sa vydáva/žení) in their late twenties or early thirties. Many young people live together in the same home but are not a husband and wife. This is called cohabitation (spolužitie “na divoko”). Older generations think this is not correct.
The wedding (svadba) is a formal act and it takes place in a town hall (radnica) or in a church (kostol). The engaged couple (snúbenecký pár) exchange their wedding rings (obrúčky) and promise themselves (sľúbiť si navzájom) to live together in good and bad and in illness too. Nowadays, many couples are divorced (rozvedené). Their frequent reasons for a divorce are problems with trust (dôvera), money, living with parents and parents-in-law, alcohol, drugs, gambling (gamblerstvo) and unemployement (nezamestnanosť).
When one of the parents dies, children stay with a single parent (jediný rodič). A woman who loses (stratí) her husband (manžel) is called a widow (vdova) and a man is called a widower (vdovec). When they get married again, the new parents are called step- parents (nevlastní rodičia) and their children are step-sisters and step-brothers. Sometimes, divorced parents get married once again. Bad relationships with new step-parents lead to (viesť k niečomu) problems and frequent arguments (časté hádky).
Family life is different all around the world. In Slovakia many families meet together for special days, such as on birthdays, at weddings, feasts (hody/hostiny) and funerals (pohreby), graduation ceremonies (promócie). A family, a real home and relatives (príbuzní) are what we need for life. They always help us when we need them.
- Biography, address, date of birth, marital status (single-slobodný, married- ženatý/vydatá, divorced-rozvedený/á, widow-vdova, widower, single mother – slobodná matka, single parent family, bachelor [bečlr](starý mládenec), spinster (stará dievka), boy/girlfriend, fiancé (snúbenec) [fionsei] – man you plan to marry/fiancée – woman you plan to marry, engagement – zásnuby, engagement ring, to be engaged – byť zasnúbený, wedding – svadba, bridegroom –ženích, bride – nevesta, wedding ceremony, honey moon – svadobná cesta, marriage – manželstvo, orphan – sirota, husband, wife, parents, mother, father); nuclear family – people you live with (najbližšia rodina, mother, father, siblings), step (nevlastná)- mother, brother, sister, mother-in-law (svokra) ; extended family – all your relatives (príbuzní) – cousin, uncle, aunt, grandparents,
- Important moments in your life (birth of your brother or sister, wedding anniversaries of your grandparents and parents, your birthday, family celebrations and holidays, moving from one place to another, the day when I went to school for the first time, the day when I learned that I had passed the talent exams and was accepted at the secondary school of arts, the day when I met my boyfriend/girlfriend, etc.)
- Members of your family – appearance (výzor), character (vlastnosti, charakter), hobbies. O najbližšej rodine vedieť a aspoň nejakého bratranca, prípadne uja, tetu), describe your family tree (rodostrom)
- Family relations – which members of your family are you closest to (kto ti je najbližší, s kým si najviac rozumieš)? Why?
- Family relations –celebrations (oslavy, sviatky, narodeniny, Vianoce, Veľká Noc when all members of your family get together), your daily routine – weekday, weekend (čo robíš cez deň, čo cez víkendy – pozor, prítomný jednoduchý čas, dej sa opakuje) (I wake up/get up at 6.oo o’clock, make my bed, clean my teeth, wash my face, have a shower, get dressed, comb my hair, have breakfast, put on my coat, leave home at 7.00, I go to school by bus, my mum takes me to school, it takes me about 30 minutes to get to school, my lessons start at... and usually finish at, I have/do not have lunch at school canteen, I come back home/get home at..., I have a rest, have something for my lunch, do my homework, help my mother, watch TV, draw, paint, prepare for school, revise for my exams, go out with my friends, read a book, listen to the music, have a bath, go to bed.
- Generation gap (medzigeneračné rozdiely) – do your parents understand your problems, do they help you with them, do you talk to them about common things and about your relationships with your friends? Are they strict?
- How do you help your parents – house chores (domáce práce) ( I do the washing up, I go shopping, I walk my dog, take out the rubbish, I do the hoovering, every day I make my bed, on Sundays I usually tidy up my room / clear up the mess in my room, I play with my younger sister, etc.) Ako sú rozdelené domáce práce, kto čo robí
- Typical Slovak family, compare (porovnaj) your family life with family life in other countries (napr. In China they have a single child policy; in less developed countries – all members of a family usually live together, in developed countries – when children grow up, they tend to move and live on their own.
- Slovakia - typical Slovak family is a complete family (úplná rodina) with 2 children, often one of the parents is unemployed (nezamestnaný). They live in a family house in a village together with grandparents or they live in a town in a three-room flat or four-room flat in a housing estate (na sídlisku). Mother works in an office or in a shop and father is a driver or worker. They go on holiday once a year, usually to Croatia. But the number (počet) of incomplete (neúplných) families has increased (vzrástol), there are a lot of single parent families – usually mother and one child. There are a lot of divorces. People get divorced because they have problems with money, trust (dôvera), one of the partners has a love affair, they don’t understand each other, they have different interests, a husband is drug addict or alcoholic or gambler (hazardný hráč), they don’t love each other anymore. Families in towns do not live together, in villages it is common that 3 generations live together – grandparents, parents and their children, in Slovakia you can get married when you are 18, but in case there is a serious reason (e.g. pregnancy – tehotenstvo) you might get permission to get married starting with the age of 16. You can have a civil or church wedding ceremony.
- Great Britain – children live with their parents until they finish their schools, but then they move and live on their own. A lot of families consist of one parent; there are lots of single-parent families. People often get divorced and get married again. Children often visit their parents at weekends, they go on holiday together and they spend Christmas together.
- The USA - children live with their parents until they finish their studies, but then they move and live on their own. They often live far away (veľmi ďaleko) from their parents, sometimes in a different state. Families usually get together on special days and occasions. They meet on Thanksgiving Day and eat roast turkey and vegetables. They have fun, they talk together and have family celebration. Families also meet at Christmas.
- Orphan – a child whose parents are dead, an orphan lives in an orphanage or a foster home, it is difficult to adopt children in our society, you have to fill in a lot of forms and they (the authorities) check your family, living conditions, income.
Otázky: 1. What does family mean to you?
- What are the functions of a family?
- What are the main roles of children and parents in a family?
- What is cohabitation?
- Why do people get divorced?
- When does your family usually get together?
- Describe your mother (appearance, character, hobbies)
- Who are you closest to in your family and why? (kto ti je najbližší v rodine a prečo)
- Make the pairs from the following words. Example: mother-father
Mother, brother, mother-in-law, aunt, niece, grandfather, daughter, sister-in-law, husband, father, sister, uncle, nephew, father-in-law, grandmother, wife, son, brother-in-law
- What do you think, what are the qualities of an ideal father and mother? Use the phrases and vocabulary below to help you.
I think that an ideal father/mother should/shouldn’t be ……. (friendly, democratic, liberal, strict, helpful, reliable, emphatic, responsible)
In my opinion ideal parents should/shouldn’t…. (listen to their children, talk to their children, make compromises, solve their children’s problems, buy their children what they want, spend weekends with their children, punish their children)
Describing people – their appearance (opis ľudí – ich zovňajšok) How do they look like? 11. Describe 2 members of your family:
Age: young; middle-aged (v strednom veku); older; elderly (postarší), he is in his ealy 30s (má asi do 35 rokov), she is in her mid 30s (má asi 35 orkov); they are in their late 30s (majú takmer 40 rokov); he is retired (je na dôchodku)
Figure – build (postava): slim (štíhly); skinny (vychudnutý), thin (tenký, chuddy), he is of medium build (je strednej postavy- ani chudý, ani tučný); he is well-built (je urastený); plump (bacuľatý); fat (tučný); overweight (obézny)
Height (výška): small, tall, short; he is of medium height (je strednej výšky)
Face (tvár): thin, chubby (bucľatý), round (okrúhla; oval (oválna) square (štvorcová); sun-tanned (opálená); pale (bledý), full lips (plné pery); thin lips; long/straight/turned up (vyvrátený) nos. Skin (pleť): dark (snedý, tmavý), fair (svetlý).
Hair: long/short/straight (rovné)/curly (kučeravé) / wavy (vlnité); fringe (ofina), ponytail (vrkoč), spiky (na ježka), he is bald (on je plešatý), highlighted (melírované); dyed (farbené), blond, dark, fair (plavý, svetlý), grey, red, white.
Clothes: he/she usually wears casual (neformálne), smart (elegantné), fashionable (módne), old-fashioned (staromódne), conservative, elegant, comfortable (pohodlné), scruffy (rozgajdané) clothes, he/she is always neat (upravený);
Other features (iné znaky/črty): He wears glasses (nosí okuliare). He is scarred (je zjazvený). She has freckles (má pehy), he has a beard (bradu), moustache (fúzy), wrinkles (vrásky), he is unshaven (je neooholený).
- FAMILY
FAMILY = the basic social group, present in all societies
- should provide companionship and security, love and emotional support
- different structures (vary from society to society):
NUCLEAR FAMILY (úplná rodina)
* 2 adults and their children = the main unit in many societies
EXTENDED FAMILY (široká rodina)
* nuclear family + granparents and other relatives
SINGLE PARENT FAMILY (jeden rodič)
* a result of divorce or unmarried mothers having children
STEP FAMILY (nevlastná rodina)
* created by the new marriage of a single parent
* there can be problems between the children and step parents (may not like each other, be jealous, etc.)
UNMARRIED COUPLES (slobodné páry)
* pretty common nowadays to co-habit without getting married (young people or elderly widowed couples ŕ find it economically practical to live together without marrying)
HOMOSEXUAL COUPLES
* also live together more openly today
* sometimes share their households with the children of one partner or with adopted children
The family composition in industrial societies has changed dramatically. Couples tend to have less children - averagely 2 (compared to 7 in 1800).
It is partly caused by the continuing changes in women´s roles:
* have joined the labour force
* increasing employment and education opportunities of women
* rising expectations of personal satisfaction through marriage and family
Some couples choose to postpone having children until their careers are well established or not to have any at all.
Childless families may also be the result of the availability of birth control measures (contraception, abortion).
The divorce trend: increasing, partly due to the fact that women are economically more self-supporting and legal grounds for divorce are eased, therefore it´s easier for partners to leave a dissatisfactory relationship.
Causes of split up: unfaithfulness, infertility, interefernce by in-laws, financial problems, jealousy...
Possible family problems: teenage mothers, abortion: Yes or No?, young couples, adoption, generation gap, housing...
OUTLET
- define family
- types of family units
- changes in family structure
- causes of the changes
- the divorce trend
- split up causes
- possible problems (name some and choose one for a longer talk)
QUESTIONS
1. What´s the right age to start a family?
2. Does having a baby mean one has to be married?
3. How long should people know each other before getting married?
4. Would you like to get married one day?
5. What kind of person should your potential spouse be?
6. What kind of wedding would you like to have? (Where) Would you like to go on your honeymoon?
7. Would you like to have children? How many?
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having children?
9. What makes a good marriage? What leads to marriage problems and divorce?
10. Do you agree that lifelong marriage is no longer expected in society?
Kontakty
- Stredná odborná škola polygrafická
- +421 2 49209220
- Račianska 190 www.polygraficka.sk 835 26 Bratislava Slovakia
- 00894915
- SK2020325186
Prihlásenie
Powered by aSc EduPage